[tune] Limit maximum number of pending trials. Add convergence test. (#14835)

doc/source/tune/user-guide.rst

@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ These are the environment variables Ray Tune currently considers:
 * **TUNE_MAX_LEN_IDENTIFIER**: Maximum length of trial subdirectory names (those
   with the parameter values in them)
 * **TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG**: Maximum number of pending trials when placement groups are used. Defaults
-  to ``1000``.
+  to ``auto``, which will be updated to ``1000`` for random/grid search and ``1`` for any other search algorithms.
 * **TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_AUTO_DISABLED**: Ray Tune automatically uses placement groups
   instead of the legacy resource requests. Setting this to 1 enables legacy placement.
 * **TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_CLEANUP_DISABLED**: Ray Tune cleans up existing placement groups
@@ -767,6 +767,9 @@ These are the environment variables Ray Tune currently considers:
   that scheduled placement groups are removed when multiple calls to ``tune.run()`` are
   done in the same script. You might want to disable this if you run multiple Tune runs in
   parallel from different scripts. Set to 1 to disable.
+* **TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_PREFIX**: Prefix for placement groups created by Ray Tune. This prefix is used
+  e.g. to identify placement groups that should be cleaned up on start/stop of the tuning run. This is
+  initialized to a unique name at the start of the first run.
 * **TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_WAIT_S**: Default time the trial executor waits for placement
   groups to be placed before continuing the tuning loop. Setting this to a float
   will block for that many seconds. This is mostly used for testing purposes. Defaults

python/ray/tune/BUILD

@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ py_test(
 )
 
 py_test(
-    name = "test_convergence_gaussian_process",
+    name = "test_convergence",
-    size = "small",
+    size = "medium",
-    srcs = ["tests/test_convergence_gaussian_process.py"],
+    srcs = ["tests/test_convergence.py"],
     deps = [":tune_lib"],
     tags = ["exclusive"],
 )

python/ray/tune/ray_trial_executor.py

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ from ray.tune.error import AbortTrialExecution, TuneError
 from ray.tune.logger import NoopLogger
 from ray.tune.result import TRIAL_INFO, STDOUT_FILE, STDERR_FILE
 from ray.tune.resources import Resources
-from ray.tune.utils.placement_groups import PlacementGroupManager
+from ray.tune.utils.placement_groups import PlacementGroupManager, \
+    get_tune_pg_prefix
 from ray.tune.utils.trainable import TrainableUtil
 from ray.tune.trial import Trial, Checkpoint, Location, TrialInfo
 from ray.tune.trial_executor import TrialExecutor
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ class RayTrialExecutor(TrialExecutor):
 
         self._avail_resources = Resources(cpu=0, gpu=0)
         self._committed_resources = Resources(cpu=0, gpu=0)
-        self._pg_manager = PlacementGroupManager()
+        self._pg_manager = PlacementGroupManager(prefix=get_tune_pg_prefix())
         self._staged_trials = set()
         self._just_staged_trials = set()
         self._trial_just_finished = False
@@ -197,6 +198,9 @@ class RayTrialExecutor(TrialExecutor):
         """Returns True if trials have recently been staged."""
         return self._pg_manager.in_staging_grace_period()
 
+    def set_max_pending_trials(self, max_pending: int):
+        self._pg_manager.set_max_staging(max_pending)
+
     def stage_and_update_status(self, trials: List[Trial]):
         """Check and update statuses of scheduled placement groups.
 
@@ -783,7 +787,9 @@ class RayTrialExecutor(TrialExecutor):
 
         """
         if trial.uses_placement_groups:
-            return trial in self._staged_trials or self._pg_manager.can_stage()
+            return trial in self._staged_trials or self._pg_manager.can_stage(
+            ) or self._pg_manager.has_ready(
+                trial, update=True)
 
         return self.has_resources(trial.resources)
 

python/ray/tune/stopper.py

@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ class ExperimentPlateauStopper(Stopper):
         return self.has_plateaued() and self._iterations >= self._patience
 
 
+# Deprecate: 1.4
 class EarlyStopping(ExperimentPlateauStopper):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         warnings.warn(

python/ray/tune/suggest/ax.py

@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ except ImportError:
 
 # This exception only exists in newer Ax releases for python 3.7
 try:
+    from ax.exceptions.core import DataRequiredError
     from ax.exceptions.generation_strategy import \
         MaxParallelismReachedException
 except ImportError:
-    MaxParallelismReachedException = Exception
+    MaxParallelismReachedException = DataRequiredError = Exception
 
 import logging
 
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ class AxSearch(Searcher):
         else:
             try:
                 parameters, trial_index = self._ax.get_next_trial()
-            except MaxParallelismReachedException:
+            except (MaxParallelismReachedException, DataRequiredError):
                 return None
 
         self._live_trial_mapping[trial_id] = trial_index

python/ray/tune/suggest/dragonfly.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 import inspect
 import logging
-import pickle
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from ray.tune.result import DEFAULT_METRIC
@@ -331,17 +330,6 @@ class DragonflySearch(Searcher):
             self._opt.tell([(trial_info,
                              self._metric_op * result[self._metric])])
 
-    def save(self, checkpoint_path: str):
-        trials_object = (self._initial_points, self._opt)
-        with open(checkpoint_path, "wb") as outputFile:
-            pickle.dump(trials_object, outputFile)
-
-    def restore(self, checkpoint_dir: str):
-        with open(checkpoint_dir, "rb") as inputFile:
-            trials_object = pickle.load(inputFile)
-        self._initial_points = trials_object[0]
-        self._opt = trials_object[1]
-
     @staticmethod
     def convert_search_space(spec: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
         resolved_vars, domain_vars, grid_vars = parse_spec_vars(spec)

python/ray/tune/suggest/nevergrad.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+import inspect
 import logging
 import pickle
-from typing import Dict, Optional, Union, List, Sequence
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Type, Union, List, Sequence
 
 from ray.tune.result import DEFAULT_METRIC
 from ray.tune.sample import Categorical, Domain, Float, Integer, LogUniform, \
@@ -108,7 +109,8 @@ class NevergradSearch(Searcher):
     """
 
     def __init__(self,
-                 optimizer: Union[None, Optimizer, ConfiguredOptimizer] = None,
+                 optimizer: Union[None, Optimizer, Type[Optimizer],
+                                  ConfiguredOptimizer] = None,
                  space: Optional[Union[Dict, Parameter]] = None,
                  metric: Optional[str] = None,
                  mode: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -154,7 +156,9 @@ class NevergradSearch(Searcher):
                     "parameter.")
             self._parameters = space
             self._nevergrad_opt = optimizer
-        elif isinstance(optimizer, ConfiguredOptimizer):
+        elif (inspect.isclass(optimizer)
+              and issubclass(optimizer, Optimizer)) or isinstance(
+                  optimizer, ConfiguredOptimizer):
             self._opt_factory = optimizer
             self._parameters = None
             self._space = space

python/ray/tune/tests/test_cluster.py

@@ -364,11 +364,11 @@ def test_trial_migration(start_connected_emptyhead_cluster, trainable_id):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("trainable_id", ["__fake", "__fake_durable"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("with_pg", [True, False])
-@patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-@patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
 def test_trial_requeue(start_connected_emptyhead_cluster, trainable_id,
                        with_pg):
     """Removing a node in full cluster causes Trial to be requeued."""
+    os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
+
     if not with_pg:
         os.environ["TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_AUTO_DISABLED"] = "1"
 

python/ray/tune/tests/test_convergence.py

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import math
+import numpy as np
+
+import ray
+from ray import tune
+from ray.tune.stopper import ExperimentPlateauStopper
+from ray.tune.suggest import ConcurrencyLimiter
+import unittest
+
+
+def loss(config, reporter):
+    x = config.get("x")
+    reporter(loss=x**2)  # A simple function to optimize
+
+
+class ConvergenceTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test convergence in gaussian process."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
+        ray.init(local_mode=False, num_cpus=1, num_gpus=0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
+        ray.shutdown()
+
+    def _testConvergence(self, searcher, top=3, patience=20):
+        # This is the space of parameters to explore
+        space = {"x": tune.uniform(0, 20)}
+
+        resources_per_trial = {"cpu": 1, "gpu": 0}
+
+        analysis = tune.run(
+            loss,
+            metric="loss",
+            mode="min",
+            stop=ExperimentPlateauStopper(
+                metric="loss", top=top, patience=patience),
+            search_alg=searcher,
+            config=space,
+            num_samples=100,  # Number of iterations
+            resources_per_trial=resources_per_trial,
+            raise_on_failed_trial=False,
+            fail_fast=True,
+            reuse_actors=True,
+            verbose=1)
+        print(f"Num trials: {len(analysis.trials)}. "
+              f"Best result: {analysis.best_config['x']}")
+
+        return analysis
+
+    def testConvergenceAx(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.ax import AxSearch
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+
+        searcher = AxSearch()
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher, patience=10)
+
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-5)
+
+    def testConvergenceBayesOpt(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.bayesopt import BayesOptSearch
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+
+        # Following bayesian optimization
+        searcher = BayesOptSearch(random_search_steps=10)
+        searcher.repeat_float_precision = 5
+        searcher = ConcurrencyLimiter(searcher, 1)
+
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher, patience=100)
+
+        assert len(analysis.trials) < 50
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-5)
+
+    def testConvergenceDragonfly(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.dragonfly import DragonflySearch
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+        searcher = DragonflySearch(domain="euclidean", optimizer="bandit")
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher)
+
+        assert len(analysis.trials) < 100
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-5)
+
+    def testConvergenceHEBO(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.hebo import HEBOSearch
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+        searcher = HEBOSearch()
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher)
+
+        assert len(analysis.trials) < 100
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-2)
+
+    def testConvergenceHyperopt(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.hyperopt import HyperOptSearch
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+        searcher = HyperOptSearch(random_state_seed=1234)
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher, patience=50, top=5)
+
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-2)
+
+    def testConvergenceNevergrad(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.nevergrad import NevergradSearch
+        import nevergrad as ng
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+        searcher = NevergradSearch(optimizer=ng.optimizers.PSO)
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher, patience=50, top=5)
+
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-3)
+
+    def testConvergenceOptuna(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.optuna import OptunaSearch
+
+        np.random.seed(1)
+        searcher = OptunaSearch()
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(
+            searcher,
+            top=5,
+        )
+
+        # This assertion is much weaker than in the BO case, but TPE
+        # don't converge too close. It is still unlikely to get to this
+        # tolerance with random search (~0.01% chance)
+        assert len(analysis.trials) < 100
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-2)
+
+    def testConvergenceSkOpt(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.skopt import SkOptSearch
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+        searcher = SkOptSearch()
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher)
+
+        assert len(analysis.trials) < 100
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-3)
+
+    def testConvergenceZoopt(self):
+        from ray.tune.suggest.zoopt import ZOOptSearch
+
+        np.random.seed(0)
+        searcher = ZOOptSearch(budget=100)
+        analysis = self._testConvergence(searcher)
+
+        assert len(analysis.trials) < 100
+        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-3)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import pytest
+    import sys
+    sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))

python/ray/tune/tests/test_convergence_gaussian_process.py

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-import math
-import numpy as np
-
-import ray
-from ray import tune
-from ray.tune.suggest.bayesopt import BayesOptSearch
-from ray.tune.suggest import ConcurrencyLimiter
-import unittest
-
-
-def loss(config, reporter):
-    x = config.get("x")
-    reporter(loss=x**2)  # A simple function to optimize
-
-
-class ConvergenceTest(unittest.TestCase):
-    """Test convergence in gaussian process."""
-
-    def shutDown(self):
-        ray.shutdown()
-
-    def test_convergence_gaussian_process(self):
-        np.random.seed(0)
-        ray.init(local_mode=True, num_cpus=1, num_gpus=1)
-
-        # This is the space of parameters to explore
-        space = {"x": tune.uniform(0, 20)}
-
-        resources_per_trial = {"cpu": 1, "gpu": 0}
-
-        # Following bayesian optimization
-        gp = BayesOptSearch(random_search_steps=10)
-        gp.repeat_float_precision = 5
-        gp = ConcurrencyLimiter(gp, 1)
-
-        # Execution of the BO.
-        analysis = tune.run(
-            loss,
-            metric="loss",
-            mode="min",
-            # stop=EarlyStopping("loss", mode="min", patience=5),
-            search_alg=gp,
-            config=space,
-            num_samples=100,  # Number of iterations
-            resources_per_trial=resources_per_trial,
-            raise_on_failed_trial=False,
-            fail_fast=True,
-            verbose=1)
-        assert len(analysis.trials) in {13, 40, 43}  # it is 43 on the cluster?
-        assert math.isclose(analysis.best_config["x"], 0, abs_tol=1e-5)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import pytest
-    import sys
-    sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))

python/ray/tune/tests/test_trial_runner.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
-from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import ray
 from ray.rllib import _register_all
@@ -294,9 +293,9 @@ class TrialRunnerTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(trials[0].status, Trial.RUNNING)
         self.assertEqual(runner.trial_executor._committed_resources.cpu, 2)
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testQueueFilling(self):
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
+
         ray.init(num_cpus=4)
 
         def f1(config):

python/ray/tune/tests/test_trial_runner_3.py

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ class TrialRunnerTest3(unittest.TestCase):
         # Block for results even when placement groups are pending
         os.environ["TUNE_TRIAL_STARTUP_GRACE_PERIOD"] = "0"
 
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "auto"  # Reset default
+
         self.tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -114,11 +116,10 @@ class TrialRunnerTest3(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(trials[2].status, Trial.RUNNING)
         self.assertEqual(trials[-1].status, Trial.TERMINATED)
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testSearchAlgNotification(self):
         """Checks notification of trial to the Search Algorithm."""
         os.environ["TUNE_RESULT_BUFFER_LENGTH"] = "1"  # Don't finish early
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
 
         ray.init(num_cpus=4, num_gpus=2)
         experiment_spec = {"run": "__fake", "stop": {"training_iteration": 2}}
@@ -235,10 +236,9 @@ class TrialRunnerTest3(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(search_alg.is_finished())
         self.assertTrue(runner.is_finished())
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testSearchAlgFinishes(self):
         """Empty SearchAlg changing state in `next_trials` does not crash."""
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
 
         class FinishFastAlg(_MockSuggestionAlgorithm):
             _index = 0
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class TrialRunnerTest3(unittest.TestCase):
                 def __init__(self, index):
                     self.index = index
                     self.returned_result = []
-                    super().__init__(metric="result", mode="max")
+                    super().__init__(metric="episode_reward_mean", mode="max")
 
                 def suggest(self, trial_id):
                     self.index += 1
@@ -506,10 +506,10 @@ class TrialRunnerTest3(unittest.TestCase):
         runner2.step()  # Process save
         self.assertRaises(TuneError, runner2.step)
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testTrialNoSave(self):
         """Check that non-checkpointing trials are not saved."""
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
+
         ray.init(num_cpus=3)
 
         runner = TrialRunner(
@@ -635,10 +635,9 @@ class TrialRunnerTest3(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(trial.last_result[TRAINING_ITERATION], 9)
         self.assertEqual(num_checkpoints(trial), 3)
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testUserCheckpoint(self):
         os.environ["TUNE_RESULT_BUFFER_LENGTH"] = "1"  # Don't finish early
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
 
         ray.init(num_cpus=3)
         runner = TrialRunner(

python/ray/tune/tests/test_trial_runner_pg.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import os
 import time
 import numpy as np
 import unittest
-from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import ray
 from ray import tune
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ from ray.rllib import _register_all
 class TrialRunnerPlacementGroupTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         os.environ["TUNE_GLOBAL_CHECKPOINT_S"] = "10000"
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "auto"  # Reset default
         self.head_cpus = 8
         self.head_gpus = 4
         self.head_custom = 16
@@ -154,15 +154,13 @@ class TrialRunnerPlacementGroupTest(unittest.TestCase):
         """Assert that reuse actors doesn't leak placement groups"""
         self.testPlacementGroupRequests(reuse_actors=True)
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 6)
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 6)
     def testPlacementGroupLimitedRequests(self):
         """Assert that maximum number of placement groups is enforced."""
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "6"
         self.testPlacementGroupRequests(scheduled=6)
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 6)
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 6)
     def testPlacementGroupLimitedRequestsWithActorReuse(self):
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "6"
         self.testPlacementGroupRequests(reuse_actors=True, scheduled=6)
 
     def testPlacementGroupDistributedTraining(self, reuse_actors=False):

python/ray/tune/tests/test_tune_restore.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import shutil
 import tempfile
 import time
 import unittest
-from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import skopt
 import numpy as np
@@ -206,9 +205,9 @@ class TuneFailResumeGridTest(unittest.TestCase):
         shutil.rmtree(self.logdir)
         ray.shutdown()
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testFailResumeGridSearch(self):
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
+
         config = dict(
             num_samples=3,
             fail_fast=True,
@@ -237,9 +236,9 @@ class TuneFailResumeGridTest(unittest.TestCase):
         test2_counter = Counter([t.config["test2"] for t in analysis.trials])
         assert all(v == 9 for v in test2_counter.values())
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testFailResumeWithPreset(self):
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
+
         search_alg = BasicVariantGenerator(points_to_evaluate=[{
             "test": -1,
             "test2": -1
@@ -280,9 +279,9 @@ class TuneFailResumeGridTest(unittest.TestCase):
         assert test2_counter.pop(-1) == 4
         assert all(v == 10 for v in test2_counter.values())
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testFailResumeAfterPreset(self):
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
+
         search_alg = BasicVariantGenerator(points_to_evaluate=[{
             "test": -1,
             "test2": -1
@@ -324,9 +323,9 @@ class TuneFailResumeGridTest(unittest.TestCase):
         assert test2_counter.pop(-1) == 4
         assert all(v == 10 for v in test2_counter.values())
 
-    @patch("ray.tune.utils.placement_groups.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
-    @patch("ray.tune.trial_runner.TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1)
     def testMultiExperimentFail(self):
+        os.environ["TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG"] = "1"
+
         experiments = []
         for i in range(3):
             experiments.append(

python/ray/tune/trial_executor.py

@@ -285,3 +285,7 @@ class TrialExecutor:
     def in_staging_grace_period(self) -> bool:
         """Returns True if trials have recently been staged."""
         return False
+
+    def set_max_pending_trials(self, max_pending: int):
+        """Set the maximum number of allowed pending trials."""
+        pass

python/ray/tune/trial_runner.py

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from ray.tune.schedulers import FIFOScheduler, TrialScheduler
 from ray.tune.suggest import BasicVariantGenerator, SearchAlgorithm
 from ray.tune.utils import warn_if_slow, flatten_dict
 from ray.tune.utils.log import Verbosity, has_verbosity
-from ray.tune.utils.placement_groups import TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG
 from ray.tune.utils.serialization import TuneFunctionDecoder, \
     TuneFunctionEncoder
 from ray.tune.web_server import TuneServer
@@ -215,9 +214,18 @@ class TrialRunner:
         self.trial_executor = trial_executor or RayTrialExecutor()
         self._pending_trial_queue_times = {}
 
-        # Setting this to 0 still allows adding one new (pending) trial,
+        # Set the number of maximum pending trials
-        # but it will prevent us from trying to fill the trial list
+        max_pending_trials = os.getenv("TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", "auto")
-        self._max_pending_trials = 0  # Can be updated in `self.add_trial()`
+        if max_pending_trials == "auto":
+            # Auto detect
+            if isinstance(self._search_alg, BasicVariantGenerator):
+                self._max_pending_trials = 1000
+            else:
+                self._max_pending_trials = 1
+        else:
+            # Manual override
+            self._max_pending_trials = int(max_pending_trials)
+        self.trial_executor.set_max_pending_trials(self._max_pending_trials)
 
         self._metric = metric
 
@@ -557,9 +565,6 @@ class TrialRunner:
         Args:
             trial (Trial): Trial to queue.
         """
-        if trial.uses_placement_groups:
-            self._max_pending_trials = TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG
-
         self._trials.append(trial)
         with warn_if_slow("scheduler.on_trial_add"):
             self._scheduler_alg.on_trial_add(self, trial)

python/ray/tune/utils/placement_groups.py

@@ -16,9 +16,36 @@ from ray.util.placement_group import PlacementGroup, get_placement_group, \
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ray.tune.trial import Trial
 
-TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG = int(os.getenv("TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG", 1000))
 TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_REMOVAL_DELAY = 2.
 
+_tune_pg_prefix = None
+
+
+def get_tune_pg_prefix():
+    """Get the tune placement group name prefix.
+
+    This will store the prefix in a global variable so that subsequent runs
+    can use this identifier to clean up placement groups before starting their
+    run.
+
+    Can be overwritten with the ``TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_PREFIX`` env variable.
+    """
+    global _tune_pg_prefix
+
+    if _tune_pg_prefix:
+        return _tune_pg_prefix
+
+    # Else: check env variable
+    env_prefix = os.getenv("TUNE_PLACEMENT_GROUP_PREFIX", "")
+
+    if env_prefix:
+        _tune_pg_prefix = env_prefix
+        return _tune_pg_prefix
+
+    # Else: create and store unique prefix
+    _tune_pg_prefix = f"__tune_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}__"
+    return _tune_pg_prefix
+
 
 class PlacementGroupFactory:
     """Wrapper class that creates placement groups for trials.
@@ -187,7 +214,7 @@ class PlacementGroupManager:
         prefix (str): Prefix for the placement group names that are created.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, prefix: str = "_tune__"):
+    def __init__(self, prefix: str = "__tune__", max_staging: int = 1000):
         self._prefix = prefix
 
         # Sets of staged placement groups by factory
@@ -220,6 +247,11 @@ class PlacementGroupManager:
         self._grace_period = float(
             os.getenv("TUNE_TRIAL_STARTUP_GRACE_PERIOD", 10.))
 
+        self._max_staging = max_staging
+
+    def set_max_staging(self, max_staging: int):
+        self._max_staging = max_staging
+
     def remove_pg(self, pg: PlacementGroup):
         """Schedule placement group for (delayed) removal.
 
@@ -314,7 +346,7 @@ class PlacementGroupManager:
 
     def can_stage(self):
         """Return True if we can stage another placement group."""
-        return len(self._staging_futures) < TUNE_MAX_PENDING_TRIALS_PG
+        return len(self._staging_futures) < self._max_staging
 
     def update_status(self):
         """Update placement group status.