ray/doc/source/ray-core/cross-language.rst
clarng 34385b8136
[docs] ray core cross-lang docs: edit pass & move python code into doc_code dir (#27350)
Edit pass. Move code into doc_code dir. Code in doc_code is verified by CI
2022-08-02 12:50:05 -07:00

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.. _cross_language:
Cross-Language Programming
==========================
This page will show you how to use Ray's cross-language programming feature.
Setup the driver
-----------------
We need to set :ref:`code_search_path` in your driver.
.. tabbed:: Python
.. literalinclude:: ./doc_code/cross_language.py
:language: python
:start-after: __crosslang_init_start__
:end-before: __crosslang_init_end__
.. tabbed:: Java
.. code-block:: bash
java -classpath <classpath> \
-Dray.address=<address> \
-Dray.job.code-search-path=/path/to/code/ \
<classname> <args>
You may want to include multiple directories to load both Python and Java code for workers, if they are placed in different directories.
.. tabbed:: Python
.. literalinclude:: ./doc_code/cross_language.py
:language: python
:start-after: __crosslang_multidir_start__
:end-before: __crosslang_multidir_end__
.. tabbed:: Java
.. code-block:: bash
java -classpath <classpath> \
-Dray.address=<address> \
-Dray.job.code-search-path=/path/to/jars:/path/to/pys \
<classname> <args>
Python calling Java
-------------------
Suppose we have a Java static method and a Java class as follows:
.. code-block:: java
package io.ray.demo;
public class Math {
public static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
}
.. code-block:: java
package io.ray.demo;
// A regular Java class.
public class Counter {
private int value = 0;
public int increment() {
this.value += 1;
return this.value;
}
}
Then, in Python, we can call the above Java remote function, or create an actor
from the above Java class.
.. literalinclude:: ./doc_code/cross_language.py
:language: python
:start-after: __python_call_java_start__
:end-before: __python_call_java_end__
Java calling Python
-------------------
Suppose we have a Python module as follows:
.. literalinclude:: ./doc_code/cross_language.py
:language: python
:start-after: __python_module_start__
:end-before: __python_module_end__
.. note::
* The function or class should be decorated by `@ray.remote`.
Then, in Java, we can call the above Python remote function, or create an actor
from the above Python class.
.. code-block:: java
package io.ray.demo;
import io.ray.api.ObjectRef;
import io.ray.api.PyActorHandle;
import io.ray.api.Ray;
import io.ray.api.function.PyActorClass;
import io.ray.api.function.PyActorMethod;
import io.ray.api.function.PyFunction;
import org.testng.Assert;
public class JavaCallPythonDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ray.init();
// Define a Python class.
PyActorClass actorClass = PyActorClass.of(
"ray_demo", "Counter");
// Create a Python actor and call actor method.
PyActorHandle actor = Ray.actor(actorClass).remote();
ObjectRef objRef1 = actor.task(
PyActorMethod.of("increment", int.class)).remote();
Assert.assertEquals(objRef1.get(), 1);
ObjectRef objRef2 = actor.task(
PyActorMethod.of("increment", int.class)).remote();
Assert.assertEquals(objRef2.get(), 2);
// Call the Python remote function.
ObjectRef objRef3 = Ray.task(PyFunction.of(
"ray_demo", "add", int.class), 1, 2).remote();
Assert.assertEquals(objRef3.get(), 3);
Ray.shutdown();
}
}
Cross-language data serialization
---------------------------------
The arguments and return values of ray call can be serialized & deserialized
automatically if their types are the following:
- Primitive data types
=========== ======= =======
MessagePack Python Java
=========== ======= =======
nil None null
bool bool Boolean
int int Short / Integer / Long / BigInteger
float float Float / Double
str str String
bin bytes byte[]
=========== ======= =======
- Basic container types
=========== ======= =======
MessagePack Python Java
=========== ======= =======
array list Array
=========== ======= =======
- Ray builtin types
- ActorHandle
.. note::
* Be aware of float / double precision between Python and Java. If Java is using a
float type to receive the input argument, the double precision Python data
will be reduced to float precision in Java.
* BigInteger can support a max value of 2^64-1, please refer to:
https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#int-format-family.
If the value is larger than 2^64-1, then sending the value to Python will raise an exception.
The following example shows how to pass these types as parameters and how to
return these types.
You can write a Python function which returns the input data:
.. literalinclude:: ./doc_code/cross_language.py
:language: python
:start-after: __serialization_start__
:end-before: __serialization_end__
Then you can transfer the object from Java to Python, and back from Python
to Java:
.. code-block:: java
package io.ray.demo;
import io.ray.api.ObjectRef;
import io.ray.api.Ray;
import io.ray.api.function.PyFunction;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import org.testng.Assert;
public class SerializationDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ray.init();
Object[] inputs = new Object[]{
true, // Boolean
Byte.MAX_VALUE, // Byte
Short.MAX_VALUE, // Short
Integer.MAX_VALUE, // Integer
Long.MAX_VALUE, // Long
BigInteger.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE), // BigInteger
"Hello World!", // String
1.234f, // Float
1.234, // Double
"example binary".getBytes()}; // byte[]
for (Object o : inputs) {
ObjectRef res = Ray.task(
PyFunction.of("ray_serialization", "py_return_input", o.getClass()),
o).remote();
Assert.assertEquals(res.get(), o);
}
Ray.shutdown();
}
}
Cross-language exception stacks
-------------------------------
Suppose we have a Java package as follows:
.. code-block:: java
package io.ray.demo;
import io.ray.api.ObjectRef;
import io.ray.api.Ray;
import io.ray.api.function.PyFunction;
public class MyRayClass {
public static int raiseExceptionFromPython() {
PyFunction<Integer> raiseException = PyFunction.of(
"ray_exception", "raise_exception", Integer.class);
ObjectRef<Integer> refObj = Ray.task(raiseException).remote();
return refObj.get();
}
}
and a Python module as follows:
.. literalinclude:: ./doc_code/cross_language.py
:language: python
:start-after: __raise_exception_start__
:end-before: __raise_exception_end__
Then, run the following code:
.. literalinclude:: ./doc_code/cross_language.py
:language: python
:start-after: __raise_exception_demo_start__
:end-before: __raise_exception_demo_end__
The exception stack will be:
.. code-block:: text
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "ray_exception_demo.py", line 9, in <module>
ray.get(obj_ref) # <-- raise exception from here.
File "ray/python/ray/_private/client_mode_hook.py", line 105, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "ray/python/ray/_private/worker.py", line 2247, in get
raise value
ray.exceptions.CrossLanguageError: An exception raised from JAVA:
io.ray.api.exception.RayTaskException: (pid=61894, ip=172.17.0.2) Error executing task c8ef45ccd0112571ffffffffffffffffffffffff01000000
at io.ray.runtime.task.TaskExecutor.execute(TaskExecutor.java:186)
at io.ray.runtime.RayNativeRuntime.nativeRunTaskExecutor(Native Method)
at io.ray.runtime.RayNativeRuntime.run(RayNativeRuntime.java:231)
at io.ray.runtime.runner.worker.DefaultWorker.main(DefaultWorker.java:15)
Caused by: io.ray.api.exception.CrossLanguageException: An exception raised from PYTHON:
ray.exceptions.RayTaskError: ray::raise_exception() (pid=62041, ip=172.17.0.2)
File "ray_exception.py", line 7, in raise_exception
1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero