[CI] Format Python code with Black (#21975)

See #21316 and #21311 for the motivation behind these changes.

.buildkite/copy_files.py

@@ -39,14 +39,16 @@ def perform_auth():
     resp = requests.get(
         "https://vop4ss7n22.execute-api.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/endpoint/",
         auth=auth,
-        params={"job_id": os.environ["BUILDKITE_JOB_ID"]})
+        params={"job_id": os.environ["BUILDKITE_JOB_ID"]},
+    )
     return resp
 
 
 def handle_docker_login(resp):
     pwd = resp.json()["docker_password"]
     subprocess.call(
-        ["docker", "login", "--username", "raytravisbot", "--password", pwd])
+        ["docker", "login", "--username", "raytravisbot", "--password", pwd]
+    )
 
 
 def gather_paths(dir_path) -> List[str]:
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ def upload_paths(paths, resp, destination):
             "branch_wheels": f"{branch}/{sha}/{fn}",
             "jars": f"jars/latest/{current_os}/{fn}",
             "branch_jars": f"jars/{branch}/{sha}/{current_os}/{fn}",
-            "logs": f"bazel_events/{branch}/{sha}/{bk_job_id}/{fn}"
+            "logs": f"bazel_events/{branch}/{sha}/{bk_job_id}/{fn}",
         }[destination]
         of["file"] = open(path, "rb")
         r = requests.post(c["url"], files=of)
@@ -95,14 +97,19 @@ def upload_paths(paths, resp, destination):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Helper script to upload files to S3 bucket")
+        description="Helper script to upload files to S3 bucket"
+    )
     parser.add_argument("--path", type=str, required=False)
     parser.add_argument("--destination", type=str)
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     assert args.destination in {
-        "branch_jars", "branch_wheels", "jars", "logs", "wheels",
-        "docker_login"
+        "branch_jars",
+        "branch_wheels",
+        "jars",
+        "logs",
+        "wheels",
+        "docker_login",
     }
     assert "BUILDKITE_JOB_ID" in os.environ
     assert "BUILDKITE_COMMIT" in os.environ

benchmarks/distributed/test_many_actors.py

@@ -51,8 +51,10 @@ del monitor_actor
 test_utils.wait_for_condition(no_resource_leaks)
 
 rate = MAX_ACTORS_IN_CLUSTER / (end_time - start_time)
-print(f"Success! Started {MAX_ACTORS_IN_CLUSTER} actors in "
-      f"{end_time - start_time}s. ({rate} actors/s)")
+print(
+    f"Success! Started {MAX_ACTORS_IN_CLUSTER} actors in "
+    f"{end_time - start_time}s. ({rate} actors/s)"
+)
 
 if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
     out_file = open(os.environ["TEST_OUTPUT_JSON"], "w")
@@ -62,6 +64,6 @@ if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
         "time": end_time - start_time,
         "success": "1",
         "_peak_memory": round(used_gb, 2),
-        "_peak_process_memory": usage
+        "_peak_process_memory": usage,
     }
     json.dump(results, out_file)

benchmarks/distributed/test_many_pgs.py

@@ -77,8 +77,10 @@ del monitor_actor
 test_utils.wait_for_condition(no_resource_leaks)
 
 rate = MAX_PLACEMENT_GROUPS / (end_time - start_time)
-print(f"Success! Started {MAX_PLACEMENT_GROUPS} pgs in "
-      f"{end_time - start_time}s. ({rate} pgs/s)")
+print(
+    f"Success! Started {MAX_PLACEMENT_GROUPS} pgs in "
+    f"{end_time - start_time}s. ({rate} pgs/s)"
+)
 
 if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
     out_file = open(os.environ["TEST_OUTPUT_JSON"], "w")
@@ -88,6 +90,6 @@ if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
         "time": end_time - start_time,
         "success": "1",
         "_peak_memory": round(used_gb, 2),
-        "_peak_process_memory": usage
+        "_peak_process_memory": usage,
     }
     json.dump(results, out_file)

benchmarks/distributed/test_many_tasks.py

@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ def test_max_running_tasks(num_tasks):
     def task():
         time.sleep(sleep_time)
 
-    refs = [
-        task.remote() for _ in tqdm.trange(num_tasks, desc="Launching tasks")
-    ]
+    refs = [task.remote() for _ in tqdm.trange(num_tasks, desc="Launching tasks")]
 
     max_cpus = ray.cluster_resources()["CPU"]
     min_cpus_available = max_cpus
@@ -48,8 +46,7 @@ def no_resource_leaks():
 
 
 @click.command()
-@click.option(
-    "--num-tasks", required=True, type=int, help="Number of tasks to launch.")
+@click.option("--num-tasks", required=True, type=int, help="Number of tasks to launch.")
 def test(num_tasks):
     ray.init(address="auto")
 
@@ -66,8 +63,10 @@ def test(num_tasks):
     test_utils.wait_for_condition(no_resource_leaks)
 
     rate = num_tasks / (end_time - start_time - sleep_time)
-    print(f"Success! Started {num_tasks} tasks in {end_time - start_time}s. "
-          f"({rate} tasks/s)")
+    print(
+        f"Success! Started {num_tasks} tasks in {end_time - start_time}s. "
+        f"({rate} tasks/s)"
+    )
 
     if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
         out_file = open(os.environ["TEST_OUTPUT_JSON"], "w")
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ def test(num_tasks):
             "time": end_time - start_time,
             "success": "1",
             "_peak_memory": round(used_gb, 2),
-            "_peak_process_memory": usage
+            "_peak_process_memory": usage,
         }
         json.dump(results, out_file)
 

benchmarks/distributed/test_scheduling.py

@@ -25,10 +25,12 @@ class SimpleActor:
 
 
 def start_tasks(num_task, num_cpu_per_task, task_duration):
-    ray.get([
-        simple_task.options(num_cpus=num_cpu_per_task).remote(task_duration)
-        for _ in range(num_task)
-    ])
+    ray.get(
+        [
+            simple_task.options(num_cpus=num_cpu_per_task).remote(task_duration)
+            for _ in range(num_task)
+        ]
+    )
 
 
 def measure(f):
@@ -40,13 +42,16 @@ def measure(f):
 
 def start_actor(num_actors, num_actors_per_nodes, job):
     resources = {"node": floor(1.0 / num_actors_per_nodes)}
-    submission_cost, actors = measure(lambda: [
-        SimpleActor.options(resources=resources, num_cpus=0).remote(job)
-        for _ in range(num_actors)])
-    ready_cost, _ = measure(
-        lambda: ray.get([actor.ready.remote() for actor in actors]))
+    submission_cost, actors = measure(
+        lambda: [
+            SimpleActor.options(resources=resources, num_cpus=0).remote(job)
+            for _ in range(num_actors)
+        ]
+    )
+    ready_cost, _ = measure(lambda: ray.get([actor.ready.remote() for actor in actors]))
     actor_job_cost, _ = measure(
-        lambda: ray.get([actor.do_job.remote() for actor in actors]))
+        lambda: ray.get([actor.do_job.remote() for actor in actors])
+    )
     return (submission_cost, ready_cost, actor_job_cost)
 
 
@@ -54,33 +59,32 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="Test Scheduling")
     # Task workloads
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--total-num-task",
-        type=int,
-        help="Total number of tasks.",
-        required=False)
+        "--total-num-task", type=int, help="Total number of tasks.", required=False
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--num-cpu-per-task",
         type=int,
         help="Resources needed for tasks.",
-        required=False)
+        required=False,
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--task-duration-s",
         type=int,
         help="How long does each task execute.",
         required=False,
-        default=1)
+        default=1,
+    )
 
     # Actor workloads
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--total-num-actors",
-        type=int,
-        help="Total number of actors.",
-        required=True)
+        "--total-num-actors", type=int, help="Total number of actors.", required=True
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--num-actors-per-nodes",
         type=int,
         help="How many actors to allocate for each nodes.",
-        required=True)
+        required=True,
+    )
 
     ray.init(address="auto")
 
@@ -92,13 +96,14 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     job = None
     if args.total_num_task is not None:
         if args.num_cpu_per_task is None:
-            args.num_cpu_per_task = floor(
-                1.0 * total_cpus / args.total_num_task)
+            args.num_cpu_per_task = floor(1.0 * total_cpus / args.total_num_task)
         job = lambda: start_tasks(  # noqa: E731
-            args.total_num_task, args.num_cpu_per_task, args.task_duration_s)
+            args.total_num_task, args.num_cpu_per_task, args.task_duration_s
+        )
 
     submission_cost, ready_cost, actor_job_cost = start_actor(
-        args.total_num_actors, args.num_actors_per_nodes, job)
+        args.total_num_actors, args.num_actors_per_nodes, job
+    )
 
     output = os.environ.get("TEST_OUTPUT_JSON")
 
@@ -118,6 +123,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     if output is not None:
         from pathlib import Path
+
         p = Path(output)
         p.write_text(json.dumps(result))
 

benchmarks/distributed/wait_cluster.py

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ def num_alive_nodes():
 
 
 @click.command()
-@click.option(
-    "--num-nodes", required=True, type=int, help="The target number of nodes")
+@click.option("--num-nodes", required=True, type=int, help="The target number of nodes")
 def wait_cluster(num_nodes: int):
     ray.init(address="auto")
     while num_alive_nodes() != num_nodes:

benchmarks/object_store/test_object_store.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from time import perf_counter
 from tqdm import tqdm
 
 NUM_NODES = 50
-OBJECT_SIZE = 2**30
+OBJECT_SIZE = 2 ** 30
 
 
 def num_alive_nodes():
@@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
         "broadcast_time": end - start,
         "object_size": OBJECT_SIZE,
         "num_nodes": NUM_NODES,
-        "success": "1"
+        "success": "1",
     }
     json.dump(results, out_file)

benchmarks/single_node/test_single_node.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ MAX_ARGS = 10000
 MAX_RETURNS = 3000
 MAX_RAY_GET_ARGS = 10000
 MAX_QUEUED_TASKS = 1_000_000
-MAX_RAY_GET_SIZE = 100 * 2**30
+MAX_RAY_GET_SIZE = 100 * 2 ** 30
 
 
 def assert_no_leaks():
@@ -189,8 +189,7 @@ print(f"Many args time: {args_time} ({MAX_ARGS} args)")
 print(f"Many returns time: {returns_time} ({MAX_RETURNS} returns)")
 print(f"Ray.get time: {get_time} ({MAX_RAY_GET_ARGS} args)")
 print(f"Queued task time: {queued_time} ({MAX_QUEUED_TASKS} tasks)")
-print(f"Ray.get large object time: {large_object_time} "
-      f"({MAX_RAY_GET_SIZE} bytes)")
+print(f"Ray.get large object time: {large_object_time} " f"({MAX_RAY_GET_SIZE} bytes)")
 
 if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
     out_file = open(os.environ["TEST_OUTPUT_JSON"], "w")
@@ -205,6 +204,6 @@ if "TEST_OUTPUT_JSON" in os.environ:
         "num_queued": MAX_QUEUED_TASKS,
         "large_object_time": large_object_time,
         "large_object_size": MAX_RAY_GET_SIZE,
-        "success": "1"
+        "success": "1",
     }
     json.dump(results, out_file)

ci/remote-watch.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def get_remote_url(remote):
 
 def replace_suffix(base, old_suffix, new_suffix=""):
     if base.endswith(old_suffix):
-        base = base[:len(base) - len(old_suffix)] + new_suffix
+        base = base[: len(base) - len(old_suffix)] + new_suffix
     return base
 
 
@@ -199,12 +199,21 @@ def monitor():
     expected_line = "{}\t{}".format(expected_sha, ref)
 
     if should_keep_alive(git("show", "-s", "--format=%B", "HEAD^-")):
-        logger.info("Not monitoring %s on %s due to keep-alive on: %s", ref,
-                    remote, expected_line)
+        logger.info(
+            "Not monitoring %s on %s due to keep-alive on: %s",
+            ref,
+            remote,
+            expected_line,
+        )
         return
 
-    logger.info("Monitoring %s (%s) for changes in %s: %s", remote,
-                get_remote_url(remote), ref, expected_line)
+    logger.info(
+        "Monitoring %s (%s) for changes in %s: %s",
+        remote,
+        get_remote_url(remote),
+        ref,
+        expected_line,
+    )
 
     for to_wait in yield_poll_schedule():
         time.sleep(to_wait)
@@ -217,12 +226,21 @@ def monitor():
             status = ex.returncode
 
         if status == 2:
-            logger.info("Terminating job as %s has been deleted on %s: %s",
-                        ref, remote, expected_line)
+            logger.info(
+                "Terminating job as %s has been deleted on %s: %s",
+                ref,
+                remote,
+                expected_line,
+            )
             break
         elif status != 0:
-            logger.error("Error %d: unable to check %s on %s: %s", status, ref,
-                         remote, expected_line)
+            logger.error(
+                "Error %d: unable to check %s on %s: %s",
+                status,
+                ref,
+                remote,
+                expected_line,
+            )
         else:
             prev = expected_line
             expected_line = detect_spurious_commit(line, expected_line, remote)
@@ -230,14 +248,24 @@ def monitor():
                 logger.info(
                     "Terminating job as %s has been updated on %s\n"
                     "    from:\t%s\n"
-                    "    to:  \t%s", ref, remote, expected_line, line)
+                    "    to:  \t%s",
+                    ref,
+                    remote,
+                    expected_line,
+                    line,
+                )
                 time.sleep(1)  # wait for CI to flush output
                 break
             if expected_line != prev:
                 logger.info(
                     "%s appeared to spuriously change on %s\n"
                     "    from:\t%s\n"
-                    "    to:  \t%s", ref, remote, prev, expected_line)
+                    "    to:  \t%s",
+                    ref,
+                    remote,
+                    prev,
+                    expected_line,
+                )
 
     return terminate_my_process_group()
 
@@ -259,9 +287,8 @@ def main(program, *args):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     logging.basicConfig(
-        format="%(levelname)s: %(message)s",
-        stream=sys.stderr,
-        level=logging.DEBUG)
+        format="%(levelname)s: %(message)s", stream=sys.stderr, level=logging.DEBUG
+    )
     try:
         raise SystemExit(main(*sys.argv) or 0)
     except KeyboardInterrupt:

ci/repro-ci.py

@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ def maybe_fetch_buildkite_token():
             "secretsmanager", region_name="us-west-2"
         ).get_secret_value(
             SecretId="arn:aws:secretsmanager:us-west-2:029272617770:secret:"
-            "buildkite/ro-token")["SecretString"]
+            "buildkite/ro-token"
+        )[
+            "SecretString"
+        ]
 
 
 def escape(v: Any):
@@ -85,26 +88,26 @@ def env_str(env: Dict[str, Any]):
 
 def script_str(v: Any):
     if isinstance(v, bool):
-        return f"\"{int(v)}\""
+        return f'"{int(v)}"'
     elif isinstance(v, Number):
-        return f"\"{v}\""
+        return f'"{v}"'
     elif isinstance(v, list):
-        return "(" + " ".join(f"\"{shlex.quote(w)}\"" for w in v) + ")"
+        return "(" + " ".join(f'"{shlex.quote(w)}"' for w in v) + ")"
     else:
-        return f"\"{shlex.quote(v)}\""
+        return f'"{shlex.quote(v)}"'
 
 
 class ReproSession:
     plugin_default_env = {
-        "docker": {
-            "BUILDKITE_PLUGIN_DOCKER_MOUNT_BUILDKITE_AGENT": False
-        }
+        "docker": {"BUILDKITE_PLUGIN_DOCKER_MOUNT_BUILDKITE_AGENT": False}
     }
 
-    def __init__(self,
-                 buildkite_token: str,
-                 instance_name: Optional[str] = None,
-                 logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        buildkite_token: str,
+        instance_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None,
+    ):
         self.logger = logger or logging.getLogger(self.__class__.__name__)
 
         self.bk = Buildkite()
@@ -139,12 +142,15 @@ class ReproSession:
         # https://buildkite.com/ray-project/ray-builders-pr/
         # builds/19635#55a0d71a-831e-4f68-b668-2b10c6f65ee6
         pattern = re.compile(
-            "https://buildkite.com/([^/]+)/([^/]+)/builds/([0-9]+)#(.+)")
+            "https://buildkite.com/([^/]+)/([^/]+)/builds/([0-9]+)#(.+)"
+        )
         org, pipeline, build_id, job_id = pattern.match(session_url).groups()
 
-        self.logger.debug(f"Parsed session URL: {session_url}. "
-                          f"Got org='{org}', pipeline='{pipeline}', "
-                          f"build_id='{build_id}', job_id='{job_id}'.")
+        self.logger.debug(
+            f"Parsed session URL: {session_url}. "
+            f"Got org='{org}', pipeline='{pipeline}', "
+            f"build_id='{build_id}', job_id='{job_id}'."
+        )
 
         self.org = org
         self.pipeline = pipeline
@@ -155,7 +161,8 @@ class ReproSession:
         assert self.bk
 
         self.env = self.bk.jobs().get_job_environment_variables(
-            self.org, self.pipeline, self.build_id, self.job_id)["env"]
+            self.org, self.pipeline, self.build_id, self.job_id
+        )["env"]
 
         if overwrite:
             self.env.update(overwrite)
@@ -166,33 +173,30 @@ class ReproSession:
         assert self.env
 
         if not self.aws_instance_name:
-            self.aws_instance_name = (
-                f"repro_ci_{self.build_id}_{self.job_id[:8]}")
+            self.aws_instance_name = f"repro_ci_{self.build_id}_{self.job_id[:8]}"
             self.logger.info(
-                f"No instance name provided, using {self.aws_instance_name}")
+                f"No instance name provided, using {self.aws_instance_name}"
+            )
 
         instance_type = self.env["BUILDKITE_AGENT_META_DATA_AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE"]
         instance_ami = self.env["BUILDKITE_AGENT_META_DATA_AWS_AMI_ID"]
         instance_sg = "sg-0ccfca2ef191c04ae"
-        instance_block_device_mappings = [{
-            "DeviceName": "/dev/xvda",
-            "Ebs": {
-                "VolumeSize": 500
-            }
-        }]
+        instance_block_device_mappings = [
+            {"DeviceName": "/dev/xvda", "Ebs": {"VolumeSize": 500}}
+        ]
 
         # Check if instance exists:
-        running_instances = self.ec2_resource.instances.filter(Filters=[{
-            "Name": "tag:repro_name",
-            "Values": [self.aws_instance_name]
-        }, {
-            "Name": "instance-state-name",
-            "Values": ["running"]
-        }])
+        running_instances = self.ec2_resource.instances.filter(
+            Filters=[
+                {"Name": "tag:repro_name", "Values": [self.aws_instance_name]},
+                {"Name": "instance-state-name", "Values": ["running"]},
+            ]
+        )
 
         self.logger.info(
             f"Check if instance with name {self.aws_instance_name} "
-            f"already exists...")
+            f"already exists..."
+        )
 
         for instance in running_instances:
             self.aws_instance_id = instance.id
@@ -201,8 +205,8 @@ class ReproSession:
             return
 
         self.logger.info(
-            f"Instance with name {self.aws_instance_name} not found, "
-            f"creating...")
+            f"Instance with name {self.aws_instance_name} not found, " f"creating..."
+        )
 
         # Else, not running, yet, start.
         instance = self.ec2_resource.create_instances(
@@ -211,20 +215,18 @@ class ReproSession:
             InstanceType=instance_type,
             KeyName=self.ssh_key_name,
             SecurityGroupIds=[instance_sg],
-            TagSpecifications=[{
-                "ResourceType": "instance",
-                "Tags": [{
-                    "Key": "repro_name",
-                    "Value": self.aws_instance_name
-                }]
-            }],
+            TagSpecifications=[
+                {
+                    "ResourceType": "instance",
+                    "Tags": [{"Key": "repro_name", "Value": self.aws_instance_name}],
+                }
+            ],
             MinCount=1,
             MaxCount=1,
         )[0]
 
         self.aws_instance_id = instance.id
-        self.logger.info(
-            f"Created new instance with ID {self.aws_instance_id}")
+        self.logger.info(f"Created new instance with ID {self.aws_instance_id}")
 
     def aws_wait_for_instance(self):
         assert self.aws_instance_id
@@ -234,28 +236,32 @@ class ReproSession:
         repro_instance_state = None
         while repro_instance_state != "running":
             detail = self.ec2_client.describe_instances(
-                InstanceIds=[self.aws_instance_id], )
-            repro_instance_state = \
-                detail["Reservations"][0]["Instances"][0]["State"]["Name"]
+                InstanceIds=[self.aws_instance_id],
+            )
+            repro_instance_state = detail["Reservations"][0]["Instances"][0]["State"][
+                "Name"
+            ]
 
             if repro_instance_state != "running":
                 time.sleep(2)
 
         self.aws_instance_ip = detail["Reservations"][0]["Instances"][0][
-            "PublicIpAddress"]
+            "PublicIpAddress"
+        ]
 
     def aws_stop_instance(self):
         assert self.aws_instance_id
 
         self.ec2_client.terminate_instances(
-            InstanceIds=[self.aws_instance_id], )
+            InstanceIds=[self.aws_instance_id],
+        )
 
     def print_stop_command(self):
         click.secho("To stop this instance in the future, run this: ")
         click.secho(
-            f"aws ec2 terminate-instances "
-            f"--instance-ids={self.aws_instance_id}",
-            bold=True)
+            f"aws ec2 terminate-instances " f"--instance-ids={self.aws_instance_id}",
+            bold=True,
+        )
 
     def create_new_ssh_client(self):
         assert self.aws_instance_ip
@@ -264,7 +270,8 @@ class ReproSession:
             self.ssh.close()
 
         self.logger.info(
-            "Creating SSH client and waiting for SSH to become available...")
+            "Creating SSH client and waiting for SSH to become available..."
+        )
 
         ssh = paramiko.client.SSHClient()
         ssh.load_system_host_keys()
@@ -275,7 +282,8 @@ class ReproSession:
                 ssh.connect(
                     self.aws_instance_ip,
                     username=self.ssh_user,
-                    key_filename=os.path.expanduser(self.ssh_key_file))
+                    key_filename=os.path.expanduser(self.ssh_key_file),
+                )
                 break
             except paramiko.ssh_exception.NoValidConnectionsError:
                 self.logger.info("SSH not ready, yet, sleeping 5 seconds")
@@ -291,8 +299,7 @@ class ReproSession:
         result = {}
 
         def exec():
-            stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(
-                command, get_pty=True)
+            stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(command, get_pty=True)
 
             output = ""
             for line in stdout.readlines():
@@ -321,12 +328,13 @@ class ReproSession:
         return result.get("output", "")
 
     def execute_ssh_command(
-            self,
-            command: str,
-            env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-            as_script: bool = False,
-            quiet: bool = False,
-            command_wrapper: Optional[Callable[[str], str]] = None) -> str:
+        self,
+        command: str,
+        env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        as_script: bool = False,
+        quiet: bool = False,
+        command_wrapper: Optional[Callable[[str], str]] = None,
+    ) -> str:
         assert self.ssh
 
         if not command_wrapper:
@@ -360,23 +368,25 @@ class ReproSession:
 
         return output
 
-    def execute_ssh_commands(self,
-                             commands: List[str],
-                             env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-                             quiet: bool = False):
+    def execute_ssh_commands(
+        self,
+        commands: List[str],
+        env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        quiet: bool = False,
+    ):
         for command in commands:
             self.execute_ssh_command(command, env=env, quiet=quiet)
 
-    def execute_docker_command(self,
-                               command: str,
-                               env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-                               quiet: bool = False):
+    def execute_docker_command(
+        self, command: str, env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, quiet: bool = False
+    ):
         def command_wrapper(s):
             escaped = s.replace("'", "'\"'\"'")
             return f"docker exec -it ray_container /bin/bash -ci '{escaped}'"
 
         self.execute_ssh_command(
-            command, env=env, quiet=quiet, command_wrapper=command_wrapper)
+            command, env=env, quiet=quiet, command_wrapper=command_wrapper
+        )
 
     def prepare_instance(self):
         self.create_new_ssh_client()
@@ -387,8 +397,9 @@ class ReproSession:
 
         self.logger.info("Preparing instance (installing docker etc.)")
         commands = [
-            "sudo yum install -y docker", "sudo service docker start",
-            f"sudo usermod -aG docker {self.ssh_user}"
+            "sudo yum install -y docker",
+            "sudo service docker start",
+            f"sudo usermod -aG docker {self.ssh_user}",
         ]
         self.execute_ssh_commands(commands, quiet=True)
         self.create_new_ssh_client()
@@ -398,13 +409,18 @@ class ReproSession:
     def docker_login(self):
         self.logger.info("Logging into docker...")
         credentials = boto3.client(
-            "ecr", region_name="us-west-2").get_authorization_token()
-        token = base64.b64decode(credentials["authorizationData"][0][
-            "authorizationToken"]).decode("utf-8").replace("AWS:", "")
+            "ecr", region_name="us-west-2"
+        ).get_authorization_token()
+        token = (
+            base64.b64decode(credentials["authorizationData"][0]["authorizationToken"])
+            .decode("utf-8")
+            .replace("AWS:", "")
+        )
         endpoint = credentials["authorizationData"][0]["proxyEndpoint"]
 
         self.execute_ssh_command(
-            f"docker login -u AWS -p {token} {endpoint}", quiet=True)
+            f"docker login -u AWS -p {token} {endpoint}", quiet=True
+        )
 
     def fetch_buildkite_plugins(self):
         assert self.env
@@ -415,8 +431,9 @@ class ReproSession:
         for collection in plugins:
             for plugin, options in collection.items():
                 plugin_url, plugin_version = plugin.split("#")
-                if not plugin_url.startswith(
-                        "http://") or not plugin_url.startswith("https://"):
+                if not plugin_url.startswith("http://") or not plugin_url.startswith(
+                    "https://"
+                ):
                     plugin_url = f"https://{plugin_url}"
 
                 plugin_name = plugin_url.split("/")[-1].rstrip(".git")
@@ -432,7 +449,7 @@ class ReproSession:
                     "version": plugin_version,
                     "dir": plugin_dir,
                     "env": plugin_env,
-                    "details": {}
+                    "details": {},
                 }
 
     def get_plugin_env(self, plugin_short: str, options: Dict[str, Any]):
@@ -457,30 +474,33 @@ class ReproSession:
         self.execute_ssh_command(
             f"[ ! -e {plugin_dir} ] && git clone --depth 1 "
             f"--branch {plugin_version} {plugin_url} {plugin_dir}",
-            quiet=True)
+            quiet=True,
+        )
 
     def load_plugin_details(self, plugin: str):
         assert plugin in self.plugins
 
         plugin_dir = self.plugins[plugin]["dir"]
 
-        yaml_str = self.execute_ssh_command(
-            f"cat {plugin_dir}/plugin.yml", quiet=True)
+        yaml_str = self.execute_ssh_command(f"cat {plugin_dir}/plugin.yml", quiet=True)
 
         details = yaml.safe_load(yaml_str)
         self.plugins[plugin]["details"] = details
         return details
 
-    def execute_plugin_hook(self,
-                            plugin: str,
-                            hook: str,
-                            env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-                            script_command: Optional[str] = None):
+    def execute_plugin_hook(
+        self,
+        plugin: str,
+        hook: str,
+        env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        script_command: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
         assert plugin in self.plugins
 
         self.logger.info(
             f"Executing Buildkite hook for plugin {plugin}: {hook}. "
-            f"This pulls a Docker image and could take a while.")
+            f"This pulls a Docker image and could take a while."
+        )
 
         plugin_dir = self.plugins[plugin]["dir"]
         plugin_env = self.plugins[plugin]["env"].copy()
@@ -500,21 +520,23 @@ class ReproSession:
 
     def print_buildkite_command(self, skipped: bool = False):
         print("-" * 80)
-        print("These are the commands you need to execute to fully reproduce "
-              "the run")
+        print(
+            "These are the commands you need to execute to fully reproduce " "the run"
+        )
         print("-" * 80)
         print(self.env["BUILDKITE_COMMAND"])
         print("-" * 80)
 
         if skipped and self.skipped_commands:
-            print("Some of the commands above have already been run. "
-                  "Remaining commands:")
+            print(
+                "Some of the commands above have already been run. "
+                "Remaining commands:"
+            )
             print("-" * 80)
             print("\n".join(self.skipped_commands))
             print("-" * 80)
 
-    def run_buildkite_command(self,
-                              command_filter: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+    def run_buildkite_command(self, command_filter: Optional[List[str]] = None):
         commands = self.env["BUILDKITE_COMMAND"].split("\n")
         regexes = [re.compile(cf) for cf in command_filter or []]
 
@@ -537,15 +559,18 @@ class ReproSession:
             f"grep -q 'source ~/.env' $HOME/.bashrc "
             f"|| echo 'source ~/.env' >> $HOME/.bashrc; "
             f"echo 'export {escaped}' > $HOME/.env",
-            quiet=True)
+            quiet=True,
+        )
 
     def attach_to_container(self):
         self.logger.info("Attaching to AWS instance...")
-        ssh_command = (f"ssh -ti {self.ssh_key_file} "
-                       f"-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no "
-                       f"-o ServerAliveInterval=30 "
-                       f"{self.ssh_user}@{self.aws_instance_ip} "
-                       f"'docker exec -it ray_container bash -l'")
+        ssh_command = (
+            f"ssh -ti {self.ssh_key_file} "
+            f"-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no "
+            f"-o ServerAliveInterval=30 "
+            f"{self.ssh_user}@{self.aws_instance_ip} "
+            f"'docker exec -it ray_container bash -l'"
+        )
 
         subprocess.run(ssh_command, shell=True)
 
@@ -555,29 +580,32 @@ class ReproSession:
 @click.option("-n", "--instance-name", default=None)
 @click.option("-c", "--commands", is_flag=True, default=False)
 @click.option("-f", "--filters", multiple=True, default=[])
-def main(session_url: Optional[str],
-         instance_name: Optional[str] = None,
-         commands: bool = False,
-         filters: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+def main(
+    session_url: Optional[str],
+    instance_name: Optional[str] = None,
+    commands: bool = False,
+    filters: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+):
     random.seed(1235)
 
     logger = logging.getLogger("main")
     logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     handler = logging.StreamHandler()
     handler.setFormatter(
-        logging.Formatter("[%(levelname)s %(asctime)s] "
-                          "%(filename)s: %(lineno)d  "
-                          "%(message)s"))
+        logging.Formatter(
+            "[%(levelname)s %(asctime)s] " "%(filename)s: %(lineno)d  " "%(message)s"
+        )
+    )
     logger.addHandler(handler)
 
     maybe_fetch_buildkite_token()
     repro = ReproSession(
-        os.environ["BUILDKITE_TOKEN"],
-        instance_name=instance_name,
-        logger=logger)
+        os.environ["BUILDKITE_TOKEN"], instance_name=instance_name, logger=logger
+    )
 
     session_url = session_url or click.prompt(
-        "Please copy and paste the Buildkite job build URI here")
+        "Please copy and paste the Buildkite job build URI here"
+    )
 
     repro.set_session(session_url)
 
@@ -610,13 +638,16 @@ def main(session_url: Optional[str],
             "BUILDKITE_PLUGIN_DOCKER_TTY": "0",
             "BUILDKITE_PLUGIN_DOCKER_MOUNT_CHECKOUT": "0",
         },
-        script_command=("sed -E 's/"
-                        "docker run/"
-                        "docker run "
-                        "--cap-add=SYS_PTRACE "
-                        "--name ray_container "
-                        "-d/g' | "
-                        "bash -l"))
+        script_command=(
+            "sed -E 's/"
+            "docker run/"
+            "docker run "
+            "--cap-add=SYS_PTRACE "
+            "--name ray_container "
+            "-d/g' | "
+            "bash -l"
+        ),
+    )
 
     repro.create_new_ssh_client()
 

ci/travis/bazel-sharding.py

@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ def get_target_expansion_query(targets, tests_only, exclude_manual):
 
     if exclude_manual:
         query = '{} except tests(attr("tags", "manual", set({})))'.format(
-            query, included_targets)
+            query, included_targets
+        )
 
     return query
 
@@ -82,17 +83,16 @@ def get_targets_for_shard(targets, index, count):
 
 
 def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Expand and shard Bazel targets.")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Expand and shard Bazel targets.")
     parser.add_argument("--debug", action="store_true")
     parser.add_argument("--tests_only", action="store_true")
     parser.add_argument("--exclude_manual", action="store_true")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--index", type=int, default=os.getenv("BUILDKITE_PARALLEL_JOB", 1))
+        "--index", type=int, default=os.getenv("BUILDKITE_PARALLEL_JOB", 1)
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--count",
-        type=int,
-        default=os.getenv("BUILDKITE_PARALLEL_JOB_COUNT", 1))
+        "--count", type=int, default=os.getenv("BUILDKITE_PARALLEL_JOB_COUNT", 1)
+    )
     parser.add_argument("targets", nargs="+")
     args, extra_args = parser.parse_known_args()
     args.targets = list(args.targets) + list(extra_args)
@@ -100,11 +100,11 @@ def main():
     if args.index >= args.count:
         parser.error("--index must be between 0 and {}".format(args.count - 1))
 
-    query = get_target_expansion_query(args.targets, args.tests_only,
-                                       args.exclude_manual)
+    query = get_target_expansion_query(
+        args.targets, args.tests_only, args.exclude_manual
+    )
     expanded_targets = run_bazel_query(query, args.debug)
-    my_targets = get_targets_for_shard(expanded_targets, args.index,
-                                       args.count)
+    my_targets = get_targets_for_shard(expanded_targets, args.index, args.count)
     print(" ".join(my_targets))
 
     return 0

ci/travis/bazel.py

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ from collections import defaultdict, OrderedDict
 
 def textproto_format(space, key, value, json_encoder):
     """Rewrites a key-value pair from textproto as JSON."""
-    if value.startswith(b"\""):
+    if value.startswith(b'"'):
         evaluated = ast.literal_eval(value.decode("utf-8"))
         value = json_encoder.encode(evaluated).encode("utf-8")
-    return b"%s[\"%s\", %s]" % (space, key, value)
+    return b'%s["%s", %s]' % (space, key, value)
 
 
 def textproto_split(input_lines, json_encoder):
@@ -50,19 +50,21 @@ def textproto_split(input_lines, json_encoder):
         pieces = re.split(b"(\\r|\\n)", full_line, 1)
         pieces[1:] = [b"".join(pieces[1:])]
         [line, tail] = pieces
-        next_line = pat_open.sub(b"\\1[\"\\2\",\\3[", line)
-        outputs.append(b"" if not prev_comma else b"]"
-                       if next_line.endswith(b"}") else b",")
+        next_line = pat_open.sub(b'\\1["\\2",\\3[', line)
+        outputs.append(
+            b"" if not prev_comma else b"]" if next_line.endswith(b"}") else b","
+        )
         next_line = pat_close.sub(b"]", next_line)
         next_line = pat_line.sub(
-            lambda m: textproto_format(*(m.groups() + (json_encoder, ))),
-            next_line)
+            lambda m: textproto_format(*(m.groups() + (json_encoder,))), next_line
+        )
         outputs.append(prev_tail + next_line)
         if line == b"}":
             yield b"".join(outputs)
             del outputs[:]
-        prev_comma = line != b"}" and (next_line.endswith(b"]")
-                                       or next_line.endswith(b"\""))
+        prev_comma = line != b"}" and (
+            next_line.endswith(b"]") or next_line.endswith(b'"')
+        )
         prev_tail = tail
     if len(outputs) > 0:
         yield b"".join(outputs)
@@ -80,13 +82,14 @@ class Bazel(object):
     def __init__(self, program=None):
         if program is None:
             program = os.getenv("BAZEL_EXECUTABLE", "bazel")
-        self.argv = (program, )
-        self.extra_args = ("--show_progress=no", )
+        self.argv = (program,)
+        self.extra_args = ("--show_progress=no",)
 
     def _call(self, command, *args):
         return subprocess.check_output(
-            self.argv + (command, ) + args[:1] + self.extra_args + args[1:],
-            stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+            self.argv + (command,) + args[:1] + self.extra_args + args[1:],
+            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+        )
 
     def info(self, *args):
         result = OrderedDict()
@@ -248,8 +251,7 @@ def shellcheck(bazel_aquery, *shellcheck_argv):
 def main(program, command, *command_args):
     result = 0
     if command == textproto2json.__name__:
-        result = textproto2json(sys.stdin.buffer, sys.stdout.buffer,
-                                *command_args)
+        result = textproto2json(sys.stdin.buffer, sys.stdout.buffer, *command_args)
     elif command == shellcheck.__name__:
         result = shellcheck(*command_args)
     elif command == preclean.__name__:

ci/travis/build-docker-images.py

@@ -20,21 +20,16 @@ DOCKER_CLIENT = None
 PYTHON_WHL_VERSION = "cp3"
 
 DOCKER_HUB_DESCRIPTION = {
-    "base-deps": ("Internal Image, refer to "
-                  "https://hub.docker.com/r/rayproject/ray"),
-    "ray-deps": ("Internal Image, refer to "
-                 "https://hub.docker.com/r/rayproject/ray"),
+    "base-deps": (
+        "Internal Image, refer to " "https://hub.docker.com/r/rayproject/ray"
+    ),
+    "ray-deps": ("Internal Image, refer to " "https://hub.docker.com/r/rayproject/ray"),
     "ray": "Official Docker Images for Ray, the distributed computing API.",
     "ray-ml": "Developer ready Docker Image for Ray.",
     "ray-worker-container": "Internal Image for CI test",
 }
 
-PY_MATRIX = {
-    "py36": "3.6.12",
-    "py37": "3.7.7",
-    "py38": "3.8.5",
-    "py39": "3.9.5"
-}
+PY_MATRIX = {"py36": "3.6.12", "py37": "3.7.7", "py38": "3.8.5", "py39": "3.9.5"}
 
 BASE_IMAGES = {
     "cu112": "nvidia/cuda:11.2.0-cudnn8-devel-ubuntu18.04",
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ CUDA_FULL = {
     "cu111": "CUDA 11.1",
     "cu110": "CUDA 11.0",
     "cu102": "CUDA 10.2",
-    "cu101": "CUDA 10.1"
+    "cu101": "CUDA 10.1",
 }
 
 # The CUDA version to use for the ML Docker image.
@@ -62,8 +57,7 @@ IMAGE_NAMES = list(DOCKER_HUB_DESCRIPTION.keys())
 
 
 def _get_branch():
-    branch = (os.environ.get("TRAVIS_BRANCH")
-              or os.environ.get("BUILDKITE_BRANCH"))
+    branch = os.environ.get("TRAVIS_BRANCH") or os.environ.get("BUILDKITE_BRANCH")
     if not branch:
         print("Branch not found!")
         print(os.environ)
@@ -94,8 +88,7 @@ def _get_root_dir():
 
 
 def _get_commit_sha():
-    sha = (os.environ.get("TRAVIS_COMMIT")
-           or os.environ.get("BUILDKITE_COMMIT") or "")
+    sha = os.environ.get("TRAVIS_COMMIT") or os.environ.get("BUILDKITE_COMMIT") or ""
     if len(sha) < 6:
         print("INVALID SHA FOUND")
         return "ERROR"
@@ -105,8 +98,9 @@ def _get_commit_sha():
 def _configure_human_version():
     global _get_branch
     global _get_commit_sha
-    fake_branch_name = input("Provide a 'branch name'. For releases, it "
-                             "should be `releases/x.x.x`")
+    fake_branch_name = input(
+        "Provide a 'branch name'. For releases, it " "should be `releases/x.x.x`"
+    )
     _get_branch = lambda: fake_branch_name  # noqa: E731
     fake_sha = input("Provide a SHA (used for tag value)")
     _get_commit_sha = lambda: fake_sha  # noqa: E731
@@ -115,38 +109,44 @@ def _configure_human_version():
 def _get_wheel_name(minor_version_number):
     if minor_version_number:
         matches = [
-            file for file in glob.glob(
+            file
+            for file in glob.glob(
                 f"{_get_root_dir()}/.whl/ray-*{PYTHON_WHL_VERSION}"
-                f"{minor_version_number}*-manylinux*")
+                f"{minor_version_number}*-manylinux*"
+            )
             if "+" not in file  # Exclude dbg, asan  builds
         ]
         assert len(matches) == 1, (
             f"Found ({len(matches)}) matches for 'ray-*{PYTHON_WHL_VERSION}"
             f"{minor_version_number}*-manylinux*' instead of 1.\n"
-            f"wheel matches: {matches}")
+            f"wheel matches: {matches}"
+        )
         return os.path.basename(matches[0])
     else:
-        matches = glob.glob(
-            f"{_get_root_dir()}/.whl/*{PYTHON_WHL_VERSION}*-manylinux*")
+        matches = glob.glob(f"{_get_root_dir()}/.whl/*{PYTHON_WHL_VERSION}*-manylinux*")
         return [os.path.basename(i) for i in matches]
 
 
 def _check_if_docker_files_modified():
-    stdout = subprocess.check_output([
-        sys.executable, f"{_get_curr_dir()}/determine_tests_to_run.py",
-        "--output=json"
-    ])
+    stdout = subprocess.check_output(
+        [
+            sys.executable,
+            f"{_get_curr_dir()}/determine_tests_to_run.py",
+            "--output=json",
+        ]
+    )
     affected_env_var_list = json.loads(stdout)
-    affected = ("RAY_CI_DOCKER_AFFECTED" in affected_env_var_list or
-                "RAY_CI_PYTHON_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECTED" in affected_env_var_list)
+    affected = (
+        "RAY_CI_DOCKER_AFFECTED" in affected_env_var_list
+        or "RAY_CI_PYTHON_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECTED" in affected_env_var_list
+    )
     print(f"Docker affected: {affected}")
     return affected
 
 
-def _build_docker_image(image_name: str,
-                        py_version: str,
-                        image_type: str,
-                        no_cache=True):
+def _build_docker_image(
+    image_name: str, py_version: str, image_type: str, no_cache=True
+):
     """Builds Docker image with the provided info.
 
     image_name (str): The name of the image to build. Must be one of
@@ -161,23 +161,27 @@ def _build_docker_image(image_name: str,
     if image_name not in IMAGE_NAMES:
         raise ValueError(
             f"The provided image name {image_name} is not "
-            f"recognized. Image names must be one of {IMAGE_NAMES}")
+            f"recognized. Image names must be one of {IMAGE_NAMES}"
+        )
 
     if py_version not in PY_MATRIX.keys():
-        raise ValueError(f"The provided python version {py_version} is not "
-                         f"recognized. Python version must be one of"
-                         f" {PY_MATRIX.keys()}")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"The provided python version {py_version} is not "
+            f"recognized. Python version must be one of"
+            f" {PY_MATRIX.keys()}"
+        )
 
     if image_type not in BASE_IMAGES.keys():
-        raise ValueError(f"The provided CUDA version {image_type} is not "
-                         f"recognized. CUDA version must be one of"
-                         f" {image_type.keys()}")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"The provided CUDA version {image_type} is not "
+            f"recognized. CUDA version must be one of"
+            f" {image_type.keys()}"
+        )
 
     # TODO(https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/16599):
     # remove below after supporting ray-ml images with Python 3.9
     if image_name == "ray-ml" and py_version == "py39":
-        print(f"{image_name} image is currently unsupported with "
-              "Python 3.9")
+        print(f"{image_name} image is currently unsupported with " "Python 3.9")
         return
 
     build_args = {}
@@ -212,7 +216,7 @@ def _build_docker_image(image_name: str,
         labels = {
             "image-name": image_name,
             "python-version": PY_MATRIX[py_version],
-            "ray-commit": _get_commit_sha()
+            "ray-commit": _get_commit_sha(),
         }
         if image_type in CUDA_FULL:
             labels["cuda-version"] = CUDA_FULL[image_type]
@@ -222,7 +226,8 @@ def _build_docker_image(image_name: str,
             tag=tagged_name,
             nocache=no_cache,
             labels=labels,
-            buildargs=build_args)
+            buildargs=build_args,
+        )
 
         cmd_output = []
         try:
@@ -230,12 +235,15 @@ def _build_docker_image(image_name: str,
             current_iter = start
             for line in output:
                 cmd_output.append(line.decode("utf-8"))
-                if datetime.datetime.now(
-                ) - current_iter >= datetime.timedelta(minutes=5):
+                if datetime.datetime.now() - current_iter >= datetime.timedelta(
+                    minutes=5
+                ):
                     current_iter = datetime.datetime.now()
                     elapsed = datetime.datetime.now() - start
-                    print(f"Still building {tagged_name} after "
-                          f"{elapsed.seconds} seconds")
+                    print(
+                        f"Still building {tagged_name} after "
+                        f"{elapsed.seconds} seconds"
+                    )
                     if elapsed >= datetime.timedelta(minutes=15):
                         print("Additional build output:")
                         print(*cmd_output, sep="\n")
@@ -259,8 +267,10 @@ def _build_docker_image(image_name: str,
 
 def copy_wheels(human_build):
     if human_build:
-        print("Please download images using:\n"
-              "`pip download --python-version <py_version> ray==<ray_version>")
+        print(
+            "Please download images using:\n"
+            "`pip download --python-version <py_version> ray==<ray_version>"
+        )
     root_dir = _get_root_dir()
     wheels = _get_wheel_name(None)
     for wheel in wheels:
@@ -268,7 +278,8 @@ def copy_wheels(human_build):
         ray_dst = os.path.join(root_dir, "docker/ray/.whl/")
         ray_dep_dst = os.path.join(root_dir, "docker/ray-deps/.whl/")
         ray_worker_container_dst = os.path.join(
-            root_dir, "docker/ray-worker-container/.whl/")
+            root_dir, "docker/ray-worker-container/.whl/"
+        )
         os.makedirs(ray_dst, exist_ok=True)
         shutil.copy(source, ray_dst)
         os.makedirs(ray_dep_dst, exist_ok=True)
@@ -282,8 +293,7 @@ def check_staleness(repository, tag):
 
     age = DOCKER_CLIENT.api.inspect_image(f"{repository}:{tag}")["Created"]
     short_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(age.split("T")[0], "%Y-%m-%d")
-    is_stale = (
-        datetime.datetime.now() - short_date) > datetime.timedelta(days=14)
+    is_stale = (datetime.datetime.now() - short_date) > datetime.timedelta(days=14)
     return is_stale
 
 
@@ -292,28 +302,23 @@ def build_for_all_versions(image_name, py_versions, image_types, **kwargs):
     for py_version in py_versions:
         for image_type in image_types:
             _build_docker_image(
-                image_name,
-                py_version=py_version,
-                image_type=image_type,
-                **kwargs)
+                image_name, py_version=py_version, image_type=image_type, **kwargs
+            )
 
 
 def build_base_images(py_versions, image_types):
-    build_for_all_versions(
-        "base-deps", py_versions, image_types, no_cache=False)
-    build_for_all_versions(
-        "ray-deps", py_versions, image_types, no_cache=False)
+    build_for_all_versions("base-deps", py_versions, image_types, no_cache=False)
+    build_for_all_versions("ray-deps", py_versions, image_types, no_cache=False)
 
 
-def build_or_pull_base_images(py_versions: List[str],
-                              image_types: List[str],
-                              rebuild_base_images: bool = True) -> bool:
+def build_or_pull_base_images(
+    py_versions: List[str], image_types: List[str], rebuild_base_images: bool = True
+) -> bool:
     """Returns images to tag and build."""
     repositories = ["rayproject/base-deps", "rayproject/ray-deps"]
     tags = [
         f"nightly-{py_version}-{image_type}"
-        for py_version, image_type in itertools.product(
-            py_versions, image_types)
+        for py_version, image_type in itertools.product(py_versions, image_types)
     ]
 
     try:
@@ -339,12 +344,15 @@ def build_or_pull_base_images(py_versions: List[str],
 def prep_ray_ml():
     root_dir = _get_root_dir()
     requirement_files = glob.glob(
-        f"{_get_root_dir()}/python/**/requirements*.txt", recursive=True)
+        f"{_get_root_dir()}/python/**/requirements*.txt", recursive=True
+    )
     for fl in requirement_files:
         shutil.copy(fl, os.path.join(root_dir, "docker/ray-ml/"))
     # Install atari roms script
-    shutil.copy(f"{_get_root_dir()}/rllib/utils/install_atari_roms.sh",
-                os.path.join(root_dir, "docker/ray-ml/"))
+    shutil.copy(
+        f"{_get_root_dir()}/rllib/utils/install_atari_roms.sh",
+        os.path.join(root_dir, "docker/ray-ml/"),
+    )
 
 
 def _get_docker_creds() -> Tuple[str, str]:
@@ -377,10 +385,13 @@ def _tag_and_push(full_image_name, old_tag, new_tag, merge_build=False):
         DOCKER_CLIENT.api.tag(
             image=f"{full_image_name}:{old_tag}",
             repository=full_image_name,
-            tag=new_tag)
+            tag=new_tag,
+        )
     if not merge_build:
-        print("This is a PR Build! On a merge build, we would normally push"
-              f"to: {full_image_name}:{new_tag}")
+        print(
+            "This is a PR Build! On a merge build, we would normally push"
+            f"to: {full_image_name}:{new_tag}"
+        )
     else:
         _docker_push(full_image_name, new_tag)
 
@@ -395,16 +406,17 @@ def _create_new_tags(all_tags, old_str, new_str):
 
 # For non-release builds, push "nightly" & "sha"
 # For release builds, push "nightly" & "latest" & "x.x.x"
-def push_and_tag_images(py_versions: List[str],
-                        image_types: List[str],
-                        push_base_images: bool,
-                        merge_build: bool = False):
+def push_and_tag_images(
+    py_versions: List[str],
+    image_types: List[str],
+    push_base_images: bool,
+    merge_build: bool = False,
+):
 
     date_tag = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
     sha_tag = _get_commit_sha()
     if _release_build():
-        release_name = re.search("[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9].*",
-                                 _get_branch()).group(0)
+        release_name = re.search("[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9].*", _get_branch()).group(0)
         date_tag = release_name
         sha_tag = release_name
 
@@ -423,16 +435,19 @@ def push_and_tag_images(py_versions: List[str],
         for py_name in py_versions:
             for image_type in image_types:
                 if image_name == "ray-ml" and image_type != ML_CUDA_VERSION:
-                    print("ML Docker image is not built for the following "
-                          f"device type: {image_type}")
+                    print(
+                        "ML Docker image is not built for the following "
+                        f"device type: {image_type}"
+                    )
                     continue
 
                 # TODO(https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/16599):
                 # remove below after supporting ray-ml images with Python 3.9
-                if image_name in ["ray-ml"
-                                  ] and PY_MATRIX[py_name].startswith("3.9"):
-                    print(f"{image_name} image is currently "
-                          f"unsupported with Python 3.9")
+                if image_name in ["ray-ml"] and PY_MATRIX[py_name].startswith("3.9"):
+                    print(
+                        f"{image_name} image is currently "
+                        f"unsupported with Python 3.9"
+                    )
                     continue
 
                 tag = f"nightly-{py_name}-{image_type}"
@@ -445,20 +460,19 @@ def push_and_tag_images(py_versions: List[str],
         for old_tag in tag_mapping.keys():
             if "cpu" in old_tag:
                 new_tags = _create_new_tags(
-                    tag_mapping[old_tag], old_str="-cpu", new_str="")
+                    tag_mapping[old_tag], old_str="-cpu", new_str=""
+                )
                 tag_mapping[old_tag].extend(new_tags)
             elif ML_CUDA_VERSION in old_tag:
                 new_tags = _create_new_tags(
-                    tag_mapping[old_tag],
-                    old_str=f"-{ML_CUDA_VERSION}",
-                    new_str="-gpu")
+                    tag_mapping[old_tag], old_str=f"-{ML_CUDA_VERSION}", new_str="-gpu"
+                )
                 tag_mapping[old_tag].extend(new_tags)
 
                 if image_name == "ray-ml":
                     new_tags = _create_new_tags(
-                        tag_mapping[old_tag],
-                        old_str=f"-{ML_CUDA_VERSION}",
-                        new_str="")
+                        tag_mapping[old_tag], old_str=f"-{ML_CUDA_VERSION}", new_str=""
+                    )
                     tag_mapping[old_tag].extend(new_tags)
 
         # No Python version specified should refer to DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION
@@ -467,7 +481,8 @@ def push_and_tag_images(py_versions: List[str],
                 new_tags = _create_new_tags(
                     tag_mapping[old_tag],
                     old_str=f"-{DEFAULT_PYTHON_VERSION}",
-                    new_str="")
+                    new_str="",
+                )
                 tag_mapping[old_tag].extend(new_tags)
 
         # For all tags, create Date/Sha tags
@@ -475,7 +490,8 @@ def push_and_tag_images(py_versions: List[str],
             new_tags = _create_new_tags(
                 tag_mapping[old_tag],
                 old_str="nightly",
-                new_str=date_tag if "-deps" in image_name else sha_tag)
+                new_str=date_tag if "-deps" in image_name else sha_tag,
+            )
             tag_mapping[old_tag].extend(new_tags)
 
         # Sanity checking.
@@ -511,7 +527,8 @@ def push_and_tag_images(py_versions: List[str],
                     full_image_name,
                     old_tag=old_tag,
                     new_tag=new_tag,
-                    merge_build=merge_build)
+                    merge_build=merge_build,
+                )
 
 
 # Push infra here:
@@ -527,9 +544,9 @@ def push_readmes(merge_build: bool):
             "DOCKER_PASS": password,
             "PUSHRM_FILE": f"/myvol/docker/{image}/README.md",
             "PUSHRM_DEBUG": 1,
-            "PUSHRM_SHORT": tag_line
+            "PUSHRM_SHORT": tag_line,
         }
-        cmd_string = (f"rayproject/{image}")
+        cmd_string = f"rayproject/{image}"
 
         print(
             DOCKER_CLIENT.containers.run(
@@ -546,7 +563,9 @@ def push_readmes(merge_build: bool):
                 detach=False,
                 stderr=True,
                 stdout=True,
-                tty=False))
+                tty=False,
+            )
+        )
 
 
 # Build base-deps/ray-deps only on file change, 2 weeks, per release
@@ -566,63 +585,73 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         choices=list(PY_MATRIX.keys()),
         default="py37",
         nargs="*",
-        help="Which python versions to build. "
-        "Must be in (py36, py37, py38, py39)")
+        help="Which python versions to build. " "Must be in (py36, py37, py38, py39)",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--device-types",
         choices=list(BASE_IMAGES.keys()),
         default=None,
         nargs="*",
         help="Which device types (CPU/CUDA versions) to build images for. "
-        "If not specified, images will be built for all device types.")
+        "If not specified, images will be built for all device types.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--build-type",
         choices=BUILD_TYPES,
         required=True,
-        help="Whether to bypass checking if docker is affected")
+        help="Whether to bypass checking if docker is affected",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--build-base",
         dest="base",
         action="store_true",
-        help="Whether to build base-deps & ray-deps")
+        help="Whether to build base-deps & ray-deps",
+    )
     parser.add_argument("--no-build-base", dest="base", action="store_false")
     parser.set_defaults(base=True)
     parser.add_argument(
         "--only-build-worker-container",
         dest="only_build_worker_container",
         action="store_true",
-        help="Whether only to build ray-worker-container")
+        help="Whether only to build ray-worker-container",
+    )
     parser.set_defaults(only_build_worker_container=False)
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     py_versions = args.py_versions
-    py_versions = py_versions if isinstance(py_versions,
-                                            list) else [py_versions]
+    py_versions = py_versions if isinstance(py_versions, list) else [py_versions]
 
-    image_types = args.device_types if args.device_types else list(
-        BASE_IMAGES.keys())
+    image_types = args.device_types if args.device_types else list(BASE_IMAGES.keys())
 
     assert set(list(CUDA_FULL.keys()) + ["cpu"]) == set(BASE_IMAGES.keys())
 
     # Make sure the python images and cuda versions we build here are
     # consistent with the ones used with fix-latest-docker.sh script.
-    py_version_file = os.path.join(_get_root_dir(), "docker/retag-lambda",
-                                   "python_versions.txt")
+    py_version_file = os.path.join(
+        _get_root_dir(), "docker/retag-lambda", "python_versions.txt"
+    )
     with open(py_version_file) as f:
         py_file_versions = f.read().splitlines()
-        assert set(PY_MATRIX.keys()) == set(py_file_versions), \
-            (PY_MATRIX.keys(), py_file_versions)
+        assert set(PY_MATRIX.keys()) == set(py_file_versions), (
+            PY_MATRIX.keys(),
+            py_file_versions,
+        )
 
-    cuda_version_file = os.path.join(_get_root_dir(), "docker/retag-lambda",
-                                     "cuda_versions.txt")
+    cuda_version_file = os.path.join(
+        _get_root_dir(), "docker/retag-lambda", "cuda_versions.txt"
+    )
 
     with open(cuda_version_file) as f:
         cuda_file_versions = f.read().splitlines()
-        assert set(BASE_IMAGES.keys()) == set(cuda_file_versions + ["cpu"]),\
-            (BASE_IMAGES.keys(), cuda_file_versions + ["cpu"])
+        assert set(BASE_IMAGES.keys()) == set(cuda_file_versions + ["cpu"]), (
+            BASE_IMAGES.keys(),
+            cuda_file_versions + ["cpu"],
+        )
 
-    print("Building the following python versions: ",
-          [PY_MATRIX[py_version] for py_version in py_versions])
+    print(
+        "Building the following python versions: ",
+        [PY_MATRIX[py_version] for py_version in py_versions],
+    )
     print("Building images for the following devices: ", image_types)
     print("Building base images: ", args.base)
 
@@ -639,9 +668,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     if build_type == HUMAN:
         # If manually triggered, request user for branch and SHA value to use.
         _configure_human_version()
-    if (build_type in {HUMAN, MERGE, BUILDKITE, LOCAL}
-            or _check_if_docker_files_modified()
-            or args.only_build_worker_container):
+    if (
+        build_type in {HUMAN, MERGE, BUILDKITE, LOCAL}
+        or _check_if_docker_files_modified()
+        or args.only_build_worker_container
+    ):
         DOCKER_CLIENT = docker.from_env()
         is_merge = build_type == MERGE
         # Buildkite is authenticated in the background.
@@ -652,11 +683,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             DOCKER_CLIENT.api.login(username=username, password=password)
         copy_wheels(build_type == HUMAN)
         is_base_images_built = build_or_pull_base_images(
-            py_versions, image_types, args.base)
+            py_versions, image_types, args.base
+        )
 
         if args.only_build_worker_container:
-            build_for_all_versions("ray-worker-container", py_versions,
-                                   image_types)
+            build_for_all_versions("ray-worker-container", py_versions, image_types)
             # TODO Currently don't push ray_worker_container
         else:
             # Build Ray Docker images.
@@ -668,15 +699,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 prep_ray_ml()
                 # Only build ML Docker for the ML_CUDA_VERSION
                 build_for_all_versions(
-                    "ray-ml", py_versions, image_types=[ML_CUDA_VERSION])
+                    "ray-ml", py_versions, image_types=[ML_CUDA_VERSION]
+                )
 
             if build_type in {MERGE, PR}:
                 valid_branch = _valid_branch()
                 if (not valid_branch) and is_merge:
                     print(f"Invalid Branch found: {_get_branch()}")
-                push_and_tag_images(py_versions, image_types,
-                                    is_base_images_built, valid_branch
-                                    and is_merge)
+                push_and_tag_images(
+                    py_versions,
+                    image_types,
+                    is_base_images_built,
+                    valid_branch and is_merge,
+                )
 
         # TODO(ilr) Re-Enable Push READMEs by using a normal password
         # (not auth token :/)

ci/travis/build-multinode-image.py

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ def build_multinode_image(source_image: str, target_image: str):
         f.write("RUN sudo apt install -y openssh-server\n")
 
     subprocess.check_output(
-        f"docker build -t {target_image} .", shell=True, cwd=tempdir)
+        f"docker build -t {target_image} .", shell=True, cwd=tempdir
+    )
 
     shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
 

ci/travis/check-bazel-team-owner.py

@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ def perform_check(raw_xml_string: str):
     missing_owners = []
     for rule in tree.findall("rule"):
         test_name = rule.attrib["name"]
-        tags = [
-            child.attrib["value"] for child in rule.find("list").getchildren()
-        ]
+        tags = [child.attrib["value"] for child in rule.find("list").getchildren()]
         team_owner = [t for t in tags if t.startswith("team")]
         if len(team_owner) == 0:
             missing_owners.append(test_name)
@@ -36,7 +34,8 @@ def perform_check(raw_xml_string: str):
     if len(missing_owners):
         raise Exception(
             f"Cannot find owner for tests {missing_owners}, please add "
-            "`team:*` to the tags.")
+            "`team:*` to the tags."
+        )
 
     print(owners)
 

ci/travis/check_import_order.py

@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ exit_with_error = False
 
 
 def check_import(file):
-    check_to_lines = {
-        "import ray": -1,
-        "import psutil": -1,
-        "import setproctitle": -1
-    }
+    check_to_lines = {"import ray": -1, "import psutil": -1, "import setproctitle": -1}
 
     with io.open(file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
         for i, line in enumerate(f):
@@ -37,8 +33,10 @@ def check_import(file):
                 # It will not match the following
                 # - submodule import: `import ray.constants as ray_constants`
                 # - submodule import: `from ray import xyz`
-                if re.search(r"^\s*" + check + r"(\s*|\s+# noqa F401.*)$",
-                             line) and check_to_lines[check] == -1:
+                if (
+                    re.search(r"^\s*" + check + r"(\s*|\s+# noqa F401.*)$", line)
+                    and check_to_lines[check] == -1
+                ):
                     check_to_lines[check] = i
 
     for import_lib in ["import psutil", "import setproctitle"]:
@@ -48,8 +46,8 @@ def check_import(file):
             if import_ray_line == -1 or import_ray_line > import_psutil_line:
                 print(
                     "{}:{}".format(str(file), import_psutil_line + 1),
-                    "{} without explicitly import ray before it.".format(
-                        import_lib))
+                    "{} without explicitly import ray before it.".format(import_lib),
+                )
                 global exit_with_error
                 exit_with_error = True
 
@@ -59,8 +57,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser.add_argument("path", help="File path to check. e.g. '.' or './src'")
     # TODO(simon): For the future, consider adding a feature to explicitly
     # white-list the path instead of skipping them.
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "-s", "--skip", action="append", help="Skip certian directory")
+    parser.add_argument("-s", "--skip", action="append", help="Skip certian directory")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     file_path = Path(args.path)

ci/travis/check_minimal_install.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ DEFAULT_BLACKLIST = [
     "gpustat",
     "opencensus",
     "prometheus_client",
-    "smart_open"
+    "smart_open",
 ]
 
 
@@ -28,19 +28,20 @@ def assert_packages_not_installed(blacklist: List[str]):
     except ImportError:  # pip < 10.0
         from pip.operations import freeze
 
-    installed_packages = [
-        p.split("==")[0].split(" @ ")[0] for p in freeze.freeze()
-    ]
+    installed_packages = [p.split("==")[0].split(" @ ")[0] for p in freeze.freeze()]
 
-    assert not any(p in installed_packages for p in blacklist), \
-        f"Found blacklisted packages in installed python packages: " \
-        f"{[p for p in blacklist if p in installed_packages]}. " \
-        f"Minimal dependency tests could be tainted by this. " \
-        f"Check the install logs and primary dependencies if any of these " \
+    assert not any(p in installed_packages for p in blacklist), (
+        f"Found blacklisted packages in installed python packages: "
+        f"{[p for p in blacklist if p in installed_packages]}. "
+        f"Minimal dependency tests could be tainted by this. "
+        f"Check the install logs and primary dependencies if any of these "
         f"packages were installed as part of another install step."
+    )
 
