[tune] HyperOpt Support (v2) (#1763)

doc/source/tune.rst

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Features
 
 Ray Tune has the following features:
 
--  Scalable implementations of search algorithms such as `Population Based Training (PBT) <pbt.html>`__, `Median Stopping Rule <hyperband.html#median-stopping-rule>`__, and `HyperBand <hyperband.html>`__.
+-  Scalable implementations of search algorithms such as `Population Based Training (PBT) <pbt.html>`__, `Median Stopping Rule <hyperband.html#median-stopping-rule>`__, Model-Based Optimization (HyperOpt), and `HyperBand <hyperband.html>`__.
 
 -  Integration with visualization tools such as `TensorBoard <https://www.tensorflow.org/get_started/summaries_and_tensorboard>`__, `rllab's VisKit <https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/rllab/latest/rllab.pdf>`__, and a `parallel coordinates visualization <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_coordinates>`__.
 
@@ -94,12 +94,28 @@ You can find the code for Ray Tune `here on GitHub <https://github.com/ray-proje
 Trial Schedulers
 ----------------
 
-By default, Ray Tune schedules trials in serial order with the ``FIFOScheduler`` class. However, you can also specify a custom scheduling algorithm that can early stop trials, perturb parameters, or incorporate suggestions from an external service. Currently implemented trial schedulers include `Population Based Training (PBT) <pbt.html>`__, `Median Stopping Rule <hyperband.html#median-stopping-rule>`__, and `HyperBand <hyperband.html>`__.
+By default, Ray Tune schedules trials in serial order with the ``FIFOScheduler`` class. However, you can also specify a custom scheduling algorithm that can early stop trials, perturb parameters, or incorporate suggestions from an external service. Currently implemented trial schedulers include `Population Based Training (PBT) <pbt.html>`__, `Median Stopping Rule <hyperband.html#median-stopping-rule>`__, Model-Based Optimization (HyperOpt), and `HyperBand <hyperband.html>`__.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
     run_experiments({...}, scheduler=AsyncHyperBandScheduler())
 
+
+HyperOpt Integration
+--------------------
+
+The``HyperOptScheduler`` is a Trial Scheduler that is backed by HyperOpt to perform sequential model-based hyperparameter optimization.
+In order to use this scheduler, you will need to install HyperOpt via the following command:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ pip install --upgrade git+git://github.com/hyperopt/hyperopt.git
+
+An example of this can be found in `hyperopt_example.py <https://github.com/ray-project/ray/blob/master/python/ray/tune/examples/hyperopt_example.py>`__.
+
+.. autoclass:: ray.tune.hpo_scheduler.HyperOptScheduler
+
+
 Visualizing Results
 -------------------
 

docker/examples/Dockerfile

@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ FROM ray-project/deploy
 RUN conda install -y -c conda-forge tensorflow
 RUN apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev
 RUN pip install gym[atari] opencv-python==3.2.0.8 smart_open
+RUN pip install --upgrade git+git://github.com/hyperopt/hyperopt.git
 # RUN conda install -y -q pytorch torchvision -c soumith

python/ray/tune/config_parser.py

@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ def make_parser(**kwargs):
         "many times. Only applies if checkpointing is enabled.")
     parser.add_argument(
         "--scheduler", default="FIFO", type=str,
-        help="FIFO (default), MedianStopping, AsyncHyperBand, or HyperBand.")
+        help="FIFO (default), MedianStopping, AsyncHyperBand,"
+             "HyperBand, or HyperOpt.")
     parser.add_argument(
         "--scheduler-config", default="{}", type=json.loads,
         help="Config options to pass to the scheduler.")

python/ray/tune/examples/hyperopt_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import ray
+from ray.tune import run_experiments, register_trainable
+from ray.tune.hpo_scheduler import HyperOptScheduler
+
+
+def easy_objective(config, reporter):
+    import time
+    time.sleep(0.2)
+    reporter(
+        timesteps_total=1,
+        episode_reward_mean=-((config["height"]-14) ** 2
+                              + abs(config["width"]-3)))
+    time.sleep(0.2)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import argparse
+    from hyperopt import hp
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--smoke-test", action="store_true", help="Finish quickly for testing")
+    args, _ = parser.parse_known_args()
+    ray.init(redirect_output=True)
+
+    register_trainable("exp", easy_objective)
+
+    space = {
+        'width': hp.uniform('width', 0, 20),
+        'height': hp.uniform('height', -100, 100),
+    }
+
+    config = {"my_exp": {
+            "run": "exp",
+            "repeat": 5 if args.smoke_test else 1000,
+            "stop": {"training_iteration": 1},
+            "config": {
+                "space": space}}}
+    hpo_sched = HyperOptScheduler()
+
+    run_experiments(config, verbose=False, scheduler=hpo_sched)

python/ray/tune/experiment.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-from ray.tune.variant_generator import generate_trials
 from ray.tune.result import DEFAULT_RESULTS_DIR
+from ray.tune.error import TuneError
 
 
 class Experiment(object):
@@ -49,8 +49,21 @@ class Experiment(object):
             "checkpoint_freq": checkpoint_freq,
             "max_failures": max_failures
         }
-        self._trials = generate_trials(spec, name)
 
-    def trials(self):
+        self.name = name
-        for trial in self._trials:
+        self.spec = spec
-            yield trial
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, name, spec):
+        """Generates an Experiment object from JSON.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): Name of Experiment.
+            spec (dict): JSON configuration of experiment.
+        """
+        if "run" not in spec:
+            raise TuneError("No trainable specified!")
+        exp = cls(name, spec["run"])
+        exp.name = name
+        exp.spec = spec
+        return exp

python/ray/tune/hpo_scheduler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import os
+import copy
+import numpy as np
+try:
+    import hyperopt as hpo
+except Exception as e:
+    hpo = None
+
+from ray.tune.trial import Trial
+from ray.tune.error import TuneError
+from ray.tune.trial_scheduler import TrialScheduler, FIFOScheduler
+from ray.tune.config_parser import make_parser
+from ray.tune.variant_generator import to_argv
+
+
+class HyperOptScheduler(FIFOScheduler):
+    """FIFOScheduler that uses HyperOpt to provide trial suggestions.
+
+    Requires HyperOpt to be installed via source.
+    Uses the Tree-structured Parzen Estimators algorithm. Externally added
+    trials will not be tracked by HyperOpt. Also,
+    variant generation will be limited, as the hyperparameter configuration
+    must be specified using HyperOpt primitives.
+
+    Parameters:
+        max_concurrent (int | None): Number of maximum concurrent trials.
+            If None, then trials will be queued only if resources
+            are available.
+        reward_attr (str): The TrainingResult objective value attribute.
+            This refers to an increasing value, which is internally negated
+            when interacting with HyperOpt. Suggestion procedures
+            will use this attribute.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> space = {'param': hp.uniform('param', 0, 20)}
+        >>> config = {"my_exp": {
+                          "run": "exp",
+                          "repeat": 5,
+                          "config": {"space": space}}}
+        >>> run_experiments(config, scheduler=HyperOptScheduler())
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, max_concurrent=None, reward_attr="episode_reward_mean"):
+        assert hpo is not None, "HyperOpt must be installed!"
+        assert type(max_concurrent) in [type(None), int]
+        if type(max_concurrent) is int:
+            assert max_concurrent > 0
+        self._max_concurrent = max_concurrent  # NOTE: this is modified later
+        self._reward_attr = reward_attr
+        self._experiment = None
+
+    def add_experiment(self, experiment, trial_runner):
+        """Tracks one experiment.
+
+        Will error if one tries to track multiple experiments.
+        """
+        assert self._experiment is None, "HyperOpt only tracks one experiment!"
+        self._experiment = experiment
+
+        self._output_path = experiment.name
+        spec = copy.deepcopy(experiment.spec)
+
+        # Set Scheduler field, as Tune Parser will default to FIFO
+        assert spec.get("scheduler") in [None, "HyperOpt"], "Incorrectly " \
+            "specified scheduler!"
+        spec["scheduler"] = "HyperOpt"
+
+        if "env" in spec:
+            spec["config"] = spec.get("config", {})
+            spec["config"]["env"] = spec["env"]
+            del spec["env"]
+
+        space = spec["config"]["space"]
+        del spec["config"]["space"]
+
+        self.parser = make_parser()
+        self.args = self.parser.parse_args(to_argv(spec))
+        self.args.scheduler = "HyperOpt"
+        self.default_config = copy.deepcopy(spec["config"])
+
+        self.algo = hpo.tpe.suggest
+        self.domain = hpo.Domain(lambda spc: spc, space)
+        self._hpopt_trials = hpo.Trials()
+        self._tune_to_hp = {}
+        self._num_trials_left = self.args.repeat
+
+        if type(self._max_concurrent) is int:
+            self._max_concurrent = min(self._max_concurrent, self.args.repeat)
+
+        self.rstate = np.random.RandomState()
+        self.trial_generator = self._trial_generator()
+        self._add_new_trials_if_needed(trial_runner)
+
+    def _trial_generator(self):
+        while self._num_trials_left > 0:
+            new_cfg = copy.deepcopy(self.default_config)
+            new_ids = self._hpopt_trials.new_trial_ids(1)
+            self._hpopt_trials.refresh()
+
+            # Get new suggestion from
+            new_trials = self.algo(
+                new_ids, self.domain, self._hpopt_trials,
+                self.rstate.randint(2 ** 31 - 1))
+            self._hpopt_trials.insert_trial_docs(new_trials)
+            self._hpopt_trials.refresh()
+            new_trial = new_trials[0]
+            new_trial_id = new_trial["tid"]
+            suggested_config = hpo.base.spec_from_misc(new_trial["misc"])
+            new_cfg.update(suggested_config)
+
+            kv_str = "_".join(["{}={}".format(k, str(v)[:5])
+                               for k, v in sorted(suggested_config.items())])
+            experiment_tag = "{}_{}".format(new_trial_id, kv_str)
+
+            # Keep this consistent with tune.variant_generator
+            trial = Trial(
+                trainable_name=self.args.run,
+                config=new_cfg,
+                local_dir=os.path.join(self.args.local_dir, self._output_path),
+                experiment_tag=experiment_tag,
+                resources=self.args.trial_resources,
+                stopping_criterion=self.args.stop,
+                checkpoint_freq=self.args.checkpoint_freq,
+                restore_path=self.args.restore,
+                upload_dir=self.args.upload_dir,
+                max_failures=self.args.max_failures)
+
+            self._tune_to_hp[trial] = new_trial_id
+            self._num_trials_left -= 1
+            yield trial
+
+    def on_trial_result(self, trial_runner, trial, result):
+        ho_trial = self._get_hyperopt_trial(self._tune_to_hp[trial])
+        now = hpo.utils.coarse_utcnow()
+        ho_trial['book_time'] = now
+        ho_trial['refresh_time'] = now
+        return TrialScheduler.CONTINUE
+
+    def on_trial_error(self, trial_runner, trial):
+        ho_trial = self._get_hyperopt_trial(self._tune_to_hp[trial])
+        ho_trial['refresh_time'] = hpo.utils.coarse_utcnow()
+        ho_trial['state'] = hpo.base.JOB_STATE_ERROR
+        ho_trial['misc']['error'] = (str(TuneError), "Tune Error")
+        self._hpopt_trials.refresh()
+        del self._tune_to_hp[trial]
+
+    def on_trial_remove(self, trial_runner, trial):
+        ho_trial = self._get_hyperopt_trial(self._tune_to_hp[trial])
+        ho_trial['refresh_time'] = hpo.utils.coarse_utcnow()
+        ho_trial['state'] = hpo.base.JOB_STATE_ERROR
+        ho_trial['misc']['error'] = (str(TuneError), "Tune Removed")
+        self._hpopt_trials.refresh()
+        del self._tune_to_hp[trial]
+
+    def on_trial_complete(self, trial_runner, trial, result):
+        ho_trial = self._get_hyperopt_trial(self._tune_to_hp[trial])
+        ho_trial['refresh_time'] = hpo.utils.coarse_utcnow()
+        ho_trial['state'] = hpo.base.JOB_STATE_DONE
+        hp_result = self._to_hyperopt_result(result)
+        ho_trial['result'] = hp_result
+        self._hpopt_trials.refresh()
+        del self._tune_to_hp[trial]
+
+    def _to_hyperopt_result(self, result):
+        return {"loss": -getattr(result, self._reward_attr),
+                "status": "ok"}
+
+    def _get_hyperopt_trial(self, tid):
+        return [t for t in self._hpopt_trials.trials if t["tid"] == tid][0]
+
+    def choose_trial_to_run(self, trial_runner):
+        self._add_new_trials_if_needed(trial_runner)
+        return FIFOScheduler.choose_trial_to_run(self, trial_runner)
+
+    def _add_new_trials_if_needed(self, trial_runner):
+        """Checks if there is a next trial ready to be queued.
+
+        This is determined by tracking the number of concurrent
+        experiments and trials left to run. If self._max_concurrent is None,
+        scheduler will add new trial if there is none that are pending.
+        """
+        pending = [t for t in trial_runner.get_trials()
+                   if t.status == Trial.PENDING]
+        if self._num_trials_left <= 0:
+            return
+        if self._max_concurrent is None:
+            if not pending:
+                trial_runner.add_trial(next(self.trial_generator))
+        else:
+            while self._num_live_trials() < self._max_concurrent:
+                try:
+                    trial_runner.add_trial(next(self.trial_generator))
+                except StopIteration:
+                    break
+
+    def _num_live_trials(self):
+        return len(self._tune_to_hp)

python/ray/tune/test/trial_runner_test.py

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ class TrainableFunctionApiTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def testBadParams2(self):
         def f():
             run_experiments({"foo": {
+                "run": "asdf",
                 "bah": "this param is not allowed",
             }})
         self.assertRaises(TuneError, f)

python/ray/tune/test/trial_scheduler_test.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function

python/ray/tune/trial.py

@@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ class Trial(object):
     def update_last_result(self, result, terminate=False):
         if terminate:
             result = result._replace(done=True)
-        if terminate or (
+        if self.verbose and (
-                self.verbose and
+                terminate or
                 time.time() - self.last_debug > DEBUG_PRINT_INTERVAL):
             print("TrainingResult for {}:".format(self))
             print("  {}".format(pretty_print(result).replace("\n", "\n  ")))

python/ray/tune/trial_runner.py

@@ -40,13 +40,16 @@ class TrialRunner(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, scheduler=None, launch_web_server=False,
-                 server_port=TuneServer.DEFAULT_PORT):
+                 server_port=TuneServer.DEFAULT_PORT, verbose=True):
         """Initializes a new TrialRunner.
 
         Args:
             scheduler (TrialScheduler): Defaults to FIFOScheduler.
             launch_web_server (bool): Flag for starting TuneServer
-            server_port (int): Port number for launching TuneServer"""
+            server_port (int): Port number for launching TuneServer
+            verbose (bool): Flag for verbosity. If False, trial results
+                will not be output.
+        """
 
         self._scheduler_alg = scheduler or FIFOScheduler()
         self._trials = []
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ class TrialRunner(object):
         if launch_web_server:
             self._server = TuneServer(self, server_port)
         self._stop_queue = []
+        self._verbose = verbose
 
     def is_finished(self):
         """Returns whether all trials have finished running."""
@@ -85,8 +89,9 @@ class TrialRunner(object):
         Callers should typically run this method repeatedly in a loop. They
         may inspect or modify the runner's state in between calls to step().
         """
-        if self._can_launch_more():
+        next_trial = self._get_next_trial()
-            self._launch_trial()
+        if next_trial is not None:
+            self._launch_trial(next_trial)
         elif self._running:
             self._process_events()
         else:
@@ -127,7 +132,11 @@ class TrialRunner(object):
         """Adds a new trial to this TrialRunner.
 
         Trials may be added at any time.
+
+        Args:
+            trial (Trial): Trial to queue.
         """
+        trial.set_verbose(self._verbose)
         self._scheduler_alg.on_trial_add(self, trial)
         self._trials.append(trial)
 
@@ -185,13 +194,12 @@ class TrialRunner(object):
             resources.cpu_total() <= cpu_avail and
             resources.gpu_total() <= gpu_avail)
 
-    def _can_launch_more(self):
+    def _get_next_trial(self):
         self._update_avail_resources()
-        trial = self._get_runnable()
+        trial = self._scheduler_alg.choose_trial_to_run(self)
-        return trial is not None
+        return trial
 
-    def _launch_trial(self, custom_trial=None):
+    def _launch_trial(self, trial):
-        trial = custom_trial or self._get_runnable()
         self._commit_resources(trial.resources)
         try:
             trial.start()
@@ -219,6 +227,7 @@ class TrialRunner(object):
             self._total_time += result.time_this_iter_s
 
             if trial.should_stop(result):
+                # Hook into scheduler
                 self._scheduler_alg.on_trial_complete(self, trial, result)
                 decision = TrialScheduler.STOP
             else:
@@ -262,9 +271,6 @@ class TrialRunner(object):
             print("Error recovering trial from checkpoint, abort:", error_msg)
             self._stop_trial(trial, error=True, error_msg=error_msg)
 
-    def _get_runnable(self):
-        return self._scheduler_alg.choose_trial_to_run(self)
-
     def _commit_resources(self, resources):
         self._committed_resources = Resources(
             self._committed_resources.cpu + resources.cpu_total(),

python/ray/tune/trial_scheduler.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 
 from ray.tune.trial import Trial
+from ray.tune.variant_generator import generate_trials
 
 
 class TrialScheduler(object):
@@ -47,11 +48,28 @@ class TrialScheduler(object):
 
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def choose_trial_to_run(self, trial_runner, trials):
+    def add_experiment(self, experiment, trial_runner):
+        """Adds an experiment to the scheduler.
+
+        The scheduler is responsible for adding the trials of the experiment
+        to the runner, which can be done immediately (if there are a finite
+        set of trials), or over time (if there is an infinite stream of trials
+        or if the scheduler is iterative in nature).
+        """
+        generator = generate_trials(experiment.spec, experiment.name)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                trial_runner.add_trial(next(generator))
+            except StopIteration:
+                break
+
+    def choose_trial_to_run(self, trial_runner):
         """Called to choose a new trial to run.
 