-    print(f"Confirmed that blacklisted packages are not installed in "
-          f"current Python environment: {blacklist}")
+    print(
+        f"Confirmed that blacklisted packages are not installed in "
+        f"current Python environment: {blacklist}"
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

ci/travis/clang-tidy-diff.py

@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ def run_tidy(task_queue, lock, timeout):
         command = task_queue.get()
         try:
             proc = subprocess.Popen(
-                command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+                command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
 
             if timeout is not None:
                 watchdog = threading.Timer(timeout, proc.kill)
@@ -70,22 +71,21 @@ def run_tidy(task_queue, lock, timeout):
                     sys.stderr.flush()
         except Exception as e:
             with lock:
-                sys.stderr.write("Failed: " + str(e) + ": ".join(command) +
-                                 "\n")
+                sys.stderr.write("Failed: " + str(e) + ": ".join(command) + "\n")
         finally:
             with lock:
                 if timeout is not None and watchdog is not None:
                     if not watchdog.is_alive():
-                        sys.stderr.write("Terminated by timeout: " +
-                                         " ".join(command) + "\n")
+                        sys.stderr.write(
+                            "Terminated by timeout: " + " ".join(command) + "\n"
+                        )
                     watchdog.cancel()
             task_queue.task_done()
 
 
 def start_workers(max_tasks, tidy_caller, task_queue, lock, timeout):
     for _ in range(max_tasks):
-        t = threading.Thread(
-            target=tidy_caller, args=(task_queue, lock, timeout))
+        t = threading.Thread(target=tidy_caller, args=(task_queue, lock, timeout))
         t.daemon = True
         t.start()
 
@@ -119,84 +119,87 @@ def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Run clang-tidy against changed files, and "
         "output diagnostics only for modified "
-        "lines.")
+        "lines."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-clang-tidy-binary",
         metavar="PATH",
         default="clang-tidy",
-        help="path to clang-tidy binary")
+        help="path to clang-tidy binary",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-p",
         metavar="NUM",
         default=0,
-        help="strip the smallest prefix containing P slashes")
+        help="strip the smallest prefix containing P slashes",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-regex",
         metavar="PATTERN",
         default=None,
         help="custom pattern selecting file paths to check "
-        "(case sensitive, overrides -iregex)")
+        "(case sensitive, overrides -iregex)",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-iregex",
         metavar="PATTERN",
         default=r".*\.(cpp|cc|c\+\+|cxx|c|cl|h|hpp|m|mm|inc)",
         help="custom pattern selecting file paths to check "
-        "(case insensitive, overridden by -regex)")
+        "(case insensitive, overridden by -regex)",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-j",
         type=int,
         default=1,
-        help="number of tidy instances to be run in parallel.")
+        help="number of tidy instances to be run in parallel.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-timeout",
-        type=int,
-        default=None,
-        help="timeout per each file in seconds.")
+        "-timeout", type=int, default=None, help="timeout per each file in seconds."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-fix",
-        action="store_true",
-        default=False,
-        help="apply suggested fixes")
+        "-fix", action="store_true", default=False, help="apply suggested fixes"
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-checks",
-        help="checks filter, when not specified, use clang-tidy "
-        "default",
-        default="")
+        help="checks filter, when not specified, use clang-tidy " "default",
+        default="",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "-path",
-        dest="build_path",
-        help="Path used to read a compile command database.")
+        "-path", dest="build_path", help="Path used to read a compile command database."
+    )
     if yaml:
         parser.add_argument(
             "-export-fixes",
             metavar="FILE",
             dest="export_fixes",
             help="Create a yaml file to store suggested fixes in, "
-            "which can be applied with clang-apply-replacements.")
+            "which can be applied with clang-apply-replacements.",
+        )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-extra-arg",
         dest="extra_arg",
         action="append",
         default=[],
-        help="Additional argument to append to the compiler "
-        "command line.")
+        help="Additional argument to append to the compiler " "command line.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-extra-arg-before",
         dest="extra_arg_before",
         action="append",
         default=[],
-        help="Additional argument to prepend to the compiler "
-        "command line.")
+        help="Additional argument to prepend to the compiler " "command line.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "-quiet",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="Run clang-tidy in quiet mode")
+        help="Run clang-tidy in quiet mode",
+    )
     clang_tidy_args = []
     argv = sys.argv[1:]
     if "--" in argv:
-        clang_tidy_args.extend(argv[argv.index("--"):])
-        argv = argv[:argv.index("--")]
+        clang_tidy_args.extend(argv[argv.index("--") :])
+        argv = argv[: argv.index("--")]
 
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
 
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ def main():
     filename = None
     lines_by_file = {}
     for line in sys.stdin:
-        match = re.search('^\+\+\+\ \"?(.*?/){%s}([^ \t\n\"]*)' % args.p, line)
+        match = re.search('^\+\+\+\ "?(.*?/){%s}([^ \t\n"]*)' % args.p, line)
         if match:
             filename = match.group(2)
         if filename is None:
@@ -226,8 +229,7 @@ def main():
             if line_count == 0:
                 continue
             end_line = start_line + line_count - 1
-            lines_by_file.setdefault(filename,
-                                     []).append([start_line, end_line])
+            lines_by_file.setdefault(filename, []).append([start_line, end_line])
 
     if not any(lines_by_file):
         print("No relevant changes found.")
@@ -267,11 +269,8 @@ def main():
 
     for name in lines_by_file:
         line_filter_json = json.dumps(
-            [{
-                "name": name,
-                "lines": lines_by_file[name]
-            }],
-            separators=(",", ":"))
+            [{"name": name, "lines": lines_by_file[name]}], separators=(",", ":")
+        )
 
         # Run clang-tidy on files containing changes.
         command = [args.clang_tidy_binary]

ci/travis/determine_tests_to_run.py

@@ -38,8 +38,10 @@ def is_pull_request():
     for key in ["GITHUB_EVENT_NAME", "TRAVIS_EVENT_TYPE"]:
         event_type = os.getenv(key, event_type)
 
-    if (os.environ.get("BUILDKITE")
-            and os.environ.get("BUILDKITE_PULL_REQUEST") != "false"):
+    if (
+        os.environ.get("BUILDKITE")
+        and os.environ.get("BUILDKITE_PULL_REQUEST") != "false"
+    ):
         event_type = "pull_request"
 
     return event_type == "pull_request"
@@ -67,8 +69,7 @@ def get_commit_range():
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--output", type=str, help="json or envvars", default="envvars")
+    parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, help="json or envvars", default="envvars")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     RAY_CI_TUNE_AFFECTED = 0
@@ -103,8 +104,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         try:
             graph = pda.build_dep_graph()
             rllib_tests = pda.list_rllib_tests()
-            print(
-                "Total # of RLlib tests: ", len(rllib_tests), file=sys.stderr)
+            print("Total # of RLlib tests: ", len(rllib_tests), file=sys.stderr)
 
             impacted = {}
             for test in rllib_tests:
@@ -120,9 +120,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             print(e, file=sys.stderr)
         # End of dry run.
 
-        skip_prefix_list = [
-            "doc/", "examples/", "dev/", "kubernetes/", "site/"
-        ]
+        skip_prefix_list = ["doc/", "examples/", "dev/", "kubernetes/", "site/"]
 
         for changed_file in files:
             if changed_file.startswith("python/ray/tune"):
@@ -181,7 +179,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 # Java also depends on Python CLI to manage processes.
                 RAY_CI_JAVA_AFFECTED = 1
                 if changed_file.startswith("python/setup.py") or re.match(
-                        ".*requirements.*\.txt", changed_file):
+                    ".*requirements.*\.txt", changed_file
+                ):
                     RAY_CI_PYTHON_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECTED = 1
             elif changed_file.startswith("java/"):
                 RAY_CI_JAVA_AFFECTED = 1
@@ -190,12 +189,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             elif changed_file.startswith("docker/"):
                 RAY_CI_DOCKER_AFFECTED = 1
                 RAY_CI_LINUX_WHEELS_AFFECTED = 1
-            elif changed_file.startswith("doc/") and changed_file.endswith(
-                    ".py"):
+            elif changed_file.startswith("doc/") and changed_file.endswith(".py"):
                 RAY_CI_DOC_AFFECTED = 1
-            elif any(
-                    changed_file.startswith(prefix)
-                    for prefix in skip_prefix_list):
+            elif any(changed_file.startswith(prefix) for prefix in skip_prefix_list):
                 # nothing is run but linting in these cases
                 pass
             elif changed_file.endswith("build-docker-images.py"):
@@ -246,26 +242,28 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         RAY_CI_DASHBOARD_AFFECTED = 1
 
     # Log the modified environment variables visible in console.
-    output_string = " ".join([
-        "RAY_CI_TUNE_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_TUNE_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_SGD_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_SGD_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_TRAIN_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_TRAIN_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_RLLIB_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_RLLIB_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_RLLIB_DIRECTLY_AFFECTED={}".format(
-            RAY_CI_RLLIB_DIRECTLY_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_SERVE_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_SERVE_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_DASHBOARD_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_DASHBOARD_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_DOC_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_DOC_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_CORE_CPP_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_CORE_CPP_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_CPP_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_CPP_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_JAVA_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_JAVA_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_PYTHON_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_PYTHON_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_LINUX_WHEELS_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_LINUX_WHEELS_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_MACOS_WHEELS_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_MACOS_WHEELS_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_DOCKER_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_DOCKER_AFFECTED),
-        "RAY_CI_PYTHON_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECTED={}".format(
-            RAY_CI_PYTHON_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECTED),
-    ])
+    output_string = " ".join(
+        [
+            "RAY_CI_TUNE_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_TUNE_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_SGD_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_SGD_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_TRAIN_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_TRAIN_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_RLLIB_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_RLLIB_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_RLLIB_DIRECTLY_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_RLLIB_DIRECTLY_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_SERVE_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_SERVE_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_DASHBOARD_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_DASHBOARD_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_DOC_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_DOC_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_CORE_CPP_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_CORE_CPP_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_CPP_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_CPP_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_JAVA_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_JAVA_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_PYTHON_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_PYTHON_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_LINUX_WHEELS_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_LINUX_WHEELS_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_MACOS_WHEELS_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_MACOS_WHEELS_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_DOCKER_AFFECTED={}".format(RAY_CI_DOCKER_AFFECTED),
+            "RAY_CI_PYTHON_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECTED={}".format(
+                RAY_CI_PYTHON_DEPENDENCIES_AFFECTED
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
 
     # Debug purpose
     print(output_string, file=sys.stderr)

ci/travis/format.sh

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # Cause the script to exit if a single command fails
 set -euo pipefail
 
-BLACK_IS_ENABLED=false
+BLACK_IS_ENABLED=true
 
 FLAKE8_VERSION_REQUIRED="3.9.1"
 BLACK_VERSION_REQUIRED="21.12b0"

ci/travis/get_build_info.py

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ import json
 
 def gha_get_self_url():
     import requests
+
     # stringed together api call to get the current check's html url.
     sha = os.environ["GITHUB_SHA"]
     repo = os.environ["GITHUB_REPOSITORY"]
     resp = requests.get(
-        "https://api.github.com/repos/{}/commits/{}/check-suites".format(
-            repo, sha))
+        "https://api.github.com/repos/{}/commits/{}/check-suites".format(repo, sha)
+    )
     data = resp.json()
     for check in data["check_suites"]:
         slug = check["app"]["slug"]
         if slug == "github-actions":
             run_url = check["check_runs_url"]
-            html_url = (
-                requests.get(run_url).json()["check_runs"][0]["html_url"])
+            html_url = requests.get(run_url).json()["check_runs"][0]["html_url"]
             return html_url
 
     # Return a fallback url
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ def get_build_env():
     if os.environ.get("BUILDKITE"):
         return {
             "TRAVIS_COMMIT": os.environ["BUILDKITE_COMMIT"],
-            "TRAVIS_JOB_WEB_URL": (os.environ["BUILDKITE_BUILD_URL"] + "#" +
-                                   os.environ["BUILDKITE_BUILD_ID"]),
-            "TRAVIS_OS_NAME":  # The map is used to stay consistent with Travis
-            {
+            "TRAVIS_JOB_WEB_URL": (
+                os.environ["BUILDKITE_BUILD_URL"]
+                + "#"
+                + os.environ["BUILDKITE_BUILD_ID"]
+            ),
+            "TRAVIS_OS_NAME": {  # The map is used to stay consistent with Travis
                 "linux": "linux",
                 "darwin": "osx",
                 "win32": "windows",
@@ -70,13 +72,10 @@ def get_build_config():
         return {"config": {"env": "Windows CI"}}
 
     if os.environ.get("BUILDKITE"):
-        return {
-            "config": {
-                "env": "Buildkite " + os.environ["BUILDKITE_LABEL"]
-            }
-        }
+        return {"config": {"env": "Buildkite " + os.environ["BUILDKITE_LABEL"]}}
 
     import requests
+
     url = "https://api.travis-ci.com/job/{job_id}?include=job.config"
     url = url.format(job_id=os.environ["TRAVIS_JOB_ID"])
     resp = requests.get(url, headers={"Travis-API-Version": "3"})
@@ -87,9 +86,4 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     build_env = get_build_env()
     build_config = get_build_config()
 
-    print(
-        json.dumps(
-            {
-                "build_env": build_env,
-                "build_config": build_config
-            }, indent=2))
+    print(json.dumps({"build_env": build_env, "build_config": build_config}, indent=2))

ci/travis/py_dep_analysis.py

@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ def list_rllib_tests(n: int = -1, test: str = None) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]:
         test: only return information about a specific test.
     """
     tests_res = _run_shell(
-        ["bazel", "query", "tests(//python/ray/rllib:*)", "--output", "label"])
+        ["bazel", "query", "tests(//python/ray/rllib:*)", "--output", "label"]
+    )
 
     all_tests = []
 
@@ -53,15 +54,18 @@ def list_rllib_tests(n: int = -1, test: str = None) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]:
         if test and t != test:
             continue
 
-        src_out = _run_shell([
-            "bazel", "query", "kind(\"source file\", deps({}))".format(t),
-            "--output", "label"
-        ])
+        src_out = _run_shell(
+            [
+                "bazel",
+                "query",
+                'kind("source file", deps({}))'.format(t),
+                "--output",
+                "label",
+            ]
+        )
 
         srcs = [f.strip() for f in src_out.splitlines()]
-        srcs = [
-            f for f in srcs if f.startswith("//python") and f.endswith(".py")
-        ]
+        srcs = [f for f in srcs if f.startswith("//python") and f.endswith(".py")]
         if srcs:
             all_tests.append((t, srcs))
 
@@ -73,8 +77,7 @@ def list_rllib_tests(n: int = -1, test: str = None) -> Tuple[str, List[str]]:
 
 
 def _new_dep(graph: DepGraph, src_module: str, dep: str):
-    """Create a new dependency between src_module and dep.
-    """
+    """Create a new dependency between src_module and dep."""
     if dep not in graph.ids:
         graph.ids[dep] = len(graph.ids)
 
@@ -87,8 +90,7 @@ def _new_dep(graph: DepGraph, src_module: str, dep: str):
 
 
 def _new_import(graph: DepGraph, src_module: str, dep_module: str):
-    """Process a new import statement in src_module.
-    """
+    """Process a new import statement in src_module."""
     # We don't care about system imports.
     if not dep_module.startswith("ray"):
         return
@@ -97,8 +99,7 @@ def _new_import(graph: DepGraph, src_module: str, dep_module: str):
 
 
 def _is_path_module(module: str, name: str, _base_dir: str) -> bool:
-    """Figure out if base.sub is a python module or not.
-    """
+    """Figure out if base.sub is a python module or not."""
     # Special handling for _raylet, which is a C++ lib.
     if module == "ray._raylet":
         return False
@@ -110,10 +111,10 @@ def _is_path_module(module: str, name: str, _base_dir: str) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
-def _new_from_import(graph: DepGraph, src_module: str, dep_module: str,
-                     dep_name: str, _base_dir: str):
-    """Process a new "from ... import ..." statement in src_module.
-    """
+def _new_from_import(
+    graph: DepGraph, src_module: str, dep_module: str, dep_name: str, _base_dir: str
+):
+    """Process a new "from ... import ..." statement in src_module."""
     # We don't care about imports outside of ray package.
     if not dep_module or not dep_module.startswith("ray"):
         return
@@ -126,10 +127,7 @@ def _new_from_import(graph: DepGraph, src_module: str, dep_module: str,
         _new_dep(graph, src_module, dep_module)
 
 
-def _process_file(graph: DepGraph,
-                  src_path: str,
-                  src_module: str,
-                  _base_dir=""):
+def _process_file(graph: DepGraph, src_path: str, src_module: str, _base_dir=""):
     """Create dependencies from src_module to all the valid imports in src_path.
 
     Args:
@@ -147,13 +145,13 @@ def _process_file(graph: DepGraph,
                     _new_import(graph, src_module, alias.name)
             elif isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom):
                 for alias in node.names:
-                    _new_from_import(graph, src_module, node.module,
-                                     alias.name, _base_dir)
+                    _new_from_import(
+                        graph, src_module, node.module, alias.name, _base_dir
+                    )
 
 
 def build_dep_graph() -> DepGraph:
-    """Build index from py files to their immediate dependees.
-    """
+    """Build index from py files to their immediate dependees."""
     graph = DepGraph()
 
     # Assuming we run from root /ray directory.
@@ -197,8 +195,7 @@ def _full_module_path(module, f) -> str:
 
 
 def _should_skip(d: str) -> bool:
-    """Skip directories that should not contain py sources.
-    """
+    """Skip directories that should not contain py sources."""
     if d.startswith("python/.eggs/"):
         return True
     if d.startswith("python/."):
@@ -224,14 +221,14 @@ def _bazel_path_to_module_path(d: str) -> str:
 
 
 def _file_path_to_module_path(f: str) -> str:
-    """Return the corresponding module path for a .py file.
-    """
+    """Return the corresponding module path for a .py file."""
     dir, fn = os.path.split(f)
     return _full_module_path(_bazel_path_to_module_path(dir), fn)
 
 
-def _depends(graph: DepGraph, visited: Dict[int, bool], tid: int,
-             qid: int) -> List[int]:
+def _depends(
+    graph: DepGraph, visited: Dict[int, bool], tid: int, qid: int
+) -> List[int]:
     """Whether there is a dependency path from module tid to module qid.
 
     Given graph, and without going through visited.
@@ -253,8 +250,9 @@ def _depends(graph: DepGraph, visited: Dict[int, bool], tid: int,
     return []
 
 
-def test_depends_on_file(graph: DepGraph, test: Tuple[str, Tuple[str]],
-                         path: str) -> List[int]:
+def test_depends_on_file(
+    graph: DepGraph, test: Tuple[str, Tuple[str]], path: str
+) -> List[int]:
     """Give dependency graph, check if a test depends on a specific .py file.
 
     Args:
@@ -307,8 +305,7 @@ def _find_circular_dep_impl(graph: DepGraph, id: str, branch: str) -> bool:
 
 
 def find_circular_dep(graph: DepGraph) -> Dict[str, List[int]]:
-    """Find circular dependencies among a dependency graph.
-    """
+    """Find circular dependencies among a dependency graph."""
     known = {}
     circles = {}
     for m, id in graph.ids.items():
@@ -334,25 +331,29 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "--mode",
         type=str,
         default="test-dep",
-        help=("test-dep: find dependencies for a specified test. "
-              "circular-dep: find circular dependencies in "
-              "the specific codebase."))
+        help=(
+            "test-dep: find dependencies for a specified test. "
+            "circular-dep: find circular dependencies in "
+            "the specific codebase."
+        ),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--file",
-        type=str,
-        help="Path of a .py source file relative to --base_dir.")
+        "--file", type=str, help="Path of a .py source file relative to --base_dir."
+    )
     parser.add_argument("--test", type=str, help="Specific test to check.")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--smoke-test",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Load only a few tests for testing.")
+        "--smoke-test", action="store_true", help="Load only a few tests for testing."
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     print("building dep graph ...")
     graph = build_dep_graph()
-    print("done. total {} files, {} of which have dependencies.".format(
-        len(graph.ids), len(graph.edges)))
+    print(
+        "done. total {} files, {} of which have dependencies.".format(
+            len(graph.ids), len(graph.edges)
+        )
+    )
 
     if args.mode == "circular-dep":
         circles = find_circular_dep(graph)

ci/travis/py_dep_analysis_test.py

@@ -12,30 +12,33 @@ class TestPyDepAnalysis(unittest.TestCase):
         f.close()
 
     def test_full_module_path(self):
-        self.assertEqual(
-            pda._full_module_path("aa.bb.cc", "__init__.py"), "aa.bb.cc")
-        self.assertEqual(
-            pda._full_module_path("aa.bb.cc", "dd.py"), "aa.bb.cc.dd")
+        self.assertEqual(pda._full_module_path("aa.bb.cc", "__init__.py"), "aa.bb.cc")
+        self.assertEqual(pda._full_module_path("aa.bb.cc", "dd.py"), "aa.bb.cc.dd")
         self.assertEqual(pda._full_module_path("", "dd.py"), "dd")
 
     def test_bazel_path_to_module_path(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             pda._bazel_path_to_module_path("//python/ray/rllib:xxx/yyy/dd"),
-            "ray.rllib.xxx.yyy.dd")
+            "ray.rllib.xxx.yyy.dd",
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             pda._bazel_path_to_module_path("python:ray/rllib/xxx/yyy/dd"),
-            "ray.rllib.xxx.yyy.dd")
+            "ray.rllib.xxx.yyy.dd",
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             pda._bazel_path_to_module_path("python/ray/rllib:xxx/yyy/dd"),
-            "ray.rllib.xxx.yyy.dd")
+            "ray.rllib.xxx.yyy.dd",
+        )
 
     def test_file_path_to_module_path(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             pda._file_path_to_module_path("python/ray/rllib/env/env.py"),
-            "ray.rllib.env.env")
+            "ray.rllib.env.env",
+        )
         self.assertEqual(
             pda._file_path_to_module_path("python/ray/rllib/env/__init__.py"),
-            "ray.rllib.env")
+            "ray.rllib.env",
+        )
 
     def test_import_line_continuation(self):
         graph = pda.DepGraph()
@@ -44,11 +47,13 @@ class TestPyDepAnalysis(unittest.TestCase):
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
             src_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "continuation1.py")
             self.create_tmp_file(
-                src_path, """
+                src_path,
+                """
 import ray.rllib.env.\\
     mock_env
 b = 2
-""")
+""",
+            )
             pda._process_file(graph, src_path, "ray")
 
         self.assertEqual(len(graph.ids), 2)
@@ -64,11 +69,13 @@ b = 2
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
             src_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "continuation1.py")
             self.create_tmp_file(
-                src_path, """
+                src_path,
+                """
 from ray.rllib.env import (ClassName,
     module1, module2)
 b = 2
-""")
+""",
+            )
             pda._process_file(graph, src_path, "ray")
 
         self.assertEqual(len(graph.ids), 2)
@@ -84,11 +91,13 @@ b = 2
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
             src_path = "multi_line_comment_3.py"
             self.create_tmp_file(
-                os.path.join(tmpdir, src_path), """
+                os.path.join(tmpdir, src_path),
+                """
 from ray.rllib.env import mock_env
 a = 1
 b = 2
-""")
+""",
+            )
             # Touch ray/rllib/env/mock_env.py in tmpdir,
             # so that it looks like a module.
             module_dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, "python", "ray", "rllib", "env")
@@ -112,11 +121,13 @@ b = 2
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
             src_path = "multi_line_comment_3.py"
             self.create_tmp_file(
-                os.path.join(tmpdir, src_path), """
+                os.path.join(tmpdir, src_path),
+                """
 from ray.rllib.env import MockEnv
 a = 1
 b = 2
-""")
+""",
+            )
             # Touch ray/rllib/env.py in tmpdir,
             # MockEnv is a class on env module.
             module_dir = os.path.join(tmpdir, "python", "ray", "rllib")
@@ -138,4 +149,5 @@ b = 2
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import pytest
     import sys
+
     sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))

dashboard/agent.py

@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@ import ray.ray_constants as ray_constants
 import ray._private.services
 import ray._private.utils
 from ray._private.gcs_pubsub import gcs_pubsub_enabled, GcsPublisher
-from ray._private.gcs_utils import GcsClient, \
-    get_gcs_address_from_redis, use_gcs_for_bootstrap
+from ray._private.gcs_utils import (
+    GcsClient,
+    get_gcs_address_from_redis,
+    use_gcs_for_bootstrap,
+)
 from ray.core.generated import agent_manager_pb2
 from ray.core.generated import agent_manager_pb2_grpc
 from ray._private.ray_logging import setup_component_logger
@@ -42,23 +45,25 @@ aiogrpc.init_grpc_aio()
 
 
 class DashboardAgent(object):
-    def __init__(self,
-                 node_ip_address,
-                 redis_address,
-                 dashboard_agent_port,
-                 gcs_address,
-                 minimal,
-                 redis_password=None,
-                 temp_dir=None,
-                 session_dir=None,
-                 runtime_env_dir=None,
-                 log_dir=None,
-                 metrics_export_port=None,
-                 node_manager_port=None,
-                 listen_port=0,
-                 object_store_name=None,
-                 raylet_name=None,
-                 logging_params=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        node_ip_address,
+        redis_address,
+        dashboard_agent_port,
+        gcs_address,
+        minimal,
+        redis_password=None,
+        temp_dir=None,
+        session_dir=None,
+        runtime_env_dir=None,
+        log_dir=None,
+        metrics_export_port=None,
+        node_manager_port=None,
+        listen_port=0,
+        object_store_name=None,
+        raylet_name=None,
+        logging_params=None,
+    ):
         """Initialize the DashboardAgent object."""
         # Public attributes are accessible for all agent modules.
         self.ip = node_ip_address
@@ -92,15 +97,16 @@ class DashboardAgent(object):
             self.ppid = int(os.environ["RAY_RAYLET_PID"])
             assert self.ppid > 0
             logger.info("Parent pid is %s", self.ppid)
-        self.server = aiogrpc.server(options=(("grpc.so_reuseport", 0), ))
+        self.server = aiogrpc.server(options=(("grpc.so_reuseport", 0),))
         grpc_ip = "127.0.0.1" if self.ip == "127.0.0.1" else "0.0.0.0"
         self.grpc_port = ray._private.tls_utils.add_port_to_grpc_server(
-            self.server, f"{grpc_ip}:{self.dashboard_agent_port}")
-        logger.info("Dashboard agent grpc address: %s:%s", grpc_ip,
-                    self.grpc_port)
-        options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0), )
+            self.server, f"{grpc_ip}:{self.dashboard_agent_port}"
+        )
+        logger.info("Dashboard agent grpc address: %s:%s", grpc_ip, self.grpc_port)
+        options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0),)
         self.aiogrpc_raylet_channel = ray._private.utils.init_grpc_channel(
-            f"{self.ip}:{self.node_manager_port}", options, asynchronous=True)
+            f"{self.ip}:{self.node_manager_port}", options, asynchronous=True
+        )
 
         # If the agent is started as non-minimal version, http server should
         # be configured to communicate with the dashboard in a head node.
@@ -108,6 +114,7 @@ class DashboardAgent(object):
 
     async def _configure_http_server(self, modules):
         from ray.dashboard.http_server_agent import HttpServerAgent
+
         http_server = HttpServerAgent(self.ip, self.listen_port)
         await http_server.start(modules)
         return http_server
@@ -116,10 +123,12 @@ class DashboardAgent(object):
         """Load dashboard agent modules."""
         modules = []
         agent_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(
-            dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule)
+            dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule
+        )
         for cls in agent_cls_list:
-            logger.info("Loading %s: %s",
-                        dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule.__name__, cls)
+            logger.info(
+                "Loading %s: %s", dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule.__name__, cls
+            )
             c = cls(self)
             modules.append(c)
         logger.info("Loaded %d modules.", len(modules))
@@ -137,13 +146,12 @@ class DashboardAgent(object):
                 curr_proc = psutil.Process()
                 while True:
                     parent = curr_proc.parent()
-                    if (parent is None or parent.pid == 1
-                            or self.ppid != parent.pid):
+                    if parent is None or parent.pid == 1 or self.ppid != parent.pid:
                         logger.error("Raylet is dead, exiting.")
                         sys.exit(0)
                     await asyncio.sleep(
-                        dashboard_consts.
-                        DASHBOARD_AGENT_CHECK_PARENT_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+                        dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_CHECK_PARENT_INTERVAL_SECONDS
+                    )
             except Exception:
                 logger.error("Failed to check parent PID, exiting.")
                 sys.exit(1)
@@ -154,15 +162,17 @@ class DashboardAgent(object):
         if not use_gcs_for_bootstrap():
             # Create an aioredis client for all modules.
             try:
-                self.aioredis_client = \
-                    await dashboard_utils.get_aioredis_client(
-                        self.redis_address, self.redis_password,
-                        dashboard_consts.CONNECT_REDIS_INTERNAL_SECONDS,
-                        dashboard_consts.RETRY_REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMES)
+                self.aioredis_client = await dashboard_utils.get_aioredis_client(
+                    self.redis_address,
+                    self.redis_password,
+                    dashboard_consts.CONNECT_REDIS_INTERNAL_SECONDS,
+                    dashboard_consts.RETRY_REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMES,
+                )
             except (socket.gaierror, ConnectionRefusedError):
                 logger.error(
-                    "Dashboard agent exiting: "
-                    "Failed to connect to redis at %s", self.redis_address)
+                    "Dashboard agent exiting: " "Failed to connect to redis at %s",
+                    self.redis_address,
+                )
                 sys.exit(-1)
 
         # Start a grpc asyncio server.
@@ -170,7 +180,8 @@ class DashboardAgent(object):
 
         if not use_gcs_for_bootstrap():
             gcs_address = await self.aioredis_client.get(
-                dashboard_consts.GCS_SERVER_ADDRESS)
+                dashboard_consts.GCS_SERVER_ADDRESS
+            )
             self.gcs_client = GcsClient(address=gcs_address.decode())
         else:
             self.gcs_client = GcsClient(address=self.gcs_address)
@@ -192,17 +203,21 @@ class DashboardAgent(object):
         internal_kv._internal_kv_put(
             f"{dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_PORT_PREFIX}{self.node_id}",
             json.dumps([http_port, self.grpc_port]),
-            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD,
+        )
 
         # Register agent to agent manager.
         raylet_stub = agent_manager_pb2_grpc.AgentManagerServiceStub(
-            self.aiogrpc_raylet_channel)
+            self.aiogrpc_raylet_channel
+        )
 
         await raylet_stub.RegisterAgent(
             agent_manager_pb2.RegisterAgentRequest(
                 agent_pid=os.getpid(),
                 agent_port=self.grpc_port,
-                agent_ip_address=self.ip))
+                agent_ip_address=self.ip,
+            )
+        )
 
         tasks = [m.run(self.server) for m in modules]
         if sys.platform not in ["win32", "cygwin"]:
@@ -221,123 +236,139 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "--node-ip-address",
         required=True,
         type=str,
-        help="the IP address of this node.")
+        help="the IP address of this node.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--gcs-address",
-        required=False,
-        type=str,
-        help="The address (ip:port) of GCS.")
+        "--gcs-address", required=False, type=str, help="The address (ip:port) of GCS."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--redis-address",
-        required=True,
-        type=str,
-        help="The address to use for Redis.")
+        "--redis-address", required=True, type=str, help="The address to use for Redis."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--metrics-export-port",
         required=True,
         type=int,
-        help="The port to expose metrics through Prometheus.")
+        help="The port to expose metrics through Prometheus.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--dashboard-agent-port",
         required=True,
         type=int,
-        help="The port on which the dashboard agent will receive GRPCs.")
+        help="The port on which the dashboard agent will receive GRPCs.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--node-manager-port",
         required=True,
         type=int,
-        help="The port to use for starting the node manager")
+        help="The port to use for starting the node manager",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--object-store-name",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="The socket name of the plasma store")
+        help="The socket name of the plasma store",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--listen-port",
         required=False,
         type=int,
         default=0,
-        help="Port for HTTP server to listen on")
+        help="Port for HTTP server to listen on",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--raylet-name",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="The socket path of the raylet process")
+        help="The socket path of the raylet process",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--redis-password",
         required=False,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="The password to use for Redis")
+        help="The password to use for Redis",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-level",
         required=False,
         type=lambda s: logging.getLevelName(s.upper()),
         default=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL,
         choices=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL_CHOICES,
-        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL_HELP)
+        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL_HELP,
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-format",
         required=False,
         type=str,
         default=ray_constants.LOGGER_FORMAT,
-        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_FORMAT_HELP)
+        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_FORMAT_HELP,
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-filename",
         required=False,
         type=str,
         default=dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_LOG_FILENAME,
         help="Specify the name of log file, "
-        "log to stdout if set empty, default is \"{}\".".format(
-            dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_LOG_FILENAME))
+        'log to stdout if set empty, default is "{}".'.format(
+            dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_LOG_FILENAME
+        ),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-rotate-bytes",
         required=False,
         type=int,
         default=ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BYTES,
         help="Specify the max bytes for rotating "
-        "log file, default is {} bytes.".format(
-            ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BYTES))
+        "log file, default is {} bytes.".format(ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BYTES),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-rotate-backup-count",
         required=False,
         type=int,
         default=ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BACKUP_COUNT,
-        help="Specify the backup count of rotated log file, default is {}.".
-        format(ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BACKUP_COUNT))
+        help="Specify the backup count of rotated log file, default is {}.".format(
+            ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BACKUP_COUNT
+        ),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--log-dir",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="Specify the path of log directory.")
+        help="Specify the path of log directory.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--temp-dir",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="Specify the path of the temporary directory use by Ray process.")
+        help="Specify the path of the temporary directory use by Ray process.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--session-dir",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="Specify the path of this session.")
+        help="Specify the path of this session.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--runtime-env-dir",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="Specify the path of the resource directory used by runtime_env.")
+        help="Specify the path of the resource directory used by runtime_env.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--minimal",
         action="store_true",
         help=(
             "Minimal agent only contains a subset of features that don't "
             "require additional dependencies installed when ray is installed "
-            "by `pip install ray[default]`."))
+            "by `pip install ray[default]`."
+        ),
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     try:
@@ -347,7 +378,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             log_dir=args.log_dir,
             filename=args.logging_filename,
             max_bytes=args.logging_rotate_bytes,
-            backup_count=args.logging_rotate_backup_count)
+            backup_count=args.logging_rotate_backup_count,
+        )
         setup_component_logger(**logging_params)
 
         agent = DashboardAgent(
@@ -366,7 +398,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             listen_port=args.listen_port,
             object_store_name=args.object_store_name,
             raylet_name=args.raylet_name,
-            logging_params=logging_params)
+            logging_params=logging_params,
+        )
         if os.environ.get("_RAY_AGENT_FAILING"):
             raise Exception("Failure injection failure.")
 
@@ -390,15 +423,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                     gcs_publisher = GcsPublisher(args.gcs_address)
                 else:
                     redis_client = ray._private.services.create_redis_client(
-                        args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password)
+                        args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password
+                    )
                     gcs_publisher = GcsPublisher(
-                        address=get_gcs_address_from_redis(redis_client))
+                        address=get_gcs_address_from_redis(redis_client)
+                    )
             else:
                 redis_client = ray._private.services.create_redis_client(
-                    args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password)
+                    args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password
+                )
 
             traceback_str = ray._private.utils.format_error_message(
-                traceback.format_exc())
+                traceback.format_exc()
+            )
             message = (
                 f"(ip={node_ip}) "
                 f"The agent on node {platform.uname()[1]} failed to "
@@ -409,12 +446,14 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 "\n  2. Metrics on this node won't be reported."
                 "\n  3. runtime_env APIs won't work."
                 "\nCheck out the `dashboard_agent.log` to see the "
-                "detailed failure messages.")
+                "detailed failure messages."
+            )
             ray._private.utils.publish_error_to_driver(
                 ray_constants.DASHBOARD_AGENT_DIED_ERROR,
                 message,
                 redis_client=redis_client,
-                gcs_publisher=gcs_publisher)
+                gcs_publisher=gcs_publisher,
+            )
             logger.error(message)
         logger.exception(e)
         exit(1)

dashboard/consts.py

@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@ DASHBOARD_RPC_ADDRESS = "dashboard_rpc"
 GCS_SERVER_ADDRESS = "GcsServerAddress"
 # GCS check alive
 GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_MAX_COUNT_OF_RPC_ERROR = env_integer(
-    "GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_MAX_COUNT_OF_RPC_ERROR", 10)
-GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SECONDS = env_integer(
-    "GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SECONDS", 5)
+    "GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_MAX_COUNT_OF_RPC_ERROR", 10
+)
+GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SECONDS = env_integer("GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SECONDS", 5)
 GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_RPC_TIMEOUT = env_integer("GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_RPC_TIMEOUT", 10)
 GCS_RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL_SECONDS = env_integer(
-    "GCS_RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL_SECONDS", 2)
+    "GCS_RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL_SECONDS", 2
+)
 # aiohttp_cache
 AIOHTTP_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS = 2
 AIOHTTP_CACHE_MAX_SIZE = 128

dashboard/dashboard.py

@@ -38,17 +38,21 @@ class FrontendNotFoundError(OSError):
 
 def setup_static_dir():
     build_dir = os.path.join(
-        os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "client", "build")
+        os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "client", "build"
+    )
     module_name = os.path.basename(os.path.dirname(__file__))
     if not os.path.isdir(build_dir):
         raise FrontendNotFoundError(
-            errno.ENOENT, "Dashboard build directory not found. If installing "
+            errno.ENOENT,
+            "Dashboard build directory not found. If installing "
             "from source, please follow the additional steps "
             "required to build the dashboard"
             f"(cd python/ray/{module_name}/client "
             "&& npm install "
             "&& npm ci "
-            "&& npm run build)", build_dir)
+            "&& npm run build)",
+            build_dir,
+        )
 
     static_dir = os.path.join(build_dir, "static")
     routes.static("/static", static_dir, follow_symlinks=True)
@@ -72,14 +76,16 @@ class Dashboard:
         log_dir(str): Log directory of dashboard.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self,
-                 host,
-                 port,
-                 port_retries,
-                 gcs_address,
-                 redis_address,
-                 redis_password=None,
-                 log_dir=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port,
+        port_retries,
+        gcs_address,
+        redis_address,
+        redis_password=None,
+        log_dir=None,
+    ):
         self.dashboard_head = dashboard_head.DashboardHead(
             http_host=host,
             http_port=port,
@@ -87,7 +93,8 @@ class Dashboard:
             gcs_address=gcs_address,
             redis_address=redis_address,
             redis_password=redis_password,
-            log_dir=log_dir)
+            log_dir=log_dir,
+        )
 
         # Setup Dashboard Routes
         try:
@@ -107,15 +114,17 @@ class Dashboard:
     async def get_index(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.FileResponse:
         return aiohttp.web.FileResponse(
             os.path.join(
-                os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
-                "client/build/index.html"))
+                os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "client/build/index.html"
+            )
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/favicon.ico")
     async def get_favicon(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.FileResponse:
         return aiohttp.web.FileResponse(
             os.path.join(
-                os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
-                "client/build/favicon.ico"))
+                os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "client/build/favicon.ico"
+            )
+        )
 
     async def run(self):
         await self.dashboard_head.run()
@@ -124,92 +133,96 @@ class Dashboard:
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Ray dashboard.")
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--host",
-        required=True,
-        type=str,
-        help="The host to use for the HTTP server.")
+        "--host", required=True, type=str, help="The host to use for the HTTP server."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--port",
-        required=True,
-        type=int,
-        help="The port to use for the HTTP server.")
+        "--port", required=True, type=int, help="The port to use for the HTTP server."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--port-retries",
         required=False,
         type=int,
         default=0,
-        help="The retry times to select a valid port.")
+        help="The retry times to select a valid port.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--gcs-address",
-        required=False,
-        type=str,
-        help="The address (ip:port) of GCS.")
+        "--gcs-address", required=False, type=str, help="The address (ip:port) of GCS."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--redis-address",
-        required=True,
-        type=str,
-        help="The address to use for Redis.")
+        "--redis-address", required=True, type=str, help="The address to use for Redis."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--redis-password",
         required=False,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="The password to use for Redis")
+        help="The password to use for Redis",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-level",
         required=False,
         type=lambda s: logging.getLevelName(s.upper()),
         default=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL,
         choices=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL_CHOICES,
-        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL_HELP)
+        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL_HELP,
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-format",
         required=False,
         type=str,
         default=ray_constants.LOGGER_FORMAT,
-        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_FORMAT_HELP)
+        help=ray_constants.LOGGER_FORMAT_HELP,
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-filename",
         required=False,
         type=str,
         default=dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_LOG_FILENAME,
         help="Specify the name of log file, "
-        "log to stdout if set empty, default is \"{}\"".format(
-            dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_LOG_FILENAME))
+        'log to stdout if set empty, default is "{}"'.format(
+            dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_LOG_FILENAME
+        ),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-rotate-bytes",
         required=False,
         type=int,
         default=ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BYTES,
         help="Specify the max bytes for rotating "
-        "log file, default is {} bytes.".format(
-            ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BYTES))
+        "log file, default is {} bytes.".format(ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BYTES),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--logging-rotate-backup-count",
         required=False,
         type=int,
         default=ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BACKUP_COUNT,
-        help="Specify the backup count of rotated log file, default is {}.".
-        format(ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BACKUP_COUNT))
+        help="Specify the backup count of rotated log file, default is {}.".format(
+            ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BACKUP_COUNT
+        ),
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--log-dir",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="Specify the path of log directory.")
+        help="Specify the path of log directory.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--temp-dir",
         required=True,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="Specify the path of the temporary directory use by Ray process.")
+        help="Specify the path of the temporary directory use by Ray process.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--minimal",
         action="store_true",
         help=(
             "Minimal dashboard only contains a subset of features that don't "
             "require additional dependencies installed when ray is installed "
-            "by `pip install ray[default]`."))
+            "by `pip install ray[default]`."
+        ),
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -226,7 +239,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             log_dir=args.log_dir,
             filename=args.logging_filename,
             max_bytes=args.logging_rotate_bytes,
-            backup_count=args.logging_rotate_backup_count)
+            backup_count=args.logging_rotate_backup_count,
+        )
 
         dashboard = Dashboard(
             args.host,
@@ -235,25 +249,27 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             args.gcs_address,
             args.redis_address,
             redis_password=args.redis_password,
-            log_dir=args.log_dir)
+            log_dir=args.log_dir,
+        )
         # TODO(fyrestone): Avoid using ray.state in dashboard, it's not
         # asynchronous and will lead to low performance. ray disconnect()
         # will be hang when the ray.state is connected and the GCS is exit.
         # Please refer to: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/16328
         service_discovery = PrometheusServiceDiscoveryWriter(
-            args.redis_address, args.redis_password, args.gcs_address,
-            args.temp_dir)
+            args.redis_address, args.redis_password, args.gcs_address, args.temp_dir
+        )
         # Need daemon True to avoid dashboard hangs at exit.
         service_discovery.daemon = True
         service_discovery.start()
         loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
         loop.run_until_complete(dashboard.run())
     except Exception as e:
-        traceback_str = ray._private.utils.format_error_message(
-            traceback.format_exc())
-        message = f"The dashboard on node {platform.uname()[1]} " \
-                  f"failed with the following " \
-                  f"error:\n{traceback_str}"
+        traceback_str = ray._private.utils.format_error_message(traceback.format_exc())
+        message = (
+            f"The dashboard on node {platform.uname()[1]} "
+            f"failed with the following "
+            f"error:\n{traceback_str}"
+        )
         if isinstance(e, FrontendNotFoundError):
             logger.warning(message)
         else:
@@ -268,17 +284,21 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 gcs_publisher = GcsPublisher(args.gcs_address)
             else:
                 redis_client = ray._private.services.create_redis_client(
-                    args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password)
+                    args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password
+                )
                 gcs_publisher = GcsPublisher(
-                    address=gcs_utils.get_gcs_address_from_redis(redis_client))
+                    address=gcs_utils.get_gcs_address_from_redis(redis_client)
+                )
                 redis_client = None
         else:
             redis_client = ray._private.services.create_redis_client(
-                args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password)
+                args.redis_address, password=args.redis_password
+            )
 
         ray._private.utils.publish_error_to_driver(
             redis_client,
             ray_constants.DASHBOARD_DIED_ERROR,
             message,
             redis_client=redis_client,
-            gcs_publisher=gcs_publisher)
+            gcs_publisher=gcs_publisher,
+        )

dashboard/datacenter.py

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 import ray.dashboard.consts as dashboard_consts
 import ray.dashboard.memory_utils as memory_utils
+
 # TODO(fyrestone): Not import from dashboard module.
-from ray.dashboard.modules.actor.actor_utils import \
-    actor_classname_from_task_spec
+from ray.dashboard.modules.actor.actor_utils import actor_classname_from_task_spec
 from ray.dashboard.utils import Dict, Signal, async_loop_forever
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ class DataOrganizer:
             worker["errorCount"] = len(node_errs.get(str(pid), []))
             worker["coreWorkerStats"] = pid_to_worker_stats.get(pid, [])
             worker["language"] = pid_to_language.get(
-                pid, dashboard_consts.DEFAULT_LANGUAGE)
-            worker["jobId"] = pid_to_job_id.get(
-                pid, dashboard_consts.DEFAULT_JOB_ID)
+                pid, dashboard_consts.DEFAULT_LANGUAGE
+            )
+            worker["jobId"] = pid_to_job_id.get(pid, dashboard_consts.DEFAULT_JOB_ID)
 
             await GlobalSignals.worker_info_fetched.send(node_id, worker)
 
@@ -143,8 +143,7 @@ class DataOrganizer:
 
     @classmethod
     async def get_node_info(cls, node_id):
-        node_physical_stats = dict(
-            DataSource.node_physical_stats.get(node_id, {}))
+        node_physical_stats = dict(DataSource.node_physical_stats.get(node_id, {}))
         node_stats = dict(DataSource.node_stats.get(node_id, {}))
         node = DataSource.nodes.get(node_id, {})
         node_ip = DataSource.node_id_to_ip.get(node_id)
@@ -162,8 +161,8 @@ class DataOrganizer:
 
         view_data = node_stats.get("viewData", [])
         ray_stats = cls._extract_view_data(
-            view_data,
-            {"object_store_used_memory", "object_store_available_memory"})
+            view_data, {"object_store_used_memory", "object_store_available_memory"}
+        )
 
         node_info = node_physical_stats
         # Merge node stats to node physical stats under raylet
@@ -184,8 +183,7 @@ class DataOrganizer:
 
     @classmethod
     async def get_node_summary(cls, node_id):
-        node_physical_stats = dict(
-            DataSource.node_physical_stats.get(node_id, {}))
+        node_physical_stats = dict(DataSource.node_physical_stats.get(node_id, {}))
         node_stats = dict(DataSource.node_stats.get(node_id, {}))
         node = DataSource.nodes.get(node_id, {})
 
@@ -193,8 +191,8 @@ class DataOrganizer:
         node_stats.pop("workersStats", None)
         view_data = node_stats.get("viewData", [])
         ray_stats = cls._extract_view_data(
-            view_data,
-            {"object_store_used_memory", "object_store_available_memory"})
+            view_data, {"object_store_used_memory", "object_store_available_memory"}
+        )
         node_stats.pop("viewData", None)
 
         node_summary = node_physical_stats
@@ -244,8 +242,9 @@ class DataOrganizer:
         actor = dict(actor)
         worker_id = actor["address"]["workerId"]
         core_worker_stats = DataSource.core_worker_stats.get(worker_id, {})
-        actor_constructor = core_worker_stats.get("actorTitle",
-                                                  "Unknown actor constructor")
+        actor_constructor = core_worker_stats.get(
+            "actorTitle", "Unknown actor constructor"
+        )
         actor["actorConstructor"] = actor_constructor
         actor.update(core_worker_stats)
 
@@ -275,8 +274,12 @@ class DataOrganizer:
     @classmethod
     async def get_actor_creation_tasks(cls):
         infeasible_tasks = sum(
-            (list(node_stats.get("infeasibleTasks", []))
-             for node_stats in DataSource.node_stats.values()), [])
+            (
+                list(node_stats.get("infeasibleTasks", []))
+                for node_stats in DataSource.node_stats.values()
+            ),
+            [],
+        )
         new_infeasible_tasks = []
         for task in infeasible_tasks:
             task = dict(task)
@@ -285,8 +288,12 @@ class DataOrganizer:
             new_infeasible_tasks.append(task)
 
         resource_pending_tasks = sum(
-            (list(data.get("readyTasks", []))
-             for data in DataSource.node_stats.values()), [])
+            (
+                list(data.get("readyTasks", []))
+                for data in DataSource.node_stats.values()
+            ),
+            [],
+        )
         new_resource_pending_tasks = []
         for task in resource_pending_tasks:
             task = dict(task)
@@ -301,14 +308,17 @@ class DataOrganizer:
         return results
 
     @classmethod
-    async def get_memory_table(cls,
-                               sort_by=memory_utils.SortingType.OBJECT_SIZE,
-                               group_by=memory_utils.GroupByType.STACK_TRACE):
+    async def get_memory_table(
+        cls,
+        sort_by=memory_utils.SortingType.OBJECT_SIZE,
+        group_by=memory_utils.GroupByType.STACK_TRACE,
+    ):
         all_worker_stats = []
         for node_stats in DataSource.node_stats.values():
             all_worker_stats.extend(node_stats.get("coreWorkersStats", []))
         memory_information = memory_utils.construct_memory_table(
-            all_worker_stats, group_by=group_by, sort_by=sort_by)
+            all_worker_stats, group_by=group_by, sort_by=sort_by
+        )
         return memory_information
 
     @staticmethod

dashboard/head.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from queue import Queue
 
 from distutils.version import LooseVersion
 import grpc
+
 try:
     from grpc import aio as aiogrpc
 except ImportError:
@@ -23,8 +24,11 @@ import ray.dashboard.consts as dashboard_consts
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
 import ray.dashboard.optional_utils as dashboard_optional_utils
 from ray import ray_constants
-from ray._private.gcs_pubsub import gcs_pubsub_enabled, \
-    GcsAioErrorSubscriber, GcsAioLogSubscriber
+from ray._private.gcs_pubsub import (
+    gcs_pubsub_enabled,
+    GcsAioErrorSubscriber,
+    GcsAioLogSubscriber,
+)
 from ray.core.generated import gcs_service_pb2
 from ray.core.generated import gcs_service_pb2_grpc
 from ray.dashboard.datacenter import DataOrganizer
@@ -42,33 +46,33 @@ aiogrpc.init_grpc_aio()
 GRPC_CHANNEL_OPTIONS = (
     ("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0),
     ("grpc.max_send_message_length", ray_constants.GRPC_CPP_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE),
-    ("grpc.max_receive_message_length",
-     ray_constants.GRPC_CPP_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE),
+    ("grpc.max_receive_message_length", ray_constants.GRPC_CPP_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE),
 )
 
 
 async def get_gcs_address_with_retry(redis_client) -> str:
     while True:
         try:
-            gcs_address = (await redis_client.get(
-                dashboard_consts.GCS_SERVER_ADDRESS)).decode()
+            gcs_address = (
+                await redis_client.get(dashboard_consts.GCS_SERVER_ADDRESS)
+            ).decode()
             if not gcs_address:
                 raise Exception("GCS address not found.")
             logger.info("Connect to GCS at %s", gcs_address)
             return gcs_address
         except Exception as ex:
             logger.error("Connect to GCS failed: %s, retry...", ex)
-            await asyncio.sleep(
-                dashboard_consts.GCS_RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+            await asyncio.sleep(dashboard_consts.GCS_RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
 
 
 class GCSHealthCheckThread(threading.Thread):
     def __init__(self, gcs_address: str):
         self.grpc_gcs_channel = ray._private.utils.init_grpc_channel(
-            gcs_address, options=GRPC_CHANNEL_OPTIONS)
-        self.gcs_heartbeat_info_stub = (
-            gcs_service_pb2_grpc.HeartbeatInfoGcsServiceStub(
-                self.grpc_gcs_channel))
+            gcs_address, options=GRPC_CHANNEL_OPTIONS
+        )
+        self.gcs_heartbeat_info_stub = gcs_service_pb2_grpc.HeartbeatInfoGcsServiceStub(
+            self.grpc_gcs_channel
+        )
         self.work_queue = Queue()
 
         super().__init__(daemon=True)
@@ -83,10 +87,10 @@ class GCSHealthCheckThread(threading.Thread):
         request = gcs_service_pb2.CheckAliveRequest()
         try:
             reply = self.gcs_heartbeat_info_stub.CheckAlive(
-                request, timeout=dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_RPC_TIMEOUT)
+                request, timeout=dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_RPC_TIMEOUT
+            )
             if reply.status.code != 0:
-                logger.exception(
-                    f"Failed to CheckAlive: {reply.status.message}")
+                logger.exception(f"Failed to CheckAlive: {reply.status.message}")
                 return False
         except grpc.RpcError:  # Deadline Exceeded
             logger.exception("Got RpcError when checking GCS is alive")
@@ -95,9 +99,9 @@ class GCSHealthCheckThread(threading.Thread):
 
     async def check_once(self) -> bool:
         """Ask the thread to perform a healthcheck."""
-        assert threading.current_thread != self, (
-            "caller shouldn't be from the same thread as GCSHealthCheckThread."
-        )
+        assert (
+            threading.current_thread != self
+        ), "caller shouldn't be from the same thread as GCSHealthCheckThread."
 
         future = Future()
         self.work_queue.put(future)
@@ -105,8 +109,16 @@ class GCSHealthCheckThread(threading.Thread):
 
 
 class DashboardHead:
-    def __init__(self, http_host, http_port, http_port_retries, gcs_address,
-                 redis_address, redis_password, log_dir):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        http_host,
+        http_port,
+        http_port_retries,
+        gcs_address,
+        redis_address,
+        redis_password,
+        log_dir,
+    ):
         self.health_check_thread: GCSHealthCheckThread = None
         self._gcs_rpc_error_counter = 0
         # Public attributes are accessible for all head modules.
@@ -134,12 +146,12 @@ class DashboardHead:
         else:
             ip, port = gcs_address.split(":")
 
-        self.server = aiogrpc.server(options=(("grpc.so_reuseport", 0), ))
+        self.server = aiogrpc.server(options=(("grpc.so_reuseport", 0),))
         grpc_ip = "127.0.0.1" if self.ip == "127.0.0.1" else "0.0.0.0"
         self.grpc_port = ray._private.tls_utils.add_port_to_grpc_server(
-            self.server, f"{grpc_ip}:0")
-        logger.info("Dashboard head grpc address: %s:%s", grpc_ip,
-                    self.grpc_port)
+            self.server, f"{grpc_ip}:0"
+        )
+        logger.info("Dashboard head grpc address: %s:%s", grpc_ip, self.grpc_port)
 
     @async_loop_forever(dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
     async def _gcs_check_alive(self):
@@ -149,7 +161,8 @@ class DashboardHead:
         # Otherwise, the dashboard will always think that gcs is alive.
         try:
             is_alive = await asyncio.wait_for(
-                check_future, dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_RPC_TIMEOUT + 1)
+                check_future, dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_RPC_TIMEOUT + 1
+            )
         except asyncio.TimeoutError:
             logger.error("Failed to check gcs health, client timed out.")
             is_alive = False
@@ -158,13 +171,16 @@ class DashboardHead:
             self._gcs_rpc_error_counter = 0
         else:
             self._gcs_rpc_error_counter += 1
-            if self._gcs_rpc_error_counter > \
-                    dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_MAX_COUNT_OF_RPC_ERROR:
+            if (
+                self._gcs_rpc_error_counter
+                > dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_MAX_COUNT_OF_RPC_ERROR
+            ):
                 logger.error(
                     "Dashboard exiting because it received too many GCS RPC "
                     "errors count: %s, threshold is %s.",
                     self._gcs_rpc_error_counter,
-                    dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_MAX_COUNT_OF_RPC_ERROR)
+                    dashboard_consts.GCS_CHECK_ALIVE_MAX_COUNT_OF_RPC_ERROR,
+                )
                 # TODO(fyrestone): Do not use ray.state in
                 # PrometheusServiceDiscoveryWriter.
                 # Currently, we use os._exit() here to avoid hanging at the ray
@@ -176,10 +192,12 @@ class DashboardHead:
         """Load dashboard head modules."""
         modules = []
         head_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(
-            dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule)
+            dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule
+        )
         for cls in head_cls_list:
-            logger.info("Loading %s: %s",
-                        dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule.__name__, cls)
+            logger.info(
+                "Loading %s: %s", dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule.__name__, cls
+            )
             c = cls(self)
             dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bind(c)
             modules.append(c)
@@ -192,15 +210,17 @@ class DashboardHead:
             return self.gcs_address
         else:
             try:
-                self.aioredis_client = \
-                    await dashboard_utils.get_aioredis_client(
-                        self.redis_address, self.redis_password,
-                        dashboard_consts.CONNECT_REDIS_INTERNAL_SECONDS,
-                        dashboard_consts.RETRY_REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMES)
+                self.aioredis_client = await dashboard_utils.get_aioredis_client(
+                    self.redis_address,
+                    self.redis_password,
+                    dashboard_consts.CONNECT_REDIS_INTERNAL_SECONDS,
+                    dashboard_consts.RETRY_REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMES,
+                )
             except (socket.gaierror, ConnectionError):
                 logger.error(
-                    "Dashboard head exiting: "
-                    "Failed to connect to redis at %s", self.redis_address)
+                    "Dashboard head exiting: " "Failed to connect to redis at %s",
+                    self.redis_address,
+                )
                 sys.exit(-1)
             return await get_gcs_address_with_retry(self.aioredis_client)
 
@@ -209,22 +229,20 @@ class DashboardHead:
         # Create a http session for all modules.
         # aiohttp<4.0.0 uses a 'loop' variable, aiohttp>=4.0.0 doesn't anymore
         if LooseVersion(aiohttp.__version__) < LooseVersion("4.0.0"):
-            self.http_session = aiohttp.ClientSession(
-                loop=asyncio.get_event_loop())
+            self.http_session = aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=asyncio.get_event_loop())
         else:
             self.http_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
 
         gcs_address = await self.get_gcs_address()
 
         # Dashboard will handle connection failure automatically
-        self.gcs_client = GcsClient(
-            address=gcs_address, nums_reconnect_retry=0)
+        self.gcs_client = GcsClient(address=gcs_address, nums_reconnect_retry=0)
         internal_kv._initialize_internal_kv(self.gcs_client)
         self.aiogrpc_gcs_channel = ray._private.utils.init_grpc_channel(
-            gcs_address, GRPC_CHANNEL_OPTIONS, asynchronous=True)
+            gcs_address, GRPC_CHANNEL_OPTIONS, asynchronous=True
+        )
         if gcs_pubsub_enabled():
-            self.gcs_error_subscriber = GcsAioErrorSubscriber(
-                address=gcs_address)
+            self.gcs_error_subscriber = GcsAioErrorSubscriber(address=gcs_address)
             self.gcs_log_subscriber = GcsAioLogSubscriber(address=gcs_address)
             await self.gcs_error_subscriber.subscribe()
             await self.gcs_log_subscriber.subscribe()
@@ -248,7 +266,7 @@ class DashboardHead:
 
         # Http server should be initialized after all modules loaded.
         # working_dir uploads for job submission can be up to 100MiB.
-        app = aiohttp.web.Application(client_max_size=100 * 1024**2)
+        app = aiohttp.web.Application(client_max_size=100 * 1024 ** 2)
         app.add_routes(routes=routes.bound_routes())
 
         runner = aiohttp.web.AppRunner(app)
@@ -256,8 +274,7 @@ class DashboardHead:
         last_ex = None
         for i in range(1 + self.http_port_retries):
             try:
-                site = aiohttp.web.TCPSite(runner, self.http_host,
-                                           self.http_port)
+                site = aiohttp.web.TCPSite(runner, self.http_host, self.http_port)
                 await site.start()
                 break
             except OSError as e:
@@ -265,11 +282,14 @@ class DashboardHead:
                 self.http_port += 1
                 logger.warning("Try to use port %s: %s", self.http_port, e)
         else:
-            raise Exception(f"Failed to find a valid port for dashboard after "
-                            f"{self.http_port_retries} retries: {last_ex}")
+            raise Exception(
+                f"Failed to find a valid port for dashboard after "
+                f"{self.http_port_retries} retries: {last_ex}"
+            )
         http_host, http_port, *_ = site._server.sockets[0].getsockname()
-        http_host = self.ip if ipaddress.ip_address(
-            http_host).is_unspecified else http_host
+        http_host = (
+            self.ip if ipaddress.ip_address(http_host).is_unspecified else http_host
+        )
         logger.info("Dashboard head http address: %s:%s", http_host, http_port)
 
         # TODO: Use async version if performance is an issue
@@ -277,16 +297,16 @@ class DashboardHead:
         internal_kv._internal_kv_put(
             ray_constants.DASHBOARD_ADDRESS,
             f"{http_host}:{http_port}",
-            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD,
+        )
         internal_kv._internal_kv_put(
             dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_RPC_ADDRESS,
             f"{self.ip}:{self.grpc_port}",
-            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD,
+        )
 
         # Dump registered http routes.
-        dump_routes = [
-            r for r in app.router.routes() if r.method != hdrs.METH_HEAD
-        ]
+        dump_routes = [r for r in app.router.routes() if r.method != hdrs.METH_HEAD]
         for r in dump_routes:
             logger.info(r)
         logger.info("Registered %s routes.", len(dump_routes))
@@ -299,6 +319,5 @@ class DashboardHead:
             DataOrganizer.purge(),
             DataOrganizer.organize(),
         ]
-        await asyncio.gather(*concurrent_tasks,
-                             *(m.run(self.server) for m in modules))
+        await asyncio.gather(*concurrent_tasks, *(m.run(self.server) for m in modules))
         await self.server.wait_for_termination()

dashboard/http_server_agent.py

@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ class HttpServerAgent:
         # Create a http session for all modules.
         # aiohttp<4.0.0 uses a 'loop' variable, aiohttp>=4.0.0 doesn't anymore
         if LooseVersion(aiohttp.__version__) < LooseVersion("4.0.0"):
-            self.http_session = aiohttp.ClientSession(
-                loop=asyncio.get_event_loop())
+            self.http_session = aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=asyncio.get_event_loop())
         else:
             self.http_session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
 
@@ -47,25 +46,26 @@ class HttpServerAgent:
                     allow_methods="*",
                     allow_headers=("Content-Type", "X-Header"),
                 )
-            })
+            },
+        )
         for route in list(app.router.routes()):
             cors.add(route)
 
         self.runner = aiohttp.web.AppRunner(app)
         await self.runner.setup()
         site = aiohttp.web.TCPSite(
-            self.runner, "127.0.0.1"
-            if self.ip == "127.0.0.1" else "0.0.0.0", self.listen_port)
+            self.runner,
+            "127.0.0.1" if self.ip == "127.0.0.1" else "0.0.0.0",
+            self.listen_port,
+        )
         await site.start()
-        self.http_host, self.http_port, *_ = (
-            site._server.sockets[0].getsockname())
-        logger.info("Dashboard agent http address: %s:%s", self.http_host,
-                    self.http_port)
+        self.http_host, self.http_port, *_ = site._server.sockets[0].getsockname()
+        logger.info(
+            "Dashboard agent http address: %s:%s", self.http_host, self.http_port
+        )
 
         # Dump registered http routes.
-        dump_routes = [
-            r for r in app.router.routes() if r.method != hdrs.METH_HEAD
-        ]
+        dump_routes = [r for r in app.router.routes() if r.method != hdrs.METH_HEAD]
         for r in dump_routes:
             logger.info(r)
         logger.info("Registered %s routes.", len(dump_routes))

dashboard/k8s_utils.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def cpu_percent():
         delta in total host cpu usage, averaged over host's cpus.
 