         This should return one of the trials in trial_runner that is in
-        the PENDING or PAUSED state."""
+        the PENDING or PAUSED state. This function must be idempotent.
+
+        If no trial is ready, return None."""
 
         raise NotImplementedError
 

python/ray/tune/tune.py

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 import time
 
-from ray.tune import TuneError
+from ray.tune.error import TuneError
 from ray.tune.hyperband import HyperBandScheduler
 from ray.tune.async_hyperband import AsyncHyperBandScheduler
 from ray.tune.median_stopping_rule import MedianStoppingRule
+from ray.tune.hpo_scheduler import HyperOptScheduler
 from ray.tune.trial import Trial, DEBUG_PRINT_INTERVAL
 from ray.tune.log_sync import wait_for_log_sync
 from ray.tune.trial_runner import TrialRunner
 from ray.tune.trial_scheduler import FIFOScheduler
 from ray.tune.web_server import TuneServer
-from ray.tune.variant_generator import generate_trials
 from ray.tune.experiment import Experiment
 
 
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ _SCHEDULERS = {
     "MedianStopping": MedianStoppingRule,
     "HyperBand": HyperBandScheduler,
     "AsyncHyperBand": AsyncHyperBandScheduler,
+    "HyperOpt": HyperOptScheduler,
 }
 
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ def run_experiments(experiments, scheduler=None, with_server=False,
         experiments (Experiment | list | dict): Experiments to run.
         scheduler (TrialScheduler): Scheduler for executing
             the experiment. Choose among FIFO (default), MedianStopping,
-            AsyncHyperBand, or HyperBand.
+            AsyncHyperBand, HyperBand, or HyperOpt.
         with_server (bool): Starts a background Tune server. Needed for
             using the Client API.
         server_port (int): Port number for launching TuneServer.
@@ -53,23 +54,21 @@ def run_experiments(experiments, scheduler=None, with_server=False,
         scheduler = FIFOScheduler()
 
     runner = TrialRunner(
-        scheduler, launch_web_server=with_server, server_port=server_port)
+        scheduler, launch_web_server=with_server, server_port=server_port,
+        verbose=verbose)
+    exp_list = experiments
+    if isinstance(experiments, Experiment):
+        exp_list = [experiments]
+    elif type(experiments) is dict:
+        exp_list = [Experiment.from_json(name, spec)
+                    for name, spec in experiments.items()]
 
-    if type(experiments) is dict:
+    if (type(exp_list) is list and
-        for name, spec in experiments.items():
+            all(isinstance(exp, Experiment) for exp in exp_list)):
-            for trial in generate_trials(spec, name):
+        for experiment in exp_list:
-                trial.set_verbose(verbose)
+            scheduler.add_experiment(experiment, runner)
-                runner.add_trial(trial)
+    else:
-    elif (type(experiments) is list and
+        raise TuneError("Invalid argument: {}".format(experiments))
-          all(isinstance(exp, Experiment) for exp in experiments)):
-        for experiment in experiments:
-            for trial in experiment.trials():
-                trial.set_verbose(verbose)
-                runner.add_trial(trial)
-    elif isinstance(experiments, Experiment):
-        for trial in experiments.trials():
-            trial.set_verbose(verbose)
-            runner.add_trial(trial)
 
     print(runner.debug_string(max_debug=99999))
 

test/jenkins_tests/run_multi_node_tests.sh

@@ -214,6 +214,10 @@ docker run --rm --shm-size=10G --memory=10G $DOCKER_SHA \
     python /ray/python/ray/tune/examples/tune_mnist_async_hyperband.py \
     --smoke-test
 
+docker run --rm --shm-size=10G --memory=10G $DOCKER_SHA \
+    python /ray/python/ray/tune/examples/hyperopt_example.py \
+    --smoke-test
+
 docker run --rm --shm-size=10G --memory=10G $DOCKER_SHA \
     python /ray/python/ray/rllib/examples/multiagent_mountaincar.py