     Since deltas are not initially available, return 0.0 on first call.
-    """ # noqa
+    """  # noqa
     global last_system_usage
     global last_cpu_usage
     try:
@@ -43,12 +43,10 @@ def cpu_percent():
         else:
             cpu_delta = cpu_usage - last_cpu_usage
             # "System time passed." (Typically close to clock time.)
-            system_delta = (
-                (system_usage - last_system_usage) / _host_num_cpus())
+            system_delta = (system_usage - last_system_usage) / _host_num_cpus()
 
             quotient = cpu_delta / system_delta
-            cpu_percent = round(
-                quotient * 100 / ray._private.utils.get_k8s_cpus(), 1)
+            cpu_percent = round(quotient * 100 / ray._private.utils.get_k8s_cpus(), 1)
         last_system_usage = system_usage
         last_cpu_usage = cpu_usage
         # Computed percentage might be slightly above 100%.
@@ -73,14 +71,14 @@ def _system_usage():
 
     See also the /proc/stat entry here:
     https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc.5.html
-    """ # noqa
+    """  # noqa
     cpu_summary_str = open(PROC_STAT_PATH).read().split("\n")[0]
     parts = cpu_summary_str.split()
     assert parts[0] == "cpu"
     usage_data = parts[1:8]
     total_clock_ticks = sum(int(entry) for entry in usage_data)
     # 100 clock ticks per second, 10^9 ns per second
-    usage_ns = total_clock_ticks * 10**7
+    usage_ns = total_clock_ticks * 10 ** 7
     return usage_ns
 
 
@@ -91,7 +89,8 @@ def _host_num_cpus():
         proc_stat_lines = open(PROC_STAT_PATH).read().split("\n")
         split_proc_stat_lines = [line.split() for line in proc_stat_lines]
         cpu_lines = [
-            split_line for split_line in split_proc_stat_lines
+            split_line
+            for split_line in split_proc_stat_lines
             if len(split_line) > 0 and "cpu" in split_line[0]
         ]
         # Number of lines starting with a word including 'cpu', subtracting

dashboard/memory_utils.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import List
 
 import ray
 
-from ray._raylet import (TaskID, ActorID, JobID)
+from ray._raylet import TaskID, ActorID, JobID
 from ray.internal.internal_api import node_stats
 import logging
 
@@ -69,8 +69,10 @@ def get_sorting_type(sort_by: str):
     elif sort_by == "REFERENCE_TYPE":
         return SortingType.REFERENCE_TYPE
     else:
-        raise Exception("The sort-by input provided is not one of\
-                PID, OBJECT_SIZE, or REFERENCE_TYPE.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "The sort-by input provided is not one of\
+                PID, OBJECT_SIZE, or REFERENCE_TYPE."
+        )
 
 
 def get_group_by_type(group_by: str):
@@ -81,13 +83,16 @@ def get_group_by_type(group_by: str):
     elif group_by == "STACK_TRACE":
         return GroupByType.STACK_TRACE
     else:
-        raise Exception("The group-by input provided is not one of\
-                NODE_ADDRESS or STACK_TRACE.")
+        raise Exception(
+            "The group-by input provided is not one of\
+                NODE_ADDRESS or STACK_TRACE."
+        )
 
 
 class MemoryTableEntry:
-    def __init__(self, *, object_ref: dict, node_address: str, is_driver: bool,
-                 pid: int):
+    def __init__(
+        self, *, object_ref: dict, node_address: str, is_driver: bool, pid: int
+    ):
         # worker info
         self.is_driver = is_driver
         self.pid = pid
@@ -97,13 +102,13 @@ class MemoryTableEntry:
         self.object_size = int(object_ref.get("objectSize", -1))
         self.call_site = object_ref.get("callSite", "<Unknown>")
         self.object_ref = ray.ObjectRef(
-            decode_object_ref_if_needed(object_ref["objectId"]))
+            decode_object_ref_if_needed(object_ref["objectId"])
+        )
 
         # reference info
         self.local_ref_count = int(object_ref.get("localRefCount", 0))
         self.pinned_in_memory = bool(object_ref.get("pinnedInMemory", False))
-        self.submitted_task_ref_count = int(
-            object_ref.get("submittedTaskRefCount", 0))
+        self.submitted_task_ref_count = int(object_ref.get("submittedTaskRefCount", 0))
         self.contained_in_owned = [
             ray.ObjectRef(decode_object_ref_if_needed(object_ref))
             for object_ref in object_ref.get("containedInOwned", [])
@@ -113,9 +118,12 @@ class MemoryTableEntry:
     def is_valid(self) -> bool:
         # If the entry doesn't have a reference type or some invalid state,
         # (e.g., no object ref presented), it is considered invalid.
-        if (not self.pinned_in_memory and self.local_ref_count == 0
-                and self.submitted_task_ref_count == 0
-                and len(self.contained_in_owned) == 0):
+        if (
+            not self.pinned_in_memory
+            and self.local_ref_count == 0
+            and self.submitted_task_ref_count == 0
+            and len(self.contained_in_owned) == 0
+        ):
             return False
         elif self.object_ref.is_nil():
             return False
@@ -153,10 +161,10 @@ class MemoryTableEntry:
         # are not all 'f', that means it is an actor creation
         # task, which is an actor handle.
         random_bits = object_ref_hex[:TASKID_RANDOM_BITS_SIZE]
-        actor_random_bits = object_ref_hex[TASKID_RANDOM_BITS_SIZE:
-                                           TASKID_RANDOM_BITS_SIZE +
-                                           ACTORID_RANDOM_BITS_SIZE]
-        if (random_bits == "f" * 16 and not actor_random_bits == "f" * 24):
+        actor_random_bits = object_ref_hex[
+            TASKID_RANDOM_BITS_SIZE : TASKID_RANDOM_BITS_SIZE + ACTORID_RANDOM_BITS_SIZE
+        ]
+        if random_bits == "f" * 16 and not actor_random_bits == "f" * 24:
             return True
         else:
             return False
@@ -175,7 +183,7 @@ class MemoryTableEntry:
             "contained_in_owned": [
                 object_ref.hex() for object_ref in self.contained_in_owned
             ],
-            "type": "Driver" if self.is_driver else "Worker"
+            "type": "Driver" if self.is_driver else "Worker",
         }
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -186,10 +194,12 @@ class MemoryTableEntry:
 
 
 class MemoryTable:
-    def __init__(self,
-                 entries: List[MemoryTableEntry],
-                 group_by_type: GroupByType = GroupByType.NODE_ADDRESS,
-                 sort_by_type: SortingType = SortingType.PID):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        entries: List[MemoryTableEntry],
+        group_by_type: GroupByType = GroupByType.NODE_ADDRESS,
+        sort_by_type: SortingType = SortingType.PID,
+    ):
         self.table = entries
         # Group is a list of memory tables grouped by a group key.
         self.group = {}
@@ -247,7 +257,7 @@ class MemoryTable:
             "total_pinned_in_memory": total_pinned_in_memory,
             "total_used_by_pending_task": total_used_by_pending_task,
             "total_captured_in_objects": total_captured_in_objects,
-            "total_actor_handles": total_actor_handles
+            "total_actor_handles": total_actor_handles,
         }
         return self
 
@@ -278,7 +288,8 @@ class MemoryTable:
         # Build a group table.
         for group_key, entries in group.items():
             self.group[group_key] = MemoryTable(
-                entries, group_by_type=None, sort_by_type=None)
+                entries, group_by_type=None, sort_by_type=None
+            )
         for group_key, group_memory_table in self.group.items():
             group_memory_table.summarize()
         return self
@@ -289,10 +300,10 @@ class MemoryTable:
             "group": {
                 group_key: {
                     "entries": group_memory_table.get_entries(),
-                    "summary": group_memory_table.summary
+                    "summary": group_memory_table.summary,
                 }
                 for group_key, group_memory_table in self.group.items()
-            }
+            },
         }
 
     def get_entries(self) -> List[dict]:
@@ -305,9 +316,11 @@ class MemoryTable:
         return self.__repr__()
 
 
-def construct_memory_table(workers_stats: List,
-                           group_by: GroupByType = GroupByType.NODE_ADDRESS,
-                           sort_by=SortingType.OBJECT_SIZE) -> MemoryTable:
+def construct_memory_table(
+    workers_stats: List,
+    group_by: GroupByType = GroupByType.NODE_ADDRESS,
+    sort_by=SortingType.OBJECT_SIZE,
+) -> MemoryTable:
     memory_table_entries = []
     for core_worker_stats in workers_stats:
         pid = core_worker_stats["pid"]
@@ -320,11 +333,13 @@ def construct_memory_table(workers_stats: List,
                 object_ref=object_ref,
                 node_address=node_address,
                 is_driver=is_driver,
-                pid=pid)
+                pid=pid,
+            )
             if memory_table_entry.is_valid():
                 memory_table_entries.append(memory_table_entry)
     memory_table = MemoryTable(
-        memory_table_entries, group_by_type=group_by, sort_by_type=sort_by)
+        memory_table_entries, group_by_type=group_by, sort_by_type=sort_by
+    )
     return memory_table
 
 
@@ -337,7 +352,7 @@ def track_reference_size(group):
         "PINNED_IN_MEMORY": "total_pinned_in_memory",
         "USED_BY_PENDING_TASK": "total_used_by_pending_task",
         "CAPTURED_IN_OBJECT": "total_captured_in_objects",
-        "ACTOR_HANDLE": "total_actor_handles"
+        "ACTOR_HANDLE": "total_actor_handles",
     }
     for entry in group["entries"]:
         size = entry["object_size"]
@@ -348,51 +363,64 @@ def track_reference_size(group):
     return d
 
 
-def memory_summary(state,
-                   group_by="NODE_ADDRESS",
-                   sort_by="OBJECT_SIZE",
-                   line_wrap=True,
-                   unit="B",
-                   num_entries=None) -> str:
-    from ray.dashboard.modules.node.node_head\
-         import node_stats_to_dict
+def memory_summary(
+    state,
+    group_by="NODE_ADDRESS",
+    sort_by="OBJECT_SIZE",
+    line_wrap=True,
+    unit="B",
+    num_entries=None,
+) -> str:
+    from ray.dashboard.modules.node.node_head import node_stats_to_dict
 
     # Get terminal size
     import shutil
+
     size = shutil.get_terminal_size((80, 20)).columns
     line_wrap_threshold = 137
 
     # Unit conversions
-    units = {"B": 10**0, "KB": 10**3, "MB": 10**6, "GB": 10**9}
+    units = {"B": 10 ** 0, "KB": 10 ** 3, "MB": 10 ** 6, "GB": 10 ** 9}
 
     # Fetch core memory worker stats, store as a dictionary
     core_worker_stats = []
     for raylet in state.node_table():
         stats = node_stats_to_dict(
-            node_stats(raylet["NodeManagerAddress"],
-                       raylet["NodeManagerPort"]))
+            node_stats(raylet["NodeManagerAddress"], raylet["NodeManagerPort"])
+        )
         core_worker_stats.extend(stats["coreWorkersStats"])
         assert type(stats) is dict and "coreWorkersStats" in stats
 
     # Build memory table with "group_by" and "sort_by" parameters
     group_by, sort_by = get_group_by_type(group_by), get_sorting_type(sort_by)
-    memory_table = construct_memory_table(core_worker_stats, group_by,
-                                          sort_by).as_dict()
+    memory_table = construct_memory_table(
+        core_worker_stats, group_by, sort_by
+    ).as_dict()
     assert "summary" in memory_table and "group" in memory_table
 
     # Build memory summary
     mem = ""
     group_by, sort_by = group_by.name.lower().replace(
-        "_", " "), sort_by.name.lower().replace("_", " ")
+        "_", " "
+    ), sort_by.name.lower().replace("_", " ")
     summary_labels = [
-        "Mem Used by Objects", "Local References", "Pinned", "Pending Tasks",
-        "Captured in Objects", "Actor Handles"
+        "Mem Used by Objects",
+        "Local References",
+        "Pinned",
+        "Pending Tasks",
+        "Captured in Objects",
+        "Actor Handles",
     ]
     summary_string = "{:<19}  {:<16}  {:<12}  {:<13}  {:<19}  {:<13}\n"
 
     object_ref_labels = [
-        "IP Address", "PID", "Type", "Call Site", "Size", "Reference Type",
-        "Object Ref"
+        "IP Address",
+        "PID",
+        "Type",
+        "Call Site",
+        "Size",
+        "Reference Type",
+        "Object Ref",
     ]
     object_ref_string = "{:<13} | {:<8} | {:<7} | {:<9} \
 | {:<8} | {:<14} | {:<10}\n"
@@ -416,22 +444,21 @@ entries per group...\n\n\n"
             else:
                 summary[k] = str(v) + f", ({ref_size[k] / units[unit]} {unit})"
         mem += f"--- Summary for {group_by}: {key} ---\n"
-        mem += summary_string\
-            .format(*summary_labels)
-        mem += summary_string\
-            .format(*summary.values()) + "\n"
+        mem += summary_string.format(*summary_labels)
+        mem += summary_string.format(*summary.values()) + "\n"
 
         # Memory table per group
         mem += f"--- Object references for {group_by}: {key} ---\n"
-        mem += object_ref_string\
-            .format(*object_ref_labels)
+        mem += object_ref_string.format(*object_ref_labels)
         n = 1  # Counter for num entries per group
         for entry in group["entries"]:
             if num_entries is not None and n > num_entries:
                 break
-            entry["object_size"] = str(
-                entry["object_size"] /
-                units[unit]) + f" {unit}" if entry["object_size"] > -1 else "?"
+            entry["object_size"] = (
+                str(entry["object_size"] / units[unit]) + f" {unit}"
+                if entry["object_size"] > -1
+                else "?"
+            )
             num_lines = 1
             if size > line_wrap_threshold and line_wrap:
                 call_site_length = 22
@@ -439,30 +466,36 @@ entries per group...\n\n\n"
                     entry["call_site"] = ["disabled"]
                 else:
                     entry["call_site"] = [
-                        entry["call_site"][i:i + call_site_length] for i in
-                        range(0, len(entry["call_site"]), call_site_length)
+                        entry["call_site"][i : i + call_site_length]
+                        for i in range(0, len(entry["call_site"]), call_site_length)
                     ]
                 num_lines = len(entry["call_site"])
             else:
                 mem += "\n"
             object_ref_values = [
-                entry["node_ip_address"], entry["pid"], entry["type"],
-                entry["call_site"], entry["object_size"],
-                entry["reference_type"], entry["object_ref"]
+                entry["node_ip_address"],
+                entry["pid"],
+                entry["type"],
+                entry["call_site"],
+                entry["object_size"],
+                entry["reference_type"],
+                entry["object_ref"],
             ]
             for i in range(len(object_ref_values)):
                 if not isinstance(object_ref_values[i], list):
                     object_ref_values[i] = [object_ref_values[i]]
                 object_ref_values[i].extend(
-                    ["" for x in range(num_lines - len(object_ref_values[i]))])
+                    ["" for x in range(num_lines - len(object_ref_values[i]))]
+                )
             for i in range(num_lines):
                 row = [elem[i] for elem in object_ref_values]
-                mem += object_ref_string\
-                    .format(*row)
+                mem += object_ref_string.format(*row)
             mem += "\n"
             n += 1
 
-    mem += "To record callsite information for each ObjectRef created, set " \
-           "env variable RAY_record_ref_creation_sites=1\n\n"
+    mem += (
+        "To record callsite information for each ObjectRef created, set "
+        "env variable RAY_record_ref_creation_sites=1\n\n"
+    )
 
     return mem

dashboard/modules/actor/actor_head.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import aiohttp.web
 import ray._private.utils
 from ray.dashboard.modules.actor import actor_utils
 from aioredis.pubsub import Receiver
+
 try:
     from grpc import aio as aiogrpc
 except ImportError:
@@ -15,8 +16,7 @@ import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
 import ray.dashboard.optional_utils as dashboard_optional_utils
 from ray.dashboard.optional_utils import rest_response
 from ray.dashboard.modules.actor import actor_consts
-from ray.dashboard.modules.actor.actor_utils import \
-    actor_classname_from_task_spec
+from ray.dashboard.modules.actor.actor_utils import actor_classname_from_task_spec
 from ray.core.generated import node_manager_pb2_grpc
 from ray.core.generated import gcs_service_pb2
 from ray.core.generated import gcs_service_pb2_grpc
@@ -30,12 +30,22 @@ routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable
 
 def actor_table_data_to_dict(message):
     orig_message = dashboard_utils.message_to_dict(
-        message, {
-            "actorId", "parentId", "jobId", "workerId", "rayletId",
-            "actorCreationDummyObjectId", "callerId", "taskId", "parentTaskId",
-            "sourceActorId", "placementGroupId"
+        message,
+        {
+            "actorId",
+            "parentId",
+            "jobId",
+            "workerId",
+            "rayletId",
+            "actorCreationDummyObjectId",
+            "callerId",
+            "taskId",
+            "parentTaskId",
+            "sourceActorId",
+            "placementGroupId",
         },
-        including_default_value_fields=True)
+        including_default_value_fields=True,
+    )
     # The complete schema for actor table is here:
     #     src/ray/protobuf/gcs.proto
     # It is super big and for dashboard, we don't need that much information.
@@ -58,8 +68,7 @@ def actor_table_data_to_dict(message):
         light_message["actorClass"] = actor_class
         if "functionDescriptor" in light_message["taskSpec"]:
             light_message["taskSpec"] = {
-                "functionDescriptor": light_message["taskSpec"][
-                    "functionDescriptor"]
+                "functionDescriptor": light_message["taskSpec"]["functionDescriptor"]
             }
         else:
             light_message.pop("taskSpec")
@@ -81,11 +90,13 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if change.new:
             # TODO(fyrestone): Handle exceptions.
             node_id, node_info = change.new
-            address = "{}:{}".format(node_info["nodeManagerAddress"],
-                                     int(node_info["nodeManagerPort"]))
-            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0), )
+            address = "{}:{}".format(
+                node_info["nodeManagerAddress"], int(node_info["nodeManagerPort"])
+            )
+            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0),)
             channel = ray._private.utils.init_grpc_channel(
-                address, options, asynchronous=True)
+                address, options, asynchronous=True
+            )
             stub = node_manager_pb2_grpc.NodeManagerServiceStub(channel)
             self._stubs[node_id] = stub
 
@@ -96,7 +107,8 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                 logger.info("Getting all actor info from GCS.")
                 request = gcs_service_pb2.GetAllActorInfoRequest()
                 reply = await self._gcs_actor_info_stub.GetAllActorInfo(
-                    request, timeout=5)
+                    request, timeout=5
+                )
                 if reply.status.code == 0:
                     actors = {}
                     for message in reply.actor_table_data:
@@ -110,24 +122,25 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                     for actor_id, actor_table_data in actors.items():
                         job_id = actor_table_data["jobId"]
                         node_id = actor_table_data["address"]["rayletId"]
-                        job_actors.setdefault(job_id,
-                                              {})[actor_id] = actor_table_data
+                        job_actors.setdefault(job_id, {})[actor_id] = actor_table_data
                         # Update only when node_id is not Nil.
                         if node_id != actor_consts.NIL_NODE_ID:
-                            node_actors.setdefault(
-                                node_id, {})[actor_id] = actor_table_data
+                            node_actors.setdefault(node_id, {})[
+                                actor_id
+                            ] = actor_table_data
                     DataSource.job_actors.reset(job_actors)
                     DataSource.node_actors.reset(node_actors)
-                    logger.info("Received %d actor info from GCS.",
-                                len(actors))
+                    logger.info("Received %d actor info from GCS.", len(actors))
                     break
                 else:
                     raise Exception(
-                        f"Failed to GetAllActorInfo: {reply.status.message}")
+                        f"Failed to GetAllActorInfo: {reply.status.message}"
+                    )
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Error Getting all actor info from GCS.")
                 await asyncio.sleep(
-                    actor_consts.RETRY_GET_ALL_ACTOR_INFO_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+                    actor_consts.RETRY_GET_ALL_ACTOR_INFO_INTERVAL_SECONDS
+                )
 
         state_keys = ("state", "address", "numRestarts", "timestamp", "pid")
 
@@ -167,8 +180,7 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                     if actor_id is not None:
                         # Convert to lower case hex ID.
                         actor_id = actor_id.hex()
-                        process_actor_data_from_pubsub(actor_id,
-                                                       actor_table_data)
+                        process_actor_data_from_pubsub(actor_id, actor_table_data)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception("Error processing actor info from GCS.")
 
@@ -183,12 +195,15 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             async for sender, msg in receiver.iter():
                 try:
                     actor_id, actor_table_data = msg
-                    actor_id = actor_id.decode("UTF-8")[len(
-                        gcs_utils.TablePrefix_ACTOR_string + ":"):]
+                    actor_id = actor_id.decode("UTF-8")[
+                        len(gcs_utils.TablePrefix_ACTOR_string + ":") :
+                    ]
                     pubsub_message = gcs_utils.PubSubMessage.FromString(
-                        actor_table_data)
+                        actor_table_data
+                    )
                     actor_table_data = gcs_utils.ActorTableData.FromString(
-                        pubsub_message.data)
+                        pubsub_message.data
+                    )
                     process_actor_data_from_pubsub(actor_id, actor_table_data)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception("Error processing actor info from Redis.")
@@ -203,17 +218,15 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         actors.update(actor_creation_tasks)
         actor_groups = actor_utils.construct_actor_groups(actors)
         return rest_response(
-            success=True,
-            message="Fetched actor groups.",
-            actor_groups=actor_groups)
+            success=True, message="Fetched actor groups.", actor_groups=actor_groups
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/logical/actors")
     @dashboard_optional_utils.aiohttp_cache
     async def get_all_actors(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         return rest_response(
-            success=True,
-            message="All actors fetched.",
-            actors=DataSource.actors)
+            success=True, message="All actors fetched.", actors=DataSource.actors
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/logical/kill_actor")
     async def kill_actor(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -224,15 +237,17 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         except KeyError:
             return rest_response(success=False, message="Bad Request")
         try:
-            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0), )
+            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0),)
             channel = ray._private.utils.init_grpc_channel(
-                f"{ip_address}:{port}", options=options, asynchronous=True)
+                f"{ip_address}:{port}", options=options, asynchronous=True
+            )
             stub = core_worker_pb2_grpc.CoreWorkerServiceStub(channel)
 
             await stub.KillActor(
                 core_worker_pb2.KillActorRequest(
-                    intended_actor_id=ray._private.utils.hex_to_binary(
-                        actor_id)))
+                    intended_actor_id=ray._private.utils.hex_to_binary(actor_id)
+                )
+            )
 
         except aiogrpc.AioRpcError:
             # This always throws an exception because the worker
@@ -240,13 +255,13 @@ class ActorHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             # before this handler, however it deletes the actor correctly.
             pass
 
-        return rest_response(
-            success=True, message=f"Killed actor with id {actor_id}")
+        return rest_response(success=True, message=f"Killed actor with id {actor_id}")
 
     async def run(self, server):
         gcs_channel = self._dashboard_head.aiogrpc_gcs_channel
-        self._gcs_actor_info_stub = \
-            gcs_service_pb2_grpc.ActorInfoGcsServiceStub(gcs_channel)
+        self._gcs_actor_info_stub = gcs_service_pb2_grpc.ActorInfoGcsServiceStub(
+            gcs_channel
+        )
 
         await asyncio.gather(self._update_actors())
 

dashboard/modules/actor/actor_utils.py

@@ -7,27 +7,29 @@ PYCLASSNAME_RE = re.compile(r"(.+?)\(")
 
 def construct_actor_groups(actors):
     """actors is a dict from actor id to an actor or an
-       actor creation task The shared fields currently are
-       "actorClass", "actorId", and "state" """
+    actor creation task The shared fields currently are
+    "actorClass", "actorId", and "state" """
     actor_groups = _group_actors_by_python_class(actors)
     stats_by_group = {
-        name: _get_actor_group_stats(group)
-        for name, group in actor_groups.items()
+        name: _get_actor_group_stats(group) for name, group in actor_groups.items()
     }
 
     summarized_actor_groups = {}
     for name, group in actor_groups.items():
         summarized_actor_groups[name] = {
             "entries": group,
-            "summary": stats_by_group[name]
+            "summary": stats_by_group[name],
         }
     return summarized_actor_groups
 
 
 def actor_classname_from_task_spec(task_spec):
-    return task_spec.get("functionDescriptor", {})\
-                .get("pythonFunctionDescriptor", {})\
-                .get("className", "Unknown actor class").split(".")[-1]
+    return (
+        task_spec.get("functionDescriptor", {})
+        .get("pythonFunctionDescriptor", {})
+        .get("className", "Unknown actor class")
+        .split(".")[-1]
+    )
 
 
 def _group_actors_by_python_class(actors):

dashboard/modules/actor/tests/test_actor.py

@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ def test_actor_groups(ray_start_with_dashboard):
             response = requests.get(webui_url + "/logical/actor_groups")
             response.raise_for_status()
             actor_groups_resp = response.json()
-            assert actor_groups_resp["result"] is True, actor_groups_resp[
-                "msg"]
+            assert actor_groups_resp["result"] is True, actor_groups_resp["msg"]
             actor_groups = actor_groups_resp["data"]["actorGroups"]
             assert "Foo" in actor_groups
             summary = actor_groups["Foo"]["summary"]
@@ -78,9 +77,13 @@ def test_actor_groups(ray_start_with_dashboard):
             last_ex = ex
         finally:
             if time.time() > start_time + timeout_seconds:
-                ex_stack = traceback.format_exception(
-                    type(last_ex), last_ex,
-                    last_ex.__traceback__) if last_ex else []
+                ex_stack = (
+                    traceback.format_exception(
+                        type(last_ex), last_ex, last_ex.__traceback__
+                    )
+                    if last_ex
+                    else []
+                )
                 ex_stack = "".join(ex_stack)
                 raise Exception(f"Timed out while testing, {ex_stack}")
 
@@ -135,9 +138,13 @@ def test_actors(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
             last_ex = ex
         finally:
             if time.time() > start_time + timeout_seconds:
-                ex_stack = traceback.format_exception(
-                    type(last_ex), last_ex,
-                    last_ex.__traceback__) if last_ex else []
+                ex_stack = (
+                    traceback.format_exception(
+                        type(last_ex), last_ex, last_ex.__traceback__
+                    )
+                    if last_ex
+                    else []
+                )
                 ex_stack = "".join(ex_stack)
                 raise Exception(f"Timed out while testing, {ex_stack}")
 
@@ -183,8 +190,9 @@ def test_kill_actor(ray_start_with_dashboard):
             params={
                 "actorId": actor["actorId"],
                 "ipAddress": actor["ipAddress"],
-                "port": actor["port"]
-            })
+                "port": actor["port"],
+            },
+        )
         resp.raise_for_status()
         resp_json = resp.json()
         assert resp_json["result"] is True, "msg" in resp_json
@@ -199,19 +207,17 @@ def test_kill_actor(ray_start_with_dashboard):
             break
         except (KeyError, AssertionError) as e:
             last_exc = e
-            time.sleep(.1)
+            time.sleep(0.1)
     assert last_exc is None
 
 
 def test_actor_pubsub(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
     timeout = 5
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     address_info = ray_start_with_dashboard
 
     if gcs_pubsub.gcs_pubsub_enabled():
-        sub = gcs_pubsub.GcsActorSubscriber(
-            address=address_info["gcs_address"])
+        sub = gcs_pubsub.GcsActorSubscriber(address=address_info["gcs_address"])
         sub.subscribe()
     else:
         address = address_info["redis_address"]
@@ -221,7 +227,8 @@ def test_actor_pubsub(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
         client = redis.StrictRedis(
             host=address[0],
             port=int(address[1]),
-            password=ray_constants.REDIS_DEFAULT_PASSWORD)
+            password=ray_constants.REDIS_DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
+        )
 
         sub = client.pubsub(ignore_subscribe_messages=True)
         sub.psubscribe(gcs_utils.RAY_ACTOR_PUBSUB_PATTERN)
@@ -245,8 +252,7 @@ def test_actor_pubsub(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
                     time.sleep(0.01)
                     continue
                 pubsub_msg = gcs_utils.PubSubMessage.FromString(msg["data"])
-                actor_data = gcs_utils.ActorTableData.FromString(
-                    pubsub_msg.data)
+                actor_data = gcs_utils.ActorTableData.FromString(pubsub_msg.data)
             if actor_data is None:
                 continue
             msgs.append(actor_data)
@@ -266,12 +272,22 @@ def test_actor_pubsub(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
     def actor_table_data_to_dict(message):
         return dashboard_utils.message_to_dict(
-            message, {
-                "actorId", "parentId", "jobId", "workerId", "rayletId",
-                "actorCreationDummyObjectId", "callerId", "taskId",
-                "parentTaskId", "sourceActorId", "placementGroupId"
+            message,
+            {
+                "actorId",
+                "parentId",
+                "jobId",
+                "workerId",
+                "rayletId",
+                "actorCreationDummyObjectId",
+                "callerId",
+                "taskId",
+                "parentTaskId",
+                "sourceActorId",
+                "placementGroupId",
             },
-            including_default_value_fields=False)
+            including_default_value_fields=False,
+        )
 
     non_state_keys = ("actorId", "jobId", "taskSpec")
 
@@ -287,23 +303,31 @@ def test_actor_pubsub(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
         # be published.
         elif actor_data_dict["state"] in ("ALIVE", "DEAD"):
             assert actor_data_dict.keys() >= {
-                "state", "address", "timestamp", "pid", "rayNamespace"
+                "state",
+                "address",
+                "timestamp",
+                "pid",
+                "rayNamespace",
             }
         elif actor_data_dict["state"] == "PENDING_CREATION":
             assert actor_data_dict.keys() == {
-                "state", "address", "actorId", "actorCreationDummyObjectId",
-                "jobId", "ownerAddress", "taskSpec", "className",
-                "serializedRuntimeEnv", "rayNamespace"
+                "state",
+                "address",
+                "actorId",
+                "actorCreationDummyObjectId",
+                "jobId",
+                "ownerAddress",
+                "taskSpec",
+                "className",
+                "serializedRuntimeEnv",
+                "rayNamespace",
             }
         else:
-            raise Exception("Unknown state: {}".format(
-                actor_data_dict["state"]))
+            raise Exception("Unknown state: {}".format(actor_data_dict["state"]))
 
 
-def test_nil_node(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                  ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+def test_nil_node(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     assert wait_until_server_available(webui_url)
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
@@ -334,9 +358,13 @@ def test_nil_node(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
             last_ex = ex
         finally:
             if time.time() > start_time + timeout_seconds:
-                ex_stack = traceback.format_exception(
-                    type(last_ex), last_ex,
-                    last_ex.__traceback__) if last_ex else []
+                ex_stack = (
+                    traceback.format_exception(
+                        type(last_ex), last_ex, last_ex.__traceback__
+                    )
+                    if last_ex
+                    else []
+                )
                 ex_stack = "".join(ex_stack)
                 raise Exception(f"Timed out while testing, {ex_stack}")
 

dashboard/modules/event/event_agent.py

@@ -24,13 +24,11 @@ class EventAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule):
         os.makedirs(self._event_dir, exist_ok=True)
         self._monitor: Union[asyncio.Task, None] = None
         self._stub: Union[event_pb2_grpc.ReportEventServiceStub, None] = None
-        self._cached_events = asyncio.Queue(
-            event_consts.EVENT_AGENT_CACHE_SIZE)
-        logger.info("Event agent cache buffer size: %s",
-                    self._cached_events.maxsize)
+        self._cached_events = asyncio.Queue(event_consts.EVENT_AGENT_CACHE_SIZE)
+        logger.info("Event agent cache buffer size: %s", self._cached_events.maxsize)
 
     async def _connect_to_dashboard(self):
-        """ Connect to the dashboard. If the dashboard is not started, then
+        """Connect to the dashboard. If the dashboard is not started, then
         this method will never returns.
 
         Returns:
@@ -41,23 +39,24 @@ class EventAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule):
                 # TODO: Use async version if performance is an issue
                 dashboard_rpc_address = internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
                     dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_RPC_ADDRESS,
-                    namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+                    namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD,
+                )
                 if dashboard_rpc_address:
                     logger.info("Report events to %s", dashboard_rpc_address)
-                    options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0), )
+                    options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0),)
                     channel = utils.init_grpc_channel(
-                        dashboard_rpc_address,
-                        options=options,
-                        asynchronous=True)
+                        dashboard_rpc_address, options=options, asynchronous=True
+                    )
                     return event_pb2_grpc.ReportEventServiceStub(channel)
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Connect to dashboard failed.")
             await asyncio.sleep(
-                event_consts.RETRY_CONNECT_TO_DASHBOARD_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
+                event_consts.RETRY_CONNECT_TO_DASHBOARD_INTERVAL_SECONDS
+            )
 
     @async_loop_forever(event_consts.EVENT_AGENT_REPORT_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
     async def report_events(self):
-        """ Report events from cached events queue. Reconnect to dashboard if
+        """Report events from cached events queue. Reconnect to dashboard if
         report failed. Log error after retry EVENT_AGENT_RETRY_TIMES.
 
         This method will never returns.
@@ -70,14 +69,15 @@ class EventAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule):
                 await self._stub.ReportEvents(request)
                 break
             except Exception:
-                logger.exception("Report event failed, reconnect to the "
-                                 "dashboard.")
+                logger.exception("Report event failed, reconnect to the " "dashboard.")
                 self._stub = await self._connect_to_dashboard()
         else:
             data_str = str(data)
             limit = event_consts.LOG_ERROR_EVENT_STRING_LENGTH_LIMIT
-            logger.error("Report event failed: %s",
-                         data_str[:limit] + (data_str[limit:] and "..."))
+            logger.error(
+                "Report event failed: %s",
+                data_str[:limit] + (data_str[limit:] and "..."),
+            )
 
     async def run(self, server):
         # Connect to dashboard.
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ class EventAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule):
         self._monitor = monitor_events(
             self._event_dir,
             lambda data: create_task(self._cached_events.put(data)),
-            source_types=event_consts.EVENT_AGENT_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES)
+            source_types=event_consts.EVENT_AGENT_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES,
+        )
         # Start reporting events.
         await self.report_events()
 

dashboard/modules/event/event_consts.py

@@ -4,22 +4,20 @@ from ray.core.generated import event_pb2
 LOG_ERROR_EVENT_STRING_LENGTH_LIMIT = 1000
 RETRY_CONNECT_TO_DASHBOARD_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 2
 # Monitor events
-SCAN_EVENT_DIR_INTERVAL_SECONDS = env_integer(
-    "SCAN_EVENT_DIR_INTERVAL_SECONDS", 2)
+SCAN_EVENT_DIR_INTERVAL_SECONDS = env_integer("SCAN_EVENT_DIR_INTERVAL_SECONDS", 2)
 SCAN_EVENT_START_OFFSET_SECONDS = -30 * 60
 CONCURRENT_READ_LIMIT = 50
 EVENT_READ_LINE_COUNT_LIMIT = 200
-EVENT_READ_LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT = env_integer("EVENT_READ_LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT",
-                                           2 * 1024 * 1024)  # 2MB
+EVENT_READ_LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT = env_integer(
+    "EVENT_READ_LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT", 2 * 1024 * 1024
+)  # 2MB
 # Report events
 EVENT_AGENT_REPORT_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 0.1
 EVENT_AGENT_RETRY_TIMES = 10
 EVENT_AGENT_CACHE_SIZE = 10240
 # Event sources
-EVENT_HEAD_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES = [
-    event_pb2.Event.SourceType.Name(event_pb2.Event.GCS)
-]
+EVENT_HEAD_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES = [event_pb2.Event.SourceType.Name(event_pb2.Event.GCS)]
 EVENT_AGENT_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES = list(
-    set(event_pb2.Event.SourceType.keys()) -
-    set(EVENT_HEAD_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES))
+    set(event_pb2.Event.SourceType.keys()) - set(EVENT_HEAD_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES)
+)
 EVENT_SOURCE_ALL = event_pb2.Event.SourceType.keys()

dashboard/modules/event/event_head.py

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ JobEvents = OrderedDict
 dashboard_utils._json_compatible_types.add(JobEvents)
 
 
-class EventHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule,
-                event_pb2_grpc.ReportEventServiceServicer):
+class EventHead(
+    dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule, event_pb2_grpc.ReportEventServiceServicer
+):
     def __init__(self, dashboard_head):
         super().__init__(dashboard_head)
         self._event_dir = os.path.join(self._dashboard_head.log_dir, "events")
@@ -70,21 +71,24 @@ class EventHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule,
                 for job_id, job_events in DataSource.events.items()
             }
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-                success=True, message="All events fetched.", events=all_events)
+                success=True, message="All events fetched.", events=all_events
+            )
 
         job_events = DataSource.events.get(job_id, {})
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
             success=True,
             message="Job events fetched.",
             job_id=job_id,
-            events=list(job_events.values()))
+            events=list(job_events.values()),
+        )
 
     async def run(self, server):
         event_pb2_grpc.add_ReportEventServiceServicer_to_server(self, server)
         self._monitor = monitor_events(
             self._event_dir,
             lambda data: self._update_events(parse_event_strings(data)),
-            source_types=event_consts.EVENT_HEAD_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES)
+            source_types=event_consts.EVENT_HEAD_MONITOR_SOURCE_TYPES,
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def is_minimal_module():

dashboard/modules/event/event_utils.py

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ def _get_source_files(event_dir, source_types=None, event_file_filter=None):
     source_files = {}
     all_source_types = set(event_consts.EVENT_SOURCE_ALL)
     for source_type in source_types or event_consts.EVENT_SOURCE_ALL:
-        assert source_type in all_source_types, \
-            f"Invalid source type: {source_type}"
+        assert source_type in all_source_types, f"Invalid source type: {source_type}"
         files = []
         for n in event_log_names:
             if fnmatch.fnmatch(n, f"*{source_type}*"):
@@ -35,9 +34,9 @@ def _get_source_files(event_dir, source_types=None, event_file_filter=None):
 
 def _restore_newline(event_dict):
     try:
-        event_dict["message"] = event_dict["message"]\
-            .replace("\\n", "\n")\
-            .replace("\\r", "\n")
+        event_dict["message"] = (
+            event_dict["message"].replace("\\n", "\n").replace("\\r", "\n")
+        )
     except Exception:
         logger.exception("Restore newline for event failed: %s", event_dict)
     return event_dict
@@ -61,13 +60,13 @@ def parse_event_strings(event_string_list):
 
 
 ReadFileResult = collections.namedtuple(
-    "ReadFileResult", ["fid", "size", "mtime", "position", "lines"])
+    "ReadFileResult", ["fid", "size", "mtime", "position", "lines"]
+)
 
 
-def _read_file(file,
-               pos,
-               n_lines=event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_COUNT_LIMIT,
-               closefd=True):
+def _read_file(
+    file, pos, n_lines=event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_COUNT_LIMIT, closefd=True
+):
     with open(file, "rb", closefd=closefd) as f:
         # The ino may be 0 on Windows.
         stat = os.stat(f.fileno())
@@ -82,24 +81,25 @@ def _read_file(file,
                 if sep - start <= event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT:
                     lines.append(mm[start:sep].decode("utf-8"))
                 else:
-                    truncated_size = min(
-                        100, event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT)
+                    truncated_size = min(100, event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT)
                     logger.warning(
                         "Ignored long string: %s...(%s chars)",
-                        mm[start:start + truncated_size].decode("utf-8"),
-                        sep - start)
+                        mm[start : start + truncated_size].decode("utf-8"),
+                        sep - start,
+                    )
                 start = sep + 1
         return ReadFileResult(fid, stat.st_size, stat.st_mtime, start, lines)
 
 
 def monitor_events(
-        event_dir,
-        callback,
-        scan_interval_seconds=event_consts.SCAN_EVENT_DIR_INTERVAL_SECONDS,
-        start_mtime=time.time() + event_consts.SCAN_EVENT_START_OFFSET_SECONDS,
-        monitor_files=None,
-        source_types=None):
-    """ Monitor events in directory. New events will be read and passed to the
+    event_dir,
+    callback,
+    scan_interval_seconds=event_consts.SCAN_EVENT_DIR_INTERVAL_SECONDS,
+    start_mtime=time.time() + event_consts.SCAN_EVENT_START_OFFSET_SECONDS,
+    monitor_files=None,
+    source_types=None,
+):
+    """Monitor events in directory. New events will be read and passed to the
     callback.
 
     Args:
@@ -121,20 +121,22 @@ def monitor_events(
         monitor_files = {}
 
     logger.info(
-        "Monitor events logs modified after %s on %s, "
-        "the source types are %s.", start_mtime, event_dir, "all"
-        if source_types is None else source_types)
+        "Monitor events logs modified after %s on %s, " "the source types are %s.",
+        start_mtime,
+        event_dir,
+        "all" if source_types is None else source_types,
+    )
 
-    MonitorFile = collections.namedtuple("MonitorFile",
-                                         ["size", "mtime", "position"])
+    MonitorFile = collections.namedtuple("MonitorFile", ["size", "mtime", "position"])
 
     def _source_file_filter(source_file):
         stat = os.stat(source_file)
         return stat.st_mtime > start_mtime
 
     def _read_monitor_file(file, pos):
-        assert isinstance(file, str), \
-            f"File should be a str, but a {type(file)}({file}) found"
+        assert isinstance(
+            file, str
+        ), f"File should be a str, but a {type(file)}({file}) found"
         fd = os.open(file, os.O_RDONLY)
         try:
             stat = os.stat(fd)
@@ -145,12 +147,14 @@ def monitor_events(
             fid = stat.st_ino or file
             monitor_file = monitor_files.get(fid)
             if monitor_file:
-                if (monitor_file.position == monitor_file.size
-                        and monitor_file.size == stat.st_size
-                        and monitor_file.mtime == stat.st_mtime):
+                if (
+                    monitor_file.position == monitor_file.size
+                    and monitor_file.size == stat.st_size
+                    and monitor_file.mtime == stat.st_mtime
+                ):
                     logger.debug(
-                        "Skip reading the file because "
-                        "there is no change: %s", file)
+                        "Skip reading the file because " "there is no change: %s", file
+                    )
                     return []
                 position = monitor_file.position
             else:
@@ -169,22 +173,23 @@ def monitor_events(
     @async_loop_forever(scan_interval_seconds, cancellable=True)
     async def _scan_event_log_files():
         # Scan event files.
-        source_files = await loop.run_in_executor(None, _get_source_files,
-                                                  event_dir, source_types,
-                                                  _source_file_filter)
+        source_files = await loop.run_in_executor(
+            None, _get_source_files, event_dir, source_types, _source_file_filter
+        )
 
         # Limit concurrent read to avoid fd exhaustion.
         semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(event_consts.CONCURRENT_READ_LIMIT)
 
         async def _concurrent_coro(filename):
             async with semaphore:
-                return await loop.run_in_executor(None, _read_monitor_file,
-                                                  filename, 0)
+                return await loop.run_in_executor(None, _read_monitor_file, filename, 0)
 
         # Read files.
-        await asyncio.gather(*[
-            _concurrent_coro(filename)
-            for filename in list(itertools.chain(*source_files.values()))
-        ])
+        await asyncio.gather(
+            *[
+                _concurrent_coro(filename)
+                for filename in list(itertools.chain(*source_files.values()))
+            ]
+        )
 
     return create_task(_scan_event_log_files())

dashboard/modules/event/tests/test_event.py

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ from ray._private.test_utils import (
     wait_for_condition,
 )
 from ray.dashboard.modules.event.event_utils import (
-    monitor_events, )
+    monitor_events,
+)
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -32,7 +33,8 @@ def _get_event(msg="empty message", job_id=None, source_type=None):
     return {
         "event_id": binary_to_hex(np.random.bytes(18)),
         "source_type": random.choice(event_pb2.Event.SourceType.keys())
-        if source_type is None else source_type,
+        if source_type is None
+        else source_type,
         "host_name": "po-dev.inc.alipay.net",
         "pid": random.randint(1, 65536),
         "label": "",
@@ -41,16 +43,18 @@ def _get_event(msg="empty message", job_id=None, source_type=None):
         "severity": "INFO",
         "custom_fields": {
             "job_id": ray.JobID.from_int(random.randint(1, 100)).hex()
-            if job_id is None else job_id,
+            if job_id is None
+            else job_id,
             "node_id": "",
             "task_id": "",
-        }
+        },
     }
 
 
 def _test_logger(name, log_file, max_bytes, backup_count):
     handler = logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler(
-        log_file, maxBytes=max_bytes, backupCount=backup_count)
+        log_file, maxBytes=max_bytes, backupCount=backup_count
+    )
     formatter = logging.Formatter("%(message)s")
     handler.setFormatter(formatter)
 
@@ -63,15 +67,14 @@ def _test_logger(name, log_file, max_bytes, backup_count):
 
 
 def test_event_basic(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]))
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
     webui_url = format_web_url(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
     session_dir = ray_start_with_dashboard["session_dir"]
     event_dir = os.path.join(session_dir, "logs", "events")
     job_id = ray.JobID.from_int(100).hex()
 
     source_type_gcs = event_pb2.Event.SourceType.Name(event_pb2.Event.GCS)
-    source_type_raylet = event_pb2.Event.SourceType.Name(
-        event_pb2.Event.RAYLET)
+    source_type_raylet = event_pb2.Event.SourceType.Name(event_pb2.Event.RAYLET)
     test_count = 20
 
     for source_type in [source_type_gcs, source_type_raylet]:
@@ -80,10 +83,10 @@ def test_event_basic(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
             __name__ + str(random.random()),
             test_log_file,
             max_bytes=2000,
-            backup_count=1000)
+            backup_count=1000,
+        )
         for i in range(test_count):
-            sample_event = _get_event(
-                str(i), job_id=job_id, source_type=source_type)
+            sample_event = _get_event(str(i), job_id=job_id, source_type=source_type)
             test_logger.info("%s", json.dumps(sample_event))
 
     def _check_events():
@@ -112,10 +115,11 @@ def test_event_basic(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
     wait_for_condition(_check_events, timeout=15)
 
 
-def test_event_message_limit(small_event_line_limit, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                             ray_start_with_dashboard):
+def test_event_message_limit(
+    small_event_line_limit, disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard
+):
     event_read_line_length_limit = small_event_line_limit
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]))
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
     webui_url = format_web_url(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
     session_dir = ray_start_with_dashboard["session_dir"]
     event_dir = os.path.join(session_dir, "logs", "events")
@@ -148,8 +152,8 @@ def test_event_message_limit(small_event_line_limit, disable_aiohttp_cache,
     except Exception:
         pass
     os.rename(
-        os.path.join(event_dir, "tmp.log"),
-        os.path.join(event_dir, "event_GCS.log"))
+        os.path.join(event_dir, "tmp.log"), os.path.join(event_dir, "event_GCS.log")
+    )
 
     def _check_events():
         try:
@@ -157,14 +161,14 @@ def test_event_message_limit(small_event_line_limit, disable_aiohttp_cache,
             resp.raise_for_status()
             result = resp.json()
             all_events = result["data"]["events"]
-            assert len(all_events[job_id]
-                       ) >= event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_COUNT_LIMIT + 10
+            assert (
+                len(all_events[job_id]) >= event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_COUNT_LIMIT + 10
+            )
             messages = [e["message"] for e in all_events[job_id]]
             for i in range(10):
                 assert str(i) * message_len in messages
             assert "2" * (message_len + 1) not in messages
-            assert str(event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_COUNT_LIMIT -
-                       1) in messages
+            assert str(event_consts.EVENT_READ_LINE_COUNT_LIMIT - 1) in messages
             return True
         except Exception as ex:
             logger.exception(ex)
@@ -179,15 +183,12 @@ async def test_monitor_events():
         common = event_pb2.Event.SourceType.Name(event_pb2.Event.COMMON)
         common_log = os.path.join(temp_dir, f"event_{common}.log")
         test_logger = _test_logger(
-            __name__ + str(random.random()),
-            common_log,
-            max_bytes=10,
-            backup_count=10)
+            __name__ + str(random.random()), common_log, max_bytes=10, backup_count=10
+        )
         test_events1 = []
         monitor_task = monitor_events(
-            temp_dir,
-            lambda x: test_events1.extend(x),
-            scan_interval_seconds=0.01)
+            temp_dir, lambda x: test_events1.extend(x), scan_interval_seconds=0.01
+        )
         assert not monitor_task.done()
         count = 10
 
@@ -206,7 +207,8 @@ async def test_monitor_events():
                 if time.time() - start_time > timeout:
                     raise TimeoutError(
                         f"Timeout, read events: {sorted_events}, "
-                        f"expect events: {expect_events}")
+                        f"expect events: {expect_events}"
+                    )
                 if len(sorted_events) == len(expect_events):
                     if sorted_events == expect_events:
                         break
@@ -214,40 +216,37 @@ async def test_monitor_events():
 
         await asyncio.gather(
             _writer(count, read_events=test_events1),
-            _check_events(
-                [str(i) for i in range(count)], read_events=test_events1))
+            _check_events([str(i) for i in range(count)], read_events=test_events1),
+        )
 
         monitor_task.cancel()
         test_events2 = []
         monitor_task = monitor_events(
-            temp_dir,
-            lambda x: test_events2.extend(x),
-            scan_interval_seconds=0.1)
+            temp_dir, lambda x: test_events2.extend(x), scan_interval_seconds=0.1
+        )
 
-        await _check_events(
-            [str(i) for i in range(count)], read_events=test_events2)
+        await _check_events([str(i) for i in range(count)], read_events=test_events2)
 
         await _writer(count, count * 2, read_events=test_events2)
         await _check_events(
-            [str(i) for i in range(count * 2)], read_events=test_events2)
+            [str(i) for i in range(count * 2)], read_events=test_events2
+        )
 
         log_file_count = len(os.listdir(temp_dir))
 
         test_logger = _test_logger(
-            __name__ + str(random.random()),
-            common_log,
-            max_bytes=1000,
-            backup_count=10)
+            __name__ + str(random.random()), common_log, max_bytes=1000, backup_count=10
+        )
         assert len(os.listdir(temp_dir)) == log_file_count
 
-        await _writer(
-            count * 2, count * 3, spin=False, read_events=test_events2)
+        await _writer(count * 2, count * 3, spin=False, read_events=test_events2)
         await _check_events(
-            [str(i) for i in range(count * 3)], read_events=test_events2)
-        await _writer(
-            count * 3, count * 4, spin=False, read_events=test_events2)
+            [str(i) for i in range(count * 3)], read_events=test_events2
+        )
+        await _writer(count * 3, count * 4, spin=False, read_events=test_events2)
         await _check_events(
-            [str(i) for i in range(count * 4)], read_events=test_events2)
+            [str(i) for i in range(count * 4)], read_events=test_events2
+        )
 
         # Test cancel monitor task.
         monitor_task.cancel()
@@ -255,8 +254,7 @@ async def test_monitor_events():
             await monitor_task
         assert monitor_task.done()
 
-        assert len(
-            os.listdir(temp_dir)) > 1, "Event log should have rollovers."
+        assert len(os.listdir(temp_dir)) > 1, "Event log should have rollovers."
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

dashboard/modules/job/cli.py

@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@ import yaml
 
 import click
 
-from ray.autoscaler._private.cli_logger import (add_click_logging_options,
-                                                cli_logger, cf)
+from ray.autoscaler._private.cli_logger import add_click_logging_options, cli_logger, cf
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import JobStatus
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.sdk import JobSubmissionClient
 
 
-def _get_sdk_client(address: Optional[str],
-                    create_cluster_if_needed: bool = False
-                    ) -> JobSubmissionClient:
+def _get_sdk_client(
+    address: Optional[str], create_cluster_if_needed: bool = False
+) -> JobSubmissionClient:
 
     if address is None:
         if "RAY_ADDRESS" not in os.environ:
             raise ValueError(
                 "Address must be specified using either the --address flag "
-                "or RAY_ADDRESS environment variable.")
+                "or RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."
+            )
         address = os.environ["RAY_ADDRESS"]
 
     cli_logger.labeled_value("Job submission server address", address)
@@ -73,55 +73,67 @@ def job_cli_group():
     pass
 
 
-@job_cli_group.command(
-    "submit", help="Submit a job to be executed on the cluster.")
+@job_cli_group.command("submit", help="Submit a job to be executed on the cluster.")
 @click.option(
     "--address",
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help=("Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
-          "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."))
+    help=(
+        "Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
+        "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."
+    ),
+)
 @click.option(
     "--job-id",
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help=("Job ID to specify for the job. "
-          "If not provided, one will be generated."))
+    help=("Job ID to specify for the job. " "If not provided, one will be generated."),
+)
 @click.option(
     "--runtime-env",
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help="Path to a local YAML file containing a runtime_env definition.")
+    help="Path to a local YAML file containing a runtime_env definition.",
+)
 @click.option(
     "--runtime-env-json",
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help="JSON-serialized runtime_env dictionary.")
+    help="JSON-serialized runtime_env dictionary.",
+)
 @click.option(
     "--working-dir",
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help=("Directory containing files that your job will run in. Can be a "
-          "local directory or a remote URI to a .zip file (S3, GS, HTTP). "
-          "If specified, this overrides the option in --runtime-env."),
+    help=(
+        "Directory containing files that your job will run in. Can be a "
+        "local directory or a remote URI to a .zip file (S3, GS, HTTP). "
+        "If specified, this overrides the option in --runtime-env."
+    ),
 )
 @click.option(
     "--no-wait",
     is_flag=True,
     type=bool,
     default=False,
-    help="If set, will not stream logs and wait for the job to exit.")
+    help="If set, will not stream logs and wait for the job to exit.",
+)
 @add_click_logging_options
 @click.argument("entrypoint", nargs=-1, required=True, type=click.UNPROCESSED)
-def job_submit(address: Optional[str], job_id: Optional[str],
-               runtime_env: Optional[str], runtime_env_json: Optional[str],
-               working_dir: Optional[str], entrypoint: Tuple[str],
-               no_wait: bool):
+def job_submit(
+    address: Optional[str],
+    job_id: Optional[str],
+    runtime_env: Optional[str],
+    runtime_env_json: Optional[str],
+    working_dir: Optional[str],
+    entrypoint: Tuple[str],
+    no_wait: bool,
+):
     """Submits a job to be run on the cluster.
 
     Example:
@@ -132,8 +144,9 @@ def job_submit(address: Optional[str], job_id: Optional[str],
     final_runtime_env = {}
     if runtime_env is not None:
         if runtime_env_json is not None:
-            raise ValueError("Only one of --runtime_env and "
-                             "--runtime-env-json can be provided.")
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Only one of --runtime_env and " "--runtime-env-json can be provided."
+            )
         with open(runtime_env, "r") as f:
             final_runtime_env = yaml.safe_load(f)
 
@@ -143,14 +156,14 @@ def job_submit(address: Optional[str], job_id: Optional[str],
     if working_dir is not None:
         if "working_dir" in final_runtime_env:
             cli_logger.warning(
-                "Overriding runtime_env working_dir with --working-dir option")
+                "Overriding runtime_env working_dir with --working-dir option"
+            )
 
         final_runtime_env["working_dir"] = working_dir
 
     job_id = client.submit_job(
-        entrypoint=" ".join(entrypoint),
-        job_id=job_id,
-        runtime_env=final_runtime_env)
+        entrypoint=" ".join(entrypoint), job_id=job_id, runtime_env=final_runtime_env
+    )
 
     _log_big_success_msg(f"Job '{job_id}' submitted successfully")
 
@@ -172,15 +185,16 @@ def job_submit(address: Optional[str], job_id: Optional[str],
     # sdk version 0 does not have log streaming
     if not no_wait:
         if int(sdk_version) > 0:
-            cli_logger.print("Tailing logs until the job exits "
-                             "(disable with --no-wait):")
-            asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(
-                _tail_logs(client, job_id))
+            cli_logger.print(
+                "Tailing logs until the job exits " "(disable with --no-wait):"
+            )
+            asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(_tail_logs(client, job_id))
         else:
             cli_logger.warning(
                 "Tailing logs is not enabled for job sdk client version "
                 f"{sdk_version}. Please upgrade your ray to latest version "
-                "for this feature.")
+                "for this feature."
+            )
 
 
 @job_cli_group.command("status", help="Get the status of a running job.")
@@ -189,8 +203,11 @@ def job_submit(address: Optional[str], job_id: Optional[str],
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help=("Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
-          "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."))
+    help=(
+        "Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
+        "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."
+    ),
+)
 @click.argument("job-id", type=str)
 @add_click_logging_options
 def job_status(address: Optional[str], job_id: str):
@@ -209,14 +226,18 @@ def job_status(address: Optional[str], job_id: str):
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help=("Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
-          "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."))
+    help=(
+        "Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
+        "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."
+    ),
+)
 @click.option(
     "--no-wait",
     is_flag=True,
     type=bool,
     default=False,
-    help="If set, will not wait for the job to exit.")
+    help="If set, will not wait for the job to exit.",
+)
 @click.argument("job-id", type=str)
 @add_click_logging_options
 def job_stop(address: Optional[str], no_wait: bool, job_id: str):
@@ -232,14 +253,13 @@ def job_stop(address: Optional[str], no_wait: bool, job_id: str):
     if no_wait:
         return
     else:
-        cli_logger.print(f"Waiting for job '{job_id}' to exit "
-                         f"(disable with --no-wait):")
+        cli_logger.print(
+            f"Waiting for job '{job_id}' to exit " f"(disable with --no-wait):"
+        )
 
     while True:
         status = client.get_job_status(job_id)
-        if status.status in {
-                JobStatus.STOPPED, JobStatus.SUCCEEDED, JobStatus.FAILED
-        }:
+        if status.status in {JobStatus.STOPPED, JobStatus.SUCCEEDED, JobStatus.FAILED}:
             _log_job_status(client, job_id)
             break
         else:
@@ -253,8 +273,11 @@ def job_stop(address: Optional[str], no_wait: bool, job_id: str):
     type=str,
     default=None,
     required=False,
-    help=("Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
-          "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."))
+    help=(
+        "Address of the Ray cluster to connect to. Can also be specified "
+        "using the RAY_ADDRESS environment variable."
+    ),
+)
 @click.argument("job-id", type=str)
 @click.option(
     "-f",
@@ -262,7 +285,8 @@ def job_stop(address: Optional[str], no_wait: bool, job_id: str):
     is_flag=True,
     type=bool,
     default=False,
-    help="If set, follow the logs (like `tail -f`).")
+    help="If set, follow the logs (like `tail -f`).",
+)
 @add_click_logging_options
 def job_logs(address: Optional[str], job_id: str, follow: bool):
     """Gets the logs of a job.
@@ -275,12 +299,12 @@ def job_logs(address: Optional[str], job_id: str, follow: bool):
     # sdk version 0 did not have log streaming
     if follow:
         if int(sdk_version) > 0:
-            asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(
-                _tail_logs(client, job_id))
+            asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(_tail_logs(client, job_id))
         else:
             cli_logger.warning(
                 "Tailing logs is not enabled for job sdk client version "
                 f"{sdk_version}. Please upgrade your ray to latest version "
-                "for this feature.")
+                "for this feature."
+            )
     else:
         print(client.get_job_logs(job_id), end="")

dashboard/modules/job/common.py

@@ -39,8 +39,10 @@ class JobStatusInfo:
     def __post_init__(self):
         if self.message is None:
             if self.status == JobStatus.PENDING:
-                self.message = ("Job has not started yet, likely waiting "
-                                "for the runtime_env to be set up.")
+                self.message = (
+                    "Job has not started yet, likely waiting "
+                    "for the runtime_env to be set up."
+                )
             elif self.status == JobStatus.RUNNING:
                 self.message = "Job is currently running."
             elif self.status == JobStatus.STOPPED:
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ class JobStatusStorageClient:
     """
     Handles formatting of status storage key given job id.
     """
+
     JOB_STATUS_KEY = "_ray_internal_job_status_{job_id}"
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -69,12 +72,14 @@ class JobStatusStorageClient:
         _internal_kv_put(
             self.JOB_STATUS_KEY.format(job_id=job_id),
             pickle.dumps(status),
-            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_JOB)
+            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_JOB,
+        )
 
     def get_status(self, job_id: str) -> Optional[JobStatusInfo]:
         pickled_status = _internal_kv_get(
             self.JOB_STATUS_KEY.format(job_id=job_id),
-            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_JOB)
+            namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_JOB,
+        )
         if pickled_status is None:
             return None
         else:
@@ -87,18 +92,16 @@ def uri_to_http_components(package_uri: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
     # We need to strip the gcs:// prefix and .zip suffix to make it
     # possible to pass the package_uri over HTTP.
     protocol, package_name = parse_uri(package_uri)
-    return protocol.value, package_name[:-len(".zip")]
+    return protocol.value, package_name[: -len(".zip")]
 
 
 def http_uri_components_to_uri(protocol: str, package_name: str) -> str:
     if package_name.endswith(".zip"):
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"package_name ({package_name}) should not end in .zip")
+        raise ValueError(f"package_name ({package_name}) should not end in .zip")
     return f"{protocol}://{package_name}.zip"
 
 
-def validate_request_type(json_data: Dict[str, Any],
-                          request_type: dataclass) -> Any:
+def validate_request_type(json_data: Dict[str, Any], request_type: dataclass) -> Any:
     return request_type(**json_data)
 
 
@@ -124,8 +127,7 @@ class JobSubmitRequest:
 
     def __post_init__(self):
         if not isinstance(self.entrypoint, str):
-            raise TypeError(
-                f"entrypoint must be a string, got {type(self.entrypoint)}")
+            raise TypeError(f"entrypoint must be a string, got {type(self.entrypoint)}")
 
         if self.job_id is not None and not isinstance(self.job_id, str):
             raise TypeError(
@@ -141,21 +143,21 @@ class JobSubmitRequest:
                 for k in self.runtime_env.keys():
                     if not isinstance(k, str):
                         raise TypeError(
-                            f"runtime_env keys must be strings, got {type(k)}")
+                            f"runtime_env keys must be strings, got {type(k)}"
+                        )
 
         if self.metadata is not None:
             if not isinstance(self.metadata, dict):
-                raise TypeError(
-                    f"metadata must be a dict, got {type(self.metadata)}")
+                raise TypeError(f"metadata must be a dict, got {type(self.metadata)}")
             else:
                 for k in self.metadata.keys():
                     if not isinstance(k, str):
-                        raise TypeError(
-                            f"metadata keys must be strings, got {type(k)}")
+                        raise TypeError(f"metadata keys must be strings, got {type(k)}")
                 for v in self.metadata.values():
                     if not isinstance(v, str):
                         raise TypeError(
-                            f"metadata values must be strings, got {type(v)}")
+                            f"metadata values must be strings, got {type(v)}"
+                        )
 
 
 @dataclass

dashboard/modules/job/job_head.py

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ import ray
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
 import ray.dashboard.optional_utils as dashboard_optional_utils
 from ray._private.gcs_utils import use_gcs_for_bootstrap
-from ray._private.runtime_env.packaging import (package_exists,
-                                                upload_package_to_gcs)
+from ray._private.runtime_env.packaging import package_exists, upload_package_to_gcs
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import (
     CURRENT_VERSION,
     http_uri_components_to_uri,
@@ -45,19 +44,20 @@ def _init_ray_and_catch_exceptions(f: Callable) -> Callable:
                     if use_gcs_for_bootstrap():
                         address = self._dashboard_head.gcs_address
                         redis_pw = None
-                        logger.info(
-                            f"Connecting to ray with address={address}")
+                        logger.info(f"Connecting to ray with address={address}")
                     else:
                         ip, port = self._dashboard_head.redis_address
                         redis_pw = self._dashboard_head.redis_password
                         address = f"{ip}:{port}"
                         logger.info(
                             f"Connecting to ray with address={address}, "
-                            f"redis_pw={redis_pw}")
+                            f"redis_pw={redis_pw}"
+                        )
                     ray.init(
                         address=address,
                         namespace=RAY_INTERNAL_JOBS_NAMESPACE,
-                        _redis_password=redis_pw)
+                        _redis_password=redis_pw,
+                    )
                 except Exception as e:
                     ray.shutdown()
                     raise e from None
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ def _init_ray_and_catch_exceptions(f: Callable) -> Callable:
             logger.exception(f"Unexpected error in handler: {e}")
             return Response(
                 text=traceback.format_exc(),
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code,
+            )
 
     return check
 
@@ -77,8 +78,9 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         super().__init__(dashboard_head)
         self._job_manager = None
 
-    async def _parse_and_validate_request(self, req: Request,
-                                          request_type: dataclass) -> Any:
+    async def _parse_and_validate_request(
+        self, req: Request, request_type: dataclass
+    ) -> Any:
         """Parse request and cast to request type. If parsing failed, return a
         Response object with status 400 and stacktrace instead.
         """
@@ -88,7 +90,8 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             logger.info(f"Got invalid request type: {e}")
             return Response(
                 text=traceback.format_exc(),
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPBadRequest.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPBadRequest.status_code,
+            )
 
     def job_exists(self, job_id: str) -> bool:
         status = self._job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
@@ -101,7 +104,8 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         resp = VersionResponse(
             version=CURRENT_VERSION,
             ray_version=ray.__version__,
-            ray_commit=ray.__commit__)
+            ray_commit=ray.__commit__,
+        )
         return Response(
             text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)),
             content_type="application/json",
@@ -113,12 +117,14 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
     async def get_package(self, req: Request) -> Response:
         package_uri = http_uri_components_to_uri(
             protocol=req.match_info["protocol"],
-            package_name=req.match_info["package_name"])
+            package_name=req.match_info["package_name"],
+        )
 
         if not package_exists(package_uri):
             return Response(
                 text=f"Package {package_uri} does not exist",
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code,
+            )
 
         return Response()
 
@@ -127,14 +133,16 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
     async def upload_package(self, req: Request):
         package_uri = http_uri_components_to_uri(
             protocol=req.match_info["protocol"],
-            package_name=req.match_info["package_name"])
+            package_name=req.match_info["package_name"],
+        )
         logger.info(f"Uploading package {package_uri} to the GCS.")
         try:
             upload_package_to_gcs(package_uri, await req.read())
         except Exception:
             return Response(
                 text=traceback.format_exc(),
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code,
+            )
 
         return Response(status=aiohttp.web.HTTPOk.status_code)
 
@@ -153,17 +161,20 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                 entrypoint=submit_request.entrypoint,
                 job_id=submit_request.job_id,
                 runtime_env=submit_request.runtime_env,
-                metadata=submit_request.metadata)
+                metadata=submit_request.metadata,
+            )
 
             resp = JobSubmitResponse(job_id=job_id)
         except (TypeError, ValueError):
             return Response(
                 text=traceback.format_exc(),
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPBadRequest.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPBadRequest.status_code,
+            )
         except Exception:
             return Response(
                 text=traceback.format_exc(),
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code,
+            )
 
         return Response(
             text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)),
@@ -178,7 +189,8 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if not self.job_exists(job_id):
             return Response(
                 text=f"Job {job_id} does not exist",
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code,
+            )
 
         try:
             stopped = self._job_manager.stop_job(job_id)
@@ -186,11 +198,12 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         except Exception:
             return Response(
                 text=traceback.format_exc(),
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPInternalServerError.status_code,
+            )
 
         return Response(
-            text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)),
-            content_type="application/json")
+            text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)), content_type="application/json"
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/api/jobs/{job_id}")
     @_init_ray_and_catch_exceptions
@@ -199,13 +212,14 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if not self.job_exists(job_id):
             return Response(
                 text=f"Job {job_id} does not exist",
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code,
+            )
 
         status: JobStatusInfo = self._job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
         resp = JobStatusResponse(status=status.status, message=status.message)
         return Response(
-            text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)),
-            content_type="application/json")
+            text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)), content_type="application/json"
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/api/jobs/{job_id}/logs")
     @_init_ray_and_catch_exceptions
@@ -214,12 +228,13 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if not self.job_exists(job_id):
             return Response(
                 text=f"Job {job_id} does not exist",
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code,
+            )
 
         resp = JobLogsResponse(logs=self._job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id))
         return Response(
-            text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)),
-            content_type="application/json")
+            text=json.dumps(dataclasses.asdict(resp)), content_type="application/json"
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/api/jobs/{job_id}/logs/tail")
     @_init_ray_and_catch_exceptions
@@ -228,7 +243,8 @@ class JobHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if not self.job_exists(job_id):
             return Response(
                 text=f"Job {job_id} does not exist",
-                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code)
+                status=aiohttp.web.HTTPNotFound.status_code,
+            )
 
         ws = aiohttp.web.WebSocketResponse()
         await ws.prepare(req)

dashboard/modules/job/job_manager.py

@@ -15,8 +15,12 @@ from ray.exceptions import RuntimeEnvSetupError
 import ray.ray_constants as ray_constants
 from ray.actor import ActorHandle
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import (
-    JobStatus, JobStatusInfo, JobStatusStorageClient, JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY,
-    JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY)
+    JobStatus,
+    JobStatusInfo,
+    JobStatusStorageClient,
+    JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY,
+    JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY,
+)
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.utils import file_tail_iterator
 from ray._private.runtime_env.constants import RAY_JOB_CONFIG_JSON_ENV_VAR
 
@@ -36,8 +40,8 @@ def generate_job_id() -> str:
     """
     rand = random.SystemRandom()
     possible_characters = list(
-        set(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) -
-        {"I", "l", "o", "O", "0"}  # No confusing characters
+        set(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
+        - {"I", "l", "o", "O", "0"}  # No confusing characters
     )
     id_part = "".join(rand.choices(possible_characters, k=16))
     return f"raysubmit_{id_part}"
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ class JobLogStorageClient:
     """
     Disk storage for stdout / stderr of driver script logs.
     """
+
     JOB_LOGS_PATH = "job-driver-{job_id}.log"
     # Number of last N lines to put in job message upon failure.
     NUM_LOG_LINES_ON_ERROR = 10
@@ -61,9 +66,9 @@ class JobLogStorageClient:
     def tail_logs(self, job_id: str) -> Iterator[str]:
         return file_tail_iterator(self.get_log_file_path(job_id))
 
-    def get_last_n_log_lines(self,
-                             job_id: str,
-                             num_log_lines=NUM_LOG_LINES_ON_ERROR) -> str:
+    def get_last_n_log_lines(
+        self, job_id: str, num_log_lines=NUM_LOG_LINES_ON_ERROR
+    ) -> str:
         log_tail_iter = self.tail_logs(job_id)
         log_tail_deque = deque(maxlen=num_log_lines)
         for line in log_tail_iter:
@@ -80,7 +85,8 @@ class JobLogStorageClient:
         """
         return os.path.join(
             ray.worker._global_node.get_logs_dir_path(),
-            self.JOB_LOGS_PATH.format(job_id=job_id))
+            self.JOB_LOGS_PATH.format(job_id=job_id),
+        )
 
 
 class JobSupervisor:
@@ -95,8 +101,7 @@ class JobSupervisor:
 
     SUBPROCESS_POLL_PERIOD_S = 0.1
 
-    def __init__(self, job_id: str, entrypoint: str,
-                 user_metadata: Dict[str, str]):
+    def __init__(self, job_id: str, entrypoint: str, user_metadata: Dict[str, str]):
         self._job_id = job_id
         self._status_client = JobStatusStorageClient()
         self._log_client = JobLogStorageClient()
@@ -104,10 +109,7 @@ class JobSupervisor:
         self._entrypoint = entrypoint
 
         # Default metadata if not passed by the user.
-        self._metadata = {
-            JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id,
-            JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: job_id
-        }
+        self._metadata = {JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id, JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: job_id}
         self._metadata.update(user_metadata)
 
         # fire and forget call from outer job manager to this actor
@@ -142,7 +144,8 @@ class JobSupervisor:
                 shell=True,
                 start_new_session=True,
                 stdout=logs_file,
-                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+            )
             parent_pid = os.getpid()
             # Create new pgid with new subprocess to execute driver command
             child_pid = child_process.pid
@@ -177,9 +180,10 @@ class JobSupervisor:
             return 1
 
     async def run(
-            self,
-            # Signal actor used in testing to capture PENDING -> RUNNING cases
-            _start_signal_actor: Optional[ActorHandle] = None):
+        self,
+        # Signal actor used in testing to capture PENDING -> RUNNING cases
+        _start_signal_actor: Optional[ActorHandle] = None,
+    ):
         """
         Stop and start both happen asynchrously, coordinated by asyncio event
         and coroutine, respectively.
@@ -190,26 +194,26 @@ class JobSupervisor:
         3) Handle concurrent events of driver execution and
         """
         cur_status = self._get_status()
-        assert cur_status.status == JobStatus.PENDING, (
-            "Run should only be called once.")
+        assert cur_status.status == JobStatus.PENDING, "Run should only be called once."
 
         if _start_signal_actor:
             # Block in PENDING state until start signal received.
             await _start_signal_actor.wait.remote()
 
-        self._status_client.put_status(self._job_id,
-                                       JobStatusInfo(JobStatus.RUNNING))
+        self._status_client.put_status(self._job_id, JobStatusInfo(JobStatus.RUNNING))
 
         try:
             # Set JobConfig for the child process (runtime_env, metadata).
-            os.environ[RAY_JOB_CONFIG_JSON_ENV_VAR] = json.dumps({
-                "runtime_env": self._runtime_env,
-                "metadata": self._metadata,
-            })
+            os.environ[RAY_JOB_CONFIG_JSON_ENV_VAR] = json.dumps(
+                {
+                    "runtime_env": self._runtime_env,
+                    "metadata": self._metadata,
+                }
+            )
             # Set RAY_ADDRESS to local Ray address, if it is not set.
             os.environ[
-                ray_constants.RAY_ADDRESS_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE] = \
-                ray._private.services.get_ray_address_from_environment()
+                ray_constants.RAY_ADDRESS_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE
+            ] = ray._private.services.get_ray_address_from_environment()
             # Set PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 to stream logs during the job instead of
             # only streaming them upon completion of the job.
             os.environ["PYTHONUNBUFFERED"] = "1"
@@ -218,8 +222,8 @@ class JobSupervisor:
 
             polling_task = create_task(self._polling(child_process))
             finished, _ = await asyncio.wait(
-                [polling_task, self._stop_event.wait()],
-                return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED)
+                [polling_task, self._stop_event.wait()], return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED
+            )
 
             if self._stop_event.is_set():
                 polling_task.cancel()
@@ -229,29 +233,29 @@ class JobSupervisor:
             else:
                 # Child process finished execution and no stop event is set
                 # at the same time
-                assert len(
-                    finished) == 1, "Should have only one coroutine done"
+                assert len(finished) == 1, "Should have only one coroutine done"
                 [child_process_task] = finished
                 return_code = child_process_task.result()
                 if return_code == 0:
-                    self._status_client.put_status(self._job_id,
-                                                   JobStatus.SUCCEEDED)
+                    self._status_client.put_status(self._job_id, JobStatus.SUCCEEDED)
                 else:
-                    log_tail = self._log_client.get_last_n_log_lines(
-                        self._job_id)
+                    log_tail = self._log_client.get_last_n_log_lines(self._job_id)
                     if log_tail is not None and log_tail != "":
-                        message = ("Job failed due to an application error, "
-                                   "last available logs:\n" + log_tail)
+                        message = (
+                            "Job failed due to an application error, "
+                            "last available logs:\n" + log_tail
+                        )
                     else:
                         message = None
                     self._status_client.put_status(
                         self._job_id,
-                        JobStatusInfo(
-                            status=JobStatus.FAILED, message=message))
+                        JobStatusInfo(status=JobStatus.FAILED, message=message),
+                    )
         except Exception:
             logger.error(
                 "Got unexpected exception while trying to execute driver "
-                f"command. {traceback.format_exc()}")
+                f"command. {traceback.format_exc()}"
+            )
         finally:
             # clean up actor after tasks are finished
             ray.actor.exit_actor()
@@ -260,8 +264,7 @@ class JobSupervisor:
         return self._status_client.get_status(self._job_id)
 
     def stop(self):
-        """Set step_event and let run() handle the rest in its asyncio.wait().
-        """
+        """Set step_event and let run() handle the rest in its asyncio.wait()."""
         self._stop_event.set()
 
 
@@ -271,6 +274,7 @@ class JobManager:
     It does not provide persistence, all info will be lost if the cluster
     goes down.
     """
+
     JOB_ACTOR_NAME = "_ray_internal_job_actor_{job_id}"
     # Time that we will sleep while tailing logs if no new log line is
     # available.
@@ -300,11 +304,9 @@ class JobManager:
                     if key.startswith("node:"):
                         return key
         else:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Cannot find the node dictionary for current node.")
+            raise ValueError("Cannot find the node dictionary for current node.")
 
-    def _handle_supervisor_startup(self, job_id: str,
-                                   result: Optional[Exception]):
+    def _handle_supervisor_startup(self, job_id: str, result: Optional[Exception]):
         """Handle the result of starting a job supervisor actor.
 
         If started successfully, result should be None. Otherwise it should be
@@ -321,26 +323,30 @@ class JobManager:
                 job_id,
                 JobStatusInfo(
                     status=JobStatus.FAILED,
-                    message=(f"runtime_env setup failed: {result}")))
+                    message=(f"runtime_env setup failed: {result}"),
+                ),
+            )
         elif isinstance(result, Exception):
-            logger.error(
-                f"Failed to start supervisor for job {job_id}: {result}.")
+            logger.error(f"Failed to start supervisor for job {job_id}: {result}.")
             self._status_client.put_status(
                 job_id,
                 JobStatusInfo(
                     status=JobStatus.FAILED,
-                    message=f"Error occurred while starting the job: {result}")
+                    message=f"Error occurred while starting the job: {result}",
+                ),
             )
         else:
             assert False, "This should not be reached."
 
-    def submit_job(self,
-                   *,
-                   entrypoint: str,
-                   job_id: Optional[str] = None,
-                   runtime_env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-                   metadata: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-                   _start_signal_actor: Optional[ActorHandle] = None) -> str:
+    def submit_job(
+        self,
+        *,
+        entrypoint: str,
+        job_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        runtime_env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        _start_signal_actor: Optional[ActorHandle] = None,
+    ) -> str:
         """
         Job execution happens asynchronously.
 
@@ -390,8 +396,8 @@ class JobManager:
                 resources={
                     self._get_current_node_resource_key(): 0.001,
                 },
-                runtime_env=runtime_env).remote(job_id, entrypoint, metadata
-                                                or {})
+                runtime_env=runtime_env,
+            ).remote(job_id, entrypoint, metadata or {})
             actor.run.remote(_start_signal_actor=_start_signal_actor)
 
             def callback(result: Optional[Exception]):
@@ -441,7 +447,8 @@ class JobManager:
             # updating GCS with latest status.
             last_status = self._status_client.get_status(job_id)
             if last_status and last_status.status in {
-                    JobStatus.PENDING, JobStatus.RUNNING
+                JobStatus.PENDING,
+                JobStatus.RUNNING,
             }:
                 self._status_client.put_status(job_id, JobStatus.FAILED)
 

dashboard/modules/job/sdk.py

@@ -13,10 +13,19 @@ except ImportError:
     requests = None
 
 from ray._private.runtime_env.packaging import (
-    create_package, get_uri_for_directory, parse_uri)
+    create_package,
+    get_uri_for_directory,
+    parse_uri,
+)
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import (
-    JobSubmitRequest, JobSubmitResponse, JobStopResponse, JobStatusInfo,
-    JobStatusResponse, JobLogsResponse, uri_to_http_components)
+    JobSubmitRequest,
+    JobSubmitResponse,
+    JobStopResponse,
+    JobStatusInfo,
+    JobStatusResponse,
+    JobLogsResponse,
+    uri_to_http_components,
+)
 
 from ray.client_builder import _split_address
 
@@ -33,51 +42,49 @@ class ClusterInfo:
 
 
 def get_job_submission_client_cluster_info(
-        address: str,
-        # For backwards compatibility
-        *,
-        # only used in importlib case in parse_cluster_info, but needed
-        # in function signature.
-        create_cluster_if_needed: Optional[bool] = False,
-        cookies: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> ClusterInfo:
+    address: str,
+    # For backwards compatibility
+    *,
+    # only used in importlib case in parse_cluster_info, but needed
+    # in function signature.
+    create_cluster_if_needed: Optional[bool] = False,
+    cookies: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+) -> ClusterInfo:
     """Get address, cookies, and metadata used for JobSubmissionClient.
 
-        Args:
-            address (str): Address without the module prefix that is passed
-                to JobSubmissionClient.
-            create_cluster_if_needed (bool): Indicates whether the cluster
-                of the address returned needs to be running. Ray doesn't
-                start a cluster before interacting with jobs, but other
-                implementations may do so.
+    Args:
+        address (str): Address without the module prefix that is passed
+            to JobSubmissionClient.
+        create_cluster_if_needed (bool): Indicates whether the cluster
+            of the address returned needs to be running. Ray doesn't
+            start a cluster before interacting with jobs, but other
+            implementations may do so.
 
-        Returns:
-            ClusterInfo object consisting of address, cookies, and metadata
-            for JobSubmissionClient to use.
-        """
+    Returns:
+        ClusterInfo object consisting of address, cookies, and metadata
+        for JobSubmissionClient to use.
+    """
     return ClusterInfo(
-        address="http://" + address,
-        cookies=cookies,
-        metadata=metadata,
-        headers=headers)
+        address="http://" + address, cookies=cookies, metadata=metadata, headers=headers
+    )
 
 
 def parse_cluster_info(
-        address: str,
-        create_cluster_if_needed: bool = False,
-        cookies: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> ClusterInfo:
+    address: str,
+    create_cluster_if_needed: bool = False,
+    cookies: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+) -> ClusterInfo:
     module_string, inner_address = _split_address(address.rstrip("/"))
 
     # If user passes in a raw HTTP(S) address, just pass it through.
     if module_string == "http" or module_string == "https":
         return ClusterInfo(
-            address=address,
-            cookies=cookies,
-            metadata=metadata,
-            headers=headers)
+            address=address, cookies=cookies, metadata=metadata, headers=headers
+        )
     # If user passes in a Ray address, convert it to HTTP.
     elif module_string == "ray":
         return get_job_submission_client_cluster_info(
@@ -85,7 +92,8 @@ def parse_cluster_info(
             create_cluster_if_needed=create_cluster_if_needed,
             cookies=cookies,
             metadata=metadata,
-            headers=headers)
+            headers=headers,
+        )
     # Try to dynamically import the function to get cluster info.
     else:
         try:
@@ -93,33 +101,40 @@ def parse_cluster_info(
         except Exception:
             raise RuntimeError(
                 f"Module: {module_string} does not exist.\n"
-                f"This module was parsed from Address: {address}") from None
+                f"This module was parsed from Address: {address}"
+            ) from None
         assert "get_job_submission_client_cluster_info" in dir(module), (
             f"Module: {module_string} does "
-            "not have `get_job_submission_client_cluster_info`.")
+            "not have `get_job_submission_client_cluster_info`."
+        )
 
         return module.get_job_submission_client_cluster_info(
             inner_address,
             create_cluster_if_needed=create_cluster_if_needed,
             cookies=cookies,
             metadata=metadata,
-            headers=headers)
+            headers=headers,
+        )
 
 
 class JobSubmissionClient:
-    def __init__(self,
-                 address: str,
-                 create_cluster_if_needed=False,
-                 cookies: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-                 metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-                 headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        address: str,
+        create_cluster_if_needed=False,
+        cookies: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ):
         if requests is None:
             raise RuntimeError(
                 "The Ray jobs CLI & SDK require the ray[default] "
-                "installation: `pip install 'ray[default']``")
+                "installation: `pip install 'ray[default']``"
+            )
 
-        cluster_info = parse_cluster_info(address, create_cluster_if_needed,
-                                          cookies, metadata, headers)
+        cluster_info = parse_cluster_info(
+            address, create_cluster_if_needed, cookies, metadata, headers
+        )
         self._address = cluster_info.address
         self._cookies = cluster_info.cookies
         self._default_metadata = cluster_info.metadata or {}
@@ -136,38 +151,43 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
                 raise RuntimeError(
                     "Jobs API not supported on the Ray cluster. "
                     "Please ensure the cluster is running "
-                    "Ray 1.9 or higher.")
+                    "Ray 1.9 or higher."
+                )
 
             r.raise_for_status()
             # TODO(edoakes): check the version if/when we break compatibility.
         except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
             raise ConnectionError(
-                f"Failed to connect to Ray at address: {self._address}.")
+                f"Failed to connect to Ray at address: {self._address}."
+            )
 
     def _raise_error(self, r: "requests.Response"):
         raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Request failed with status code {r.status_code}: {r.text}.")
+            f"Request failed with status code {r.status_code}: {r.text}."
+        )
 
-    def _do_request(self,
-                    method: str,
-                    endpoint: str,
-                    *,
-                    data: Optional[bytes] = None,
-                    json_data: Optional[dict] = None) -> Optional[object]:
+    def _do_request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        endpoint: str,
+        *,
+        data: Optional[bytes] = None,
+        json_data: Optional[dict] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[object]:
         url = self._address + endpoint
-        logger.debug(
-            f"Sending request to {url} with json data: {json_data or {}}.")
+        logger.debug(f"Sending request to {url} with json data: {json_data or {}}.")
         return requests.request(
             method,
             url,
             cookies=self._cookies,
             data=data,
             json=json_data,
-            headers=self._headers)
+            headers=self._headers,
+        )
 
     def _package_exists(
-            self,
-            package_uri: str,
+        self,
+        package_uri: str,
     ) -> bool:
         protocol, package_name = uri_to_http_components(package_uri)
         r = self._do_request("GET", f"/api/packages/{protocol}/{package_name}")
@@ -181,11 +201,13 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
         else:
             self._raise_error(r)
 
-    def _upload_package(self,
-                        package_uri: str,
-                        package_path: str,
-                        include_parent_dir: Optional[bool] = False,
-                        excludes: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> bool:
+    def _upload_package(
+        self,
+        package_uri: str,
+        package_path: str,
+        include_parent_dir: Optional[bool] = False,
+        excludes: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    ) -> bool:
         logger.info(f"Uploading package {package_uri}.")
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
             protocol, package_name = uri_to_http_components(package_uri)
@@ -194,26 +216,27 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
                 package_path,
                 package_file,
                 include_parent_dir=include_parent_dir,
-                excludes=excludes)
+                excludes=excludes,
+            )
             try:
                 r = self._do_request(
                     "PUT",
                     f"/api/packages/{protocol}/{package_name}",
-                    data=package_file.read_bytes())
+                    data=package_file.read_bytes(),
+                )
                 if r.status_code != 200:
                     self._raise_error(r)
             finally:
                 package_file.unlink()
 
-    def _upload_package_if_needed(self,
-                                  package_path: str,
-                                  excludes: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> str:
+    def _upload_package_if_needed(
+        self, package_path: str, excludes: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    ) -> str:
         package_uri = get_uri_for_directory(package_path, excludes=excludes)
         if not self._package_exists(package_uri):
             self._upload_package(package_uri, package_path, excludes=excludes)
         else:
-            logger.info(
-                f"Package {package_uri} already exists, skipping upload.")
+            logger.info(f"Package {package_uri} already exists, skipping upload.")
 
         return package_uri
 
@@ -230,7 +253,8 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
             if not is_uri:
                 logger.debug("working_dir is not a URI, attempting to upload.")
                 package_uri = self._upload_package_if_needed(
-                    working_dir, excludes=runtime_env.get("excludes", None))
+                    working_dir, excludes=runtime_env.get("excludes", None)
+                )
                 runtime_env["working_dir"] = package_uri
 
     def get_version(self) -> str:
@@ -241,12 +265,12 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
             self._raise_error(r)
 
     def submit_job(
-            self,
-            *,
-            entrypoint: str,
-            job_id: Optional[str] = None,
-            runtime_env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-            metadata: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        self,
+        *,
+        entrypoint: str,
+        job_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        runtime_env: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        metadata: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
     ) -> str:
         runtime_env = runtime_env or {}
         metadata = metadata or {}
@@ -257,11 +281,11 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
             entrypoint=entrypoint,
             job_id=job_id,
             runtime_env=runtime_env,
-            metadata=metadata)
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
 
         logger.debug(f"Submitting job with job_id={job_id}.")
-        r = self._do_request(
-            "POST", "/api/jobs/", json_data=dataclasses.asdict(req))
+        r = self._do_request("POST", "/api/jobs/", json_data=dataclasses.asdict(req))
 
         if r.status_code == 200:
             return JobSubmitResponse(**r.json()).job_id
@@ -269,8 +293,8 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
             self._raise_error(r)
 
     def stop_job(
-            self,
-            job_id: str,
+        self,
+        job_id: str,
     ) -> bool:
         logger.debug(f"Stopping job with job_id={job_id}.")
         r = self._do_request("POST", f"/api/jobs/{job_id}/stop")
@@ -281,15 +305,14 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
             self._raise_error(r)
 
     def get_job_status(
-            self,
-            job_id: str,
+        self,
+        job_id: str,
     ) -> JobStatusInfo:
         r = self._do_request("GET", f"/api/jobs/{job_id}")
 
         if r.status_code == 200:
             response = JobStatusResponse(**r.json())
-            return JobStatusInfo(
-                status=response.status, message=response.message)
+            return JobStatusInfo(status=response.status, message=response.message)
         else:
             self._raise_error(r)
 
@@ -304,7 +327,8 @@ class JobSubmissionClient:
     async def tail_job_logs(self, job_id: str) -> Iterator[str]:
         async with aiohttp.ClientSession(cookies=self._cookies) as session:
             ws = await session.ws_connect(
-                f"{self._address}/api/jobs/{job_id}/logs/tail")
+                f"{self._address}/api/jobs/{job_id}/logs/tail"
+            )
 
             while True:
                 msg = await ws.receive()

dashboard/modules/job/tests/subprocess_driver_scripts/override_env_var.py

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ we ended up using job submission API call's runtime_env instead of scripts
 def run():
     import ray
     import os
+
     ray.init(
         address=os.environ["RAY_ADDRESS"],
         runtime_env={
-            "env_vars": {
-                "TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "SHOULD_BE_OVERRIDEN"
-            }
-        })
+            "env_vars": {"TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "SHOULD_BE_OVERRIDEN"}
+        },
+    )
 
     @ray.remote
     def foo():

dashboard/modules/job/tests/test_backwards_compatibility.py

@@ -21,15 +21,14 @@ def conda_env(env_name):
         # Clean up created conda env upon test exit to prevent leaking
         del os.environ["JOB_COMPATIBILITY_TEST_TEMP_ENV"]
         subprocess.run(
-            f"conda env remove -y --name {env_name}",
-            shell=True,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            f"conda env remove -y --name {env_name}", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
 
 
 def _compatibility_script_path(file_name: str) -> str:
     return os.path.join(
-        os.path.dirname(__file__), "backwards_compatibility_scripts",
-        file_name)
+        os.path.dirname(__file__), "backwards_compatibility_scripts", file_name
+    )
 
 
 class TestBackwardsCompatibility:
@@ -48,8 +47,7 @@ class TestBackwardsCompatibility:
             shell_cmd = f"{_compatibility_script_path('test_backwards_compatibility.sh')}"  # noqa: E501
 
             try:
-                subprocess.check_output(
-                    shell_cmd, shell=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+                subprocess.check_output(shell_cmd, shell=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
             except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                 logger.error(str(e))
                 logger.error(e.stdout.decode())

dashboard/modules/job/tests/test_cli.py

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ def mock_sdk_client():
 
     if "RAY_ADDRESS" in os.environ:
         del os.environ["RAY_ADDRESS"]
-    with mock.patch("ray.dashboard.modules.job.cli.JobSubmissionClient"
-                    ) as mock_client:
+    with mock.patch("ray.dashboard.modules.job.cli.JobSubmissionClient") as mock_client:
         # In python 3.6 it will fail with error
         # 'async for' requires an object with __aiter__ method, got MagicMock"
         mock_client().tail_job_logs.return_value = AsyncIterator(range(10))
@@ -52,9 +51,7 @@ def runtime_env_formats():
             "working_dir": "s3://bogus.zip",
             "conda": "conda_env",
             "pip": ["pip-install-test"],
-            "env_vars": {
-                "hi": "hi2"
-            }
+            "env_vars": {"hi": "hi2"},
         }
 
         yaml_file = path / "env.yaml"
@@ -86,14 +83,13 @@ class TestSubmit:
 
         # Test passing address via command line.
         result = runner.invoke(
-            job_cli_group,
-            ["submit", "--address=arg_addr", "--", "echo hello"])
+            job_cli_group, ["submit", "--address=arg_addr", "--", "echo hello"]
+        )
         assert mock_sdk_client.called_with("arg_addr")
         assert result.exit_code == 0
         # Test passing address via env var.
         with set_env_var("RAY_ADDRESS", "env_addr"):
-            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group,
-                                   ["submit", "--", "echo hello"])
+            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group, ["submit", "--", "echo hello"])
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_sdk_client.called_with("env_addr")
         # Test passing no address.
@@ -106,24 +102,22 @@ class TestSubmit:
         mock_client_instance = mock_sdk_client.return_value
 
         with set_env_var("RAY_ADDRESS", "env_addr"):
-            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group,
-                                   ["submit", "--", "echo hello"])
+            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group, ["submit", "--", "echo hello"])
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_client_instance.called_with(runtime_env={})
 
             result = runner.invoke(
                 job_cli_group,
-                ["submit", "--", "--working-dir", "blah", "--", "echo hello"])
+                ["submit", "--", "--working-dir", "blah", "--", "echo hello"],
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 0
-            assert mock_client_instance.called_with(
-                runtime_env={"working_dir": "blah"})
+            assert mock_client_instance.called_with(runtime_env={"working_dir": "blah"})
 
             result = runner.invoke(
-                job_cli_group,
-                ["submit", "--", "--working-dir='.'", "--", "echo hello"])
+                job_cli_group, ["submit", "--", "--working-dir='.'", "--", "echo hello"]
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 0
-            assert mock_client_instance.called_with(
-                runtime_env={"working_dir": "."})
+            assert mock_client_instance.called_with(runtime_env={"working_dir": "."})
 
     def test_runtime_env(self, mock_sdk_client, runtime_env_formats):
         runner = CliRunner()
@@ -133,39 +127,64 @@ class TestSubmit:
         with set_env_var("RAY_ADDRESS", "env_addr"):
             # Test passing via file.
             result = runner.invoke(
-                job_cli_group,
-                ["submit", "--runtime-env", env_yaml, "--", "echo hello"])
+                job_cli_group, ["submit", "--runtime-env", env_yaml, "--", "echo hello"]
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_client_instance.called_with(runtime_env=env_dict)
 
             # Test passing via json.
             result = runner.invoke(
                 job_cli_group,
-                ["submit", "--runtime-env-json", env_json, "--", "echo hello"])
+                ["submit", "--runtime-env-json", env_json, "--", "echo hello"],
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_client_instance.called_with(runtime_env=env_dict)
 
             # Test passing both throws an error.
-            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group, [
-                "submit", "--runtime-env", env_yaml, "--runtime-env-json",
-                env_json, "--", "echo hello"
-            ])
+            result = runner.invoke(
+                job_cli_group,
+                [
+                    "submit",
+                    "--runtime-env",
+                    env_yaml,
+                    "--runtime-env-json",
+                    env_json,
+                    "--",
+                    "echo hello",
+                ],
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 1
             assert "Only one of" in str(result.exception)
 
             # Test overriding working_dir.
             env_dict.update(working_dir=".")
-            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group, [
-                "submit", "--runtime-env", env_yaml, "--working-dir", ".",
-                "--", "echo hello"
-            ])
+            result = runner.invoke(
+                job_cli_group,
+                [
+                    "submit",
+                    "--runtime-env",
+                    env_yaml,
+                    "--working-dir",
+                    ".",
+                    "--",
+                    "echo hello",
+                ],
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_client_instance.called_with(runtime_env=env_dict)
 
-            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group, [
-                "submit", "--runtime-env-json", env_json, "--working-dir", ".",
-                "--", "echo hello"
-            ])
+            result = runner.invoke(
+                job_cli_group,
+                [
+                    "submit",
+                    "--runtime-env-json",
+                    env_json,
+                    "--working-dir",
+                    ".",
+                    "--",
+                    "echo hello",
+                ],
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_client_instance.called_with(runtime_env=env_dict)
 
@@ -174,18 +193,18 @@ class TestSubmit:
         mock_client_instance = mock_sdk_client.return_value
 
         with set_env_var("RAY_ADDRESS", "env_addr"):
-            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group,
-                                   ["submit", "--", "echo hello"])
+            result = runner.invoke(job_cli_group, ["submit", "--", "echo hello"])
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_client_instance.called_with(job_id=None)
 
             result = runner.invoke(
-                job_cli_group,
-                ["submit", "--", "--job-id=my_job_id", "echo hello"])
+                job_cli_group, ["submit", "--", "--job-id=my_job_id", "echo hello"]
+            )
             assert result.exit_code == 0
             assert mock_client_instance.called_with(job_id="my_job_id")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import sys
+
     sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))

dashboard/modules/job/tests/test_cli_integration.py

@@ -60,25 +60,27 @@ class TestRayAddress:
     def test_empty_ray_address(self, ray_start_stop):
         with set_env_var("RAY_ADDRESS", None):
             completed_process = subprocess.run(
-                ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"],
-                stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+                ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"], stderr=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
             stderr = completed_process.stderr.decode("utf-8")
             # Current dashboard module that raises no exception from requests..
-            assert ("Address must be specified using either the "
-                    "--address flag or RAY_ADDRESS environment") in stderr
+            assert (
+                "Address must be specified using either the "
+                "--address flag or RAY_ADDRESS environment"
+            ) in stderr
 
     def test_ray_client_address(self, ray_start_stop):
         completed_process = subprocess.run(
-            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"],
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
         stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
         assert "hello" in stdout
         assert "succeeded" in stdout
 
     def test_valid_http_ray_address(self, ray_start_stop):
         completed_process = subprocess.run(
-            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"],
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
         stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
         assert "hello" in stdout
         assert "succeeded" in stdout
@@ -87,8 +89,8 @@ class TestRayAddress:
         with set_env_var("RAY_ADDRESS", "http://127.0.0.1:8265"):
             with ray_cluster_manager():
                 completed_process = subprocess.run(
-                    ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"],
-                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+                    ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+                )
                 stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
                 assert "hello" in stdout
                 assert "succeeded" in stdout
@@ -97,8 +99,8 @@ class TestRayAddress:
         with set_env_var("RAY_ADDRESS", "127.0.0.1:8265"):
             with ray_cluster_manager():
                 completed_process = subprocess.run(
-                    ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"],
-                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+                    ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", "echo hello"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+                )
                 stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
                 assert "hello" in stdout
                 assert "succeeded" in stdout
@@ -109,7 +111,8 @@ class TestJobSubmit:
         """Should tail logs and wait for process to exit."""
         cmd = "sleep 1 && echo hello && sleep 1 && echo hello"
         completed_process = subprocess.run(
-            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", cmd], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--", cmd], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
         stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
         assert "hello\nhello" in stdout
         assert "succeeded" in stdout
@@ -118,8 +121,8 @@ class TestJobSubmit:
         """Should exit immediately w/o printing logs."""
         cmd = "echo hello && sleep 1000"
         completed_process = subprocess.run(
-            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--no-wait", "--", cmd],
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--no-wait", "--", cmd], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
         stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
         assert "hello" not in stdout
         assert "Tailing logs until the job exits" not in stdout
@@ -130,13 +133,13 @@ class TestJobStop:
         """Should wait until the job is stopped."""
         cmd = "sleep 1000"
         job_id = "test_basic_stop"
-        completed_process = subprocess.run([
-            "ray", "job", "submit", "--no-wait", f"--job-id={job_id}", "--",
-            cmd
-        ])
+        completed_process = subprocess.run(
+            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--no-wait", f"--job-id={job_id}", "--", cmd]
+        )
 
         completed_process = subprocess.run(
-            ["ray", "job", "stop", job_id], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            ["ray", "job", "stop", job_id], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
         stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
         assert "Waiting for job" in stdout
         assert f"Job '{job_id}' was stopped" in stdout
@@ -145,14 +148,13 @@ class TestJobStop:
         """Should not wait until the job is stopped."""
         cmd = "echo hello && sleep 1000"
         job_id = "test_stop_no_wait"
-        completed_process = subprocess.run([
-            "ray", "job", "submit", "--no-wait", f"--job-id={job_id}", "--",
-            cmd
-        ])
+        completed_process = subprocess.run(
+            ["ray", "job", "submit", "--no-wait", f"--job-id={job_id}", "--", cmd]
+        )
 
         completed_process = subprocess.run(
-            ["ray", "job", "stop", "--no-wait", job_id],
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            ["ray", "job", "stop", "--no-wait", job_id], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+        )
         stdout = completed_process.stdout.decode("utf-8")
         assert "Waiting for job" not in stdout
         assert f"Job '{job_id}' was stopped" not in stdout

dashboard/modules/job/tests/test_common.py

@@ -24,82 +24,61 @@ class TestJobSubmitRequestValidation:
         assert r.entrypoint == "abc"
         assert r.job_id is None
 
-        r = validate_request_type({
-            "entrypoint": "abc",
-            "job_id": "123"
-        }, JobSubmitRequest)
+        r = validate_request_type(
+            {"entrypoint": "abc", "job_id": "123"}, JobSubmitRequest
+        )
         assert r.entrypoint == "abc"
         assert r.job_id == "123"
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must be a string"):
-            validate_request_type({
-                "entrypoint": 123,
-                "job_id": 1
-            }, JobSubmitRequest)
+            validate_request_type({"entrypoint": 123, "job_id": 1}, JobSubmitRequest)
 
     def test_validate_runtime_env(self):
         r = validate_request_type({"entrypoint": "abc"}, JobSubmitRequest)
         assert r.entrypoint == "abc"
         assert r.runtime_env is None
 
-        r = validate_request_type({
-            "entrypoint": "abc",
-            "runtime_env": {
-                "hi": "hi2"
-            }
-        }, JobSubmitRequest)
+        r = validate_request_type(
+            {"entrypoint": "abc", "runtime_env": {"hi": "hi2"}}, JobSubmitRequest
+        )
         assert r.entrypoint == "abc"
         assert r.runtime_env == {"hi": "hi2"}
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must be a dict"):
-            validate_request_type({
-                "entrypoint": "abc",
-                "runtime_env": 123
-            }, JobSubmitRequest)
+            validate_request_type(
+                {"entrypoint": "abc", "runtime_env": 123}, JobSubmitRequest
+            )
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="keys must be strings"):
-            validate_request_type({
-                "entrypoint": "abc",
-                "runtime_env": {
-                    1: "hi"
-                }
-            }, JobSubmitRequest)
+            validate_request_type(
+                {"entrypoint": "abc", "runtime_env": {1: "hi"}}, JobSubmitRequest
+            )
 
     def test_validate_metadata(self):
         r = validate_request_type({"entrypoint": "abc"}, JobSubmitRequest)
         assert r.entrypoint == "abc"
         assert r.metadata is None
 
-        r = validate_request_type({
-            "entrypoint": "abc",
-            "metadata": {
-                "hi": "hi2"
-            }
-        }, JobSubmitRequest)
+        r = validate_request_type(
+            {"entrypoint": "abc", "metadata": {"hi": "hi2"}}, JobSubmitRequest
+        )
         assert r.entrypoint == "abc"
         assert r.metadata == {"hi": "hi2"}
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="must be a dict"):
-            validate_request_type({
-                "entrypoint": "abc",
-                "metadata": 123
-            }, JobSubmitRequest)
+            validate_request_type(
+                {"entrypoint": "abc", "metadata": 123}, JobSubmitRequest
+            )
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="keys must be strings"):
-            validate_request_type({
-                "entrypoint": "abc",
-                "metadata": {
-                    1: "hi"
-                }
-            }, JobSubmitRequest)
+            validate_request_type(
+                {"entrypoint": "abc", "metadata": {1: "hi"}}, JobSubmitRequest
+            )
 
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="values must be strings"):
-            validate_request_type({
-                "entrypoint": "abc",
-                "metadata": {
-                    "hi": 1
-                }
-            }, JobSubmitRequest)
+            validate_request_type(
+                {"entrypoint": "abc", "metadata": {"hi": 1}}, JobSubmitRequest
+            )
 
 
 def test_uri_to_http_and_back():
@@ -127,4 +106,5 @@ def test_uri_to_http_and_back():
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import sys
+
     sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))

dashboard/modules/job/tests/test_http_job_server.py

@@ -8,11 +8,17 @@ import pytest
 import ray
 from ray.dashboard.tests.conftest import *  # noqa
 from ray.tests.conftest import _ray_start
-from ray._private.test_utils import (format_web_url, wait_for_condition,
-                                     wait_until_server_available)
+from ray._private.test_utils import (
+    format_web_url,
+    wait_for_condition,
+    wait_until_server_available,
+)
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import CURRENT_VERSION, JobStatus
-from ray.dashboard.modules.job.sdk import (ClusterInfo, JobSubmissionClient,
-                                           parse_cluster_info)
+from ray.dashboard.modules.job.sdk import (
+    ClusterInfo,
+    JobSubmissionClient,
+    parse_cluster_info,
+)
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -50,8 +56,8 @@ def _check_job_stopped(client: JobSubmissionClient, job_id: str) -> bool:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(
-    scope="module",
-    params=["no_working_dir", "local_working_dir", "s3_working_dir"])
+    scope="module", params=["no_working_dir", "local_working_dir", "s3_working_dir"]
+)
 def working_dir_option(request):
     if request.param == "no_working_dir":
         yield {
@@ -81,9 +87,7 @@ def working_dir_option(request):
                 f.write("from test_module.test import run_test\n")
 
             yield {
-                "runtime_env": {
-                    "working_dir": tmp_dir
-                },
+                "runtime_env": {"working_dir": tmp_dir},
                 "entrypoint": "python test.py",
                 "expected_logs": "Hello from test_module!\n",
             }
@@ -104,7 +108,8 @@ def test_submit_job(job_sdk_client, working_dir_option):
 
     job_id = client.submit_job(
         entrypoint=working_dir_option["entrypoint"],
-        runtime_env=working_dir_option["runtime_env"])
+        runtime_env=working_dir_option["runtime_env"],
+    )
 
     wait_for_condition(_check_job_succeeded, client=client, job_id=job_id)
 
@@ -133,7 +138,8 @@ def test_http_bad_request(job_sdk_client):
 def test_invalid_runtime_env(job_sdk_client):
     client = job_sdk_client
     job_id = client.submit_job(
-        entrypoint="echo hello", runtime_env={"working_dir": "s3://not_a_zip"})
+        entrypoint="echo hello", runtime_env={"working_dir": "s3://not_a_zip"}
+    )
 
     wait_for_condition(_check_job_failed, client=client, job_id=job_id)
     status = client.get_job_status(job_id)
@@ -143,8 +149,8 @@ def test_invalid_runtime_env(job_sdk_client):
 def test_runtime_env_setup_failure(job_sdk_client):
     client = job_sdk_client
     job_id = client.submit_job(
-        entrypoint="echo hello",
-        runtime_env={"working_dir": "s3://does_not_exist.zip"})
+        entrypoint="echo hello", runtime_env={"working_dir": "s3://does_not_exist.zip"}
+    )
 
     wait_for_condition(_check_job_failed, client=client, job_id=job_id)
     status = client.get_job_status(job_id)
@@ -168,8 +174,8 @@ raise RuntimeError('Intentionally failed.')
             file.write(driver_script)
 
         job_id = client.submit_job(
-            entrypoint="python test_script.py",
-            runtime_env={"working_dir": tmp_dir})
+            entrypoint="python test_script.py", runtime_env={"working_dir": tmp_dir}
+        )
 
         wait_for_condition(_check_job_failed, client=client, job_id=job_id)
         logs = client.get_job_logs(job_id)
@@ -196,8 +202,8 @@ raise RuntimeError('Intentionally failed.')
             file.write(driver_script)
 
         job_id = client.submit_job(
-            entrypoint="python test_script.py",
-            runtime_env={"working_dir": tmp_dir})
+            entrypoint="python test_script.py", runtime_env={"working_dir": tmp_dir}
+        )
         assert client.stop_job(job_id) is True
         wait_for_condition(_check_job_stopped, client=client, job_id=job_id)
 
@@ -206,28 +212,31 @@ def test_job_metadata(job_sdk_client):
     client = job_sdk_client
 
     print_metadata_cmd = (
-        "python -c\""
+        'python -c"'
         "import ray;"
         "ray.init();"
         "job_config=ray.worker.global_worker.core_worker.get_job_config();"
         "print(dict(sorted(job_config.metadata.items())))"
-        "\"")
+        '"'
+    )
 
     job_id = client.submit_job(
-        entrypoint=print_metadata_cmd,
-        metadata={
-            "key1": "val1",
-            "key2": "val2"
-        })
+        entrypoint=print_metadata_cmd, metadata={"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}
+    )
 
     wait_for_condition(_check_job_succeeded, client=client, job_id=job_id)
 
-    assert str({
-        "job_name": job_id,
-        "job_submission_id": job_id,
-        "key1": "val1",
-        "key2": "val2"
-    }) in client.get_job_logs(job_id)
+    assert (
+        str(
+            {
+                "job_name": job_id,
+                "job_submission_id": job_id,
+                "key1": "val1",
+                "key2": "val2",
+            }
+        )
+        in client.get_job_logs(job_id)
+    )
 
 
 def test_pass_job_id(job_sdk_client):
@@ -261,19 +270,19 @@ def test_submit_optional_args(job_sdk_client):
         json_data={"entrypoint": "ls"},
     )
 
-    wait_for_condition(
-        _check_job_succeeded, client=client, job_id=r.json()["job_id"])
+    wait_for_condition(_check_job_succeeded, client=client, job_id=r.json()["job_id"])
 
 
 def test_missing_resources(job_sdk_client):
     """Check that 404s are raised for resources that don't exist."""
     client = job_sdk_client
 
-    conditions = [("GET",
-                   "/api/jobs/fake_job_id"), ("GET",
-                                              "/api/jobs/fake_job_id/logs"),
-                  ("POST", "/api/jobs/fake_job_id/stop"),
-                  ("GET", "/api/packages/fake_package_uri")]
+    conditions = [
+        ("GET", "/api/jobs/fake_job_id"),
+        ("GET", "/api/jobs/fake_job_id/logs"),
+        ("POST", "/api/jobs/fake_job_id/stop"),
+        ("GET", "/api/packages/fake_package_uri"),
+    ]
 
     for method, route in conditions:
         assert client._do_request(method, route).status_code == 404
@@ -287,7 +296,7 @@ def test_version_endpoint(job_sdk_client):
     assert r.json() == {
         "version": CURRENT_VERSION,
         "ray_version": ray.__version__,
-        "ray_commit": ray.__commit__
+        "ray_commit": ray.__commit__,
     }
 
 
@@ -306,26 +315,31 @@ def test_request_headers(job_sdk_client):
             cookies=None,
             data=None,
             json={"entrypoint": "ls"},
-            headers={
-                "Connection": "keep-alive",
-                "Authorization": "TOK:<MY_TOKEN>"
-            })
+            headers={"Connection": "keep-alive", "Authorization": "TOK:<MY_TOKEN>"},
+        )
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("address", [
-    "http://127.0.0.1", "https://127.0.0.1", "ray://127.0.0.1",
-    "fake_module://127.0.0.1"
-])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "address",
+    [
+        "http://127.0.0.1",
+        "https://127.0.0.1",
+        "ray://127.0.0.1",
+        "fake_module://127.0.0.1",
+    ],
+)
 def test_parse_cluster_info(address: str):
     if address.startswith("ray"):
         assert parse_cluster_info(address, False) == ClusterInfo(
-            address="http" + address[address.index("://"):],
+            address="http" + address[address.index("://") :],
             cookies=None,
             metadata=None,
-            headers=None)
+            headers=None,
+        )
     elif address.startswith("http") or address.startswith("https"):
         assert parse_cluster_info(address, False) == ClusterInfo(
-            address=address, cookies=None, metadata=None, headers=None)
+            address=address, cookies=None, metadata=None, headers=None
+        )
     else:
         with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
             parse_cluster_info(address, False)
@@ -347,8 +361,8 @@ for i in range(100):
             f.write(driver_script)
 
         job_id = client.submit_job(
-            entrypoint="python test_script.py",
-            runtime_env={"working_dir": tmp_dir})
+            entrypoint="python test_script.py", runtime_env={"working_dir": tmp_dir}
+        )
 
         i = 0
         async for lines in client.tail_job_logs(job_id):

dashboard/modules/job/tests/test_job_manager.py

@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ import signal
 import pytest
 
 import ray
-from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import (JobStatus, JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY,
-                                              JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY)
+from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import (
+    JobStatus,
+    JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY,
+    JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY,
+)
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.job_manager import generate_job_id, JobManager
 from ray._private.test_utils import SignalActor, wait_for_condition
 
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ def job_manager(shared_ray_instance):
 
 def _driver_script_path(file_name: str) -> str:
     return os.path.join(
-        os.path.dirname(__file__), "subprocess_driver_scripts", file_name)
+        os.path.dirname(__file__), "subprocess_driver_scripts", file_name
+    )
 
 
 def _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=None):
@@ -36,12 +40,15 @@ def _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=None):
     pid_file = os.path.join(tmp_dir, "pid")
 
     # Write subprocess pid to pid_file and block until tmp_file is present.
-    wait_for_file_cmd = (f"echo $$ > {pid_file} && "
-                         f"until [ -f {tmp_file} ]; "
-                         "do echo 'Waiting...' && sleep 1; "
-                         "done")
+    wait_for_file_cmd = (
+        f"echo $$ > {pid_file} && "
+        f"until [ -f {tmp_file} ]; "
+        "do echo 'Waiting...' && sleep 1; "
+        "done"
+    )
     job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
-        entrypoint=wait_for_file_cmd, _start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor)
+        entrypoint=wait_for_file_cmd, _start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor
+    )
 
     status = job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
     if start_signal_actor:
@@ -50,11 +57,9 @@ def _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=None):
             logs = job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
             assert logs == ""
     else:
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_running, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_running, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            lambda: "Waiting..." in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id))
+        wait_for_condition(lambda: "Waiting..." in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id))
 
     return pid_file, tmp_file, job_id
 
@@ -63,25 +68,19 @@ def check_job_succeeded(job_manager, job_id):
     status = job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
     if status.status == JobStatus.FAILED:
         raise RuntimeError(f"Job failed! {status.message}")
-    assert status.status in {
-        JobStatus.PENDING, JobStatus.RUNNING, JobStatus.SUCCEEDED
-    }
+    assert status.status in {JobStatus.PENDING, JobStatus.RUNNING, JobStatus.SUCCEEDED}
     return status.status == JobStatus.SUCCEEDED
 
 
 def check_job_failed(job_manager, job_id):
     status = job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
-    assert status.status in {
-        JobStatus.PENDING, JobStatus.RUNNING, JobStatus.FAILED
-    }
+    assert status.status in {JobStatus.PENDING, JobStatus.RUNNING, JobStatus.FAILED}
     return status.status == JobStatus.FAILED
 
 
 def check_job_stopped(job_manager, job_id):
     status = job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
-    assert status.status in {
-        JobStatus.PENDING, JobStatus.RUNNING, JobStatus.STOPPED
-    }
+    assert status.status in {JobStatus.PENDING, JobStatus.RUNNING, JobStatus.STOPPED}
     return status.status == JobStatus.STOPPED
 
 
@@ -111,12 +110,10 @@ def test_generate_job_id():
 def test_pass_job_id(job_manager):
     job_id = "my_custom_id"
 
-    returned_id = job_manager.submit_job(
-        entrypoint="echo hello", job_id=job_id)
+    returned_id = job_manager.submit_job(entrypoint="echo hello", job_id=job_id)
     assert returned_id == job_id
 
-    wait_for_condition(
-        check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+    wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
 
     # Check that the same job_id is rejected.
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
@@ -127,23 +124,20 @@ class TestShellScriptExecution:
     def test_submit_basic_echo(self, job_manager):
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(entrypoint="echo hello")
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
         assert job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id) == "hello\n"
 
     def test_submit_stderr(self, job_manager):
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(entrypoint="echo error 1>&2")
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
         assert job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id) == "error\n"
 
     def test_submit_ls_grep(self, job_manager):
         grep_cmd = f"ls {os.path.dirname(__file__)} | grep test_job_manager.py"
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(entrypoint=grep_cmd)
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
         assert job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id) == "test_job_manager.py\n"
 
     def test_subprocess_exception(self, job_manager):
@@ -161,8 +155,7 @@ class TestShellScriptExecution:
             status = job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
             if status.status != JobStatus.FAILED:
                 return False
-            if ("Exception: Script failed with exception !" not in
-                    status.message):
+            if "Exception: Script failed with exception !" not in status.message:
                 return False
 
             return job_manager._get_actor_for_job(job_id) is None
@@ -172,14 +165,13 @@ class TestShellScriptExecution:
     def test_submit_with_s3_runtime_env(self, job_manager):
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
             entrypoint="python script.py",
-            runtime_env={
-                "working_dir": "s3://runtime-env-test/script_runtime_env.zip"
-            })
+            runtime_env={"working_dir": "s3://runtime-env-test/script_runtime_env.zip"},
+        )
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
-        assert job_manager.get_job_logs(
-            job_id) == "Executing main() from script.py !!\n"
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        assert (
+            job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id) == "Executing main() from script.py !!\n"
+        )
 
 
 class TestRuntimeEnv:
@@ -193,14 +185,10 @@ class TestRuntimeEnv:
         """
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
             entrypoint="echo $TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR",
-            runtime_env={
-                "env_vars": {
-                    "TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "233"
-                }
-            })
+            runtime_env={"env_vars": {"TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "233"}},
+        )
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
         assert job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id) == "233\n"
 
     def test_multiple_runtime_envs(self, job_manager):
@@ -208,28 +196,32 @@ class TestRuntimeEnv:
         job_id_1 = job_manager.submit_job(
             entrypoint=f"python {_driver_script_path('print_runtime_env.py')}",
             runtime_env={
-                "env_vars": {
-                    "TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "JOB_1_VAR"
-                }
-            })
+                "env_vars": {"TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "JOB_1_VAR"}
+            },
+        )
 
         wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id_1)
+            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id_1
+        )
         logs = job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id_1)
-        assert "{'env_vars': {'TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR': 'JOB_1_VAR'}}" in logs  # noqa: E501
+        assert (
+            "{'env_vars': {'TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR': 'JOB_1_VAR'}}" in logs
+        )  # noqa: E501
 
         job_id_2 = job_manager.submit_job(
             entrypoint=f"python {_driver_script_path('print_runtime_env.py')}",
             runtime_env={
-                "env_vars": {
-                    "TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "JOB_2_VAR"
-                }
-            })
+                "env_vars": {"TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "JOB_2_VAR"}
+            },
+        )
 
         wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id_2)
+            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id_2
+        )
         logs = job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id_2)
-        assert "{'env_vars': {'TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR': 'JOB_2_VAR'}}" in logs  # noqa: E501
+        assert (
+            "{'env_vars': {'TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR': 'JOB_2_VAR'}}" in logs
+        )  # noqa: E501
 
     def test_env_var_and_driver_job_config_warning(self, job_manager):
         """Ensure we got error message from worker.py and job logs
@@ -238,17 +230,15 @@ class TestRuntimeEnv:
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
             entrypoint=f"python {_driver_script_path('override_env_var.py')}",
             runtime_env={
-                "env_vars": {
-                    "TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "JOB_1_VAR"
-                }
-            })
+                "env_vars": {"TEST_SUBPROCESS_JOB_CONFIG_ENV_VAR": "JOB_1_VAR"}
+            },
+        )
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
         logs = job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
         assert logs.startswith(
-            "Both RAY_JOB_CONFIG_JSON_ENV_VAR and ray.init(runtime_env) "
-            "are provided")
+            "Both RAY_JOB_CONFIG_JSON_ENV_VAR and ray.init(runtime_env) " "are provided"
+        )
         assert "JOB_1_VAR" in logs
 
     def test_failed_runtime_env_validation(self, job_manager):
@@ -257,7 +247,8 @@ class TestRuntimeEnv:
         """
         run_cmd = f"python {_driver_script_path('override_env_var.py')}"
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
-            entrypoint=run_cmd, runtime_env={"working_dir": "path_not_exist"})
+            entrypoint=run_cmd, runtime_env={"working_dir": "path_not_exist"}
+        )
 
         status = job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
         assert status.status == JobStatus.FAILED
@@ -269,11 +260,10 @@ class TestRuntimeEnv:
         """
         run_cmd = f"python {_driver_script_path('override_env_var.py')}"
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
-            entrypoint=run_cmd,
-            runtime_env={"working_dir": "s3://does_not_exist.zip"})
+            entrypoint=run_cmd, runtime_env={"working_dir": "s3://does_not_exist.zip"}
+        )
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
 
         status = job_manager.get_job_status(job_id)
         assert "runtime_env setup failed" in status.message
@@ -283,69 +273,67 @@ class TestRuntimeEnv:
             return str(dict(sorted(d.items())))
 
         print_metadata_cmd = (
-            "python -c\""
+            'python -c"'
             "import ray;"
             "ray.init();"
             "job_config=ray.worker.global_worker.core_worker.get_job_config();"
             "print(dict(sorted(job_config.metadata.items())))"
-            "\"")
+            '"'
+        )
 
         # Check that we default to only the job ID and job name.
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(entrypoint=print_metadata_cmd)
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
-        assert dict_to_str({
-            JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: job_id,
-            JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id
-        }) in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        assert dict_to_str(
+            {JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: job_id, JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id}
+        ) in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
 
         # Check that we can pass custom metadata.
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
-            entrypoint=print_metadata_cmd,
-            metadata={
-                "key1": "val1",
-                "key2": "val2"
-            })
+            entrypoint=print_metadata_cmd, metadata={"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}
+        )
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
-        assert dict_to_str({
-            JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: job_id,
-            JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id,
-            "key1": "val1",
-            "key2": "val2"
-        }) in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        assert (
+            dict_to_str(
+                {
+                    JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: job_id,
+                    JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id,
+                    "key1": "val1",
+                    "key2": "val2",
+                }
+            )
+            in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
+        )
 
         # Check that we can override job name.
         job_id = job_manager.submit_job(
             entrypoint=print_metadata_cmd,
-            metadata={JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: "custom_name"})
+            metadata={JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: "custom_name"},
+        )
 
-        wait_for_condition(
-            check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
-        assert dict_to_str({
-            JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: "custom_name",
-            JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id
-        }) in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
+        wait_for_condition(check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+        assert dict_to_str(
+            {JOB_NAME_METADATA_KEY: "custom_name", JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY: job_id}
+        ) in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id)
 
 
 class TestAsyncAPI:
     def test_status_and_logs_while_blocking(self, job_manager):
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
-            pid_file, tmp_file, job_id = _run_hanging_command(
-                job_manager, tmp_dir)
+            pid_file, tmp_file, job_id = _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir)
             with open(pid_file, "r") as file:
                 pid = int(file.read())
-                assert psutil.pid_exists(pid), (
-                    "driver subprocess should be running")
+                assert psutil.pid_exists(pid), "driver subprocess should be running"
 
             # Signal the job to exit by writing to the file.
             with open(tmp_file, "w") as f:
                 print("hello", file=f)
 
             wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+                check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id
+            )
             # Ensure driver subprocess gets cleaned up after job reached
             # termination state
             wait_for_condition(check_subprocess_cleaned, pid=pid)
@@ -356,7 +344,8 @@ class TestAsyncAPI:
 
             assert job_manager.stop_job(job_id) is True
             wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id
+            )
             # Assert re-stopping a stopped job also returns False
             wait_for_condition(lambda: job_manager.stop_job(job_id) is False)
             # Assert stopping non-existent job returns False
@@ -375,13 +364,11 @@ class TestAsyncAPI:
             pid_file, _, job_id = _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir)
             with open(pid_file, "r") as file:
                 pid = int(file.read())
-                assert psutil.pid_exists(pid), (
-                    "driver subprocess should be running")
+                assert psutil.pid_exists(pid), "driver subprocess should be running"
 
             actor = job_manager._get_actor_for_job(job_id)
             ray.kill(actor, no_restart=True)
-            wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+            wait_for_condition(check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
 
             # Ensure driver subprocess gets cleaned up after job reached
             # termination state
@@ -398,16 +385,18 @@ class TestAsyncAPI:
 
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
             pid_file, _, job_id = _run_hanging_command(
-                job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor)
+                job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor
+            )
             assert not os.path.exists(pid_file), (
-                "driver subprocess should NOT be running while job is "
-                "still PENDING.")
+                "driver subprocess should NOT be running while job is " "still PENDING."
+            )
 
             assert job_manager.stop_job(job_id) is True
             # Send run signal to unblock run function
             ray.get(start_signal_actor.send.remote())
             wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id
+            )
 
     def test_kill_job_actor_in_pending(self, job_manager):
         """
@@ -420,16 +409,16 @@ class TestAsyncAPI:
 
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
             pid_file, _, job_id = _run_hanging_command(
-                job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor)
+                job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor
+            )
 
             assert not os.path.exists(pid_file), (
-                "driver subprocess should NOT be running while job is "
-                "still PENDING.")
+                "driver subprocess should NOT be running while job is " "still PENDING."
+            )
 
             actor = job_manager._get_actor_for_job(job_id)
             ray.kill(actor, no_restart=True)
-            wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+            wait_for_condition(check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
 
     def test_stop_job_subprocess_cleanup_upon_stop(self, job_manager):
         """
@@ -442,12 +431,12 @@ class TestAsyncAPI:
             pid_file, _, job_id = _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir)
             with open(pid_file, "r") as file:
                 pid = int(file.read())
-                assert psutil.pid_exists(pid), (
-                    "driver subprocess should be running")
+                assert psutil.pid_exists(pid), "driver subprocess should be running"
 
             assert job_manager.stop_job(job_id) is True
             wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id
+            )
 
             # Ensure driver subprocess gets cleaned up after job reached
             # termination state
@@ -455,11 +444,9 @@ class TestAsyncAPI:
 
 
 class TestTailLogs:
-    async def _tail_and_assert_logs(self,
-                                    job_id,
-                                    job_manager,
-                                    expected_log="",
-                                    num_iteration=5):
+    async def _tail_and_assert_logs(
+        self, job_id, job_manager, expected_log="", num_iteration=5
+    ):
         i = 0
         async for lines in job_manager.tail_job_logs(job_id):
             assert all(s == expected_log for s in lines.strip().split("\n"))
@@ -470,8 +457,7 @@ class TestTailLogs:
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_unknown_job(self, job_manager):
-        with pytest.raises(
-                RuntimeError, match="Job 'unknown' does not exist."):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Job 'unknown' does not exist."):
             async for _ in job_manager.tail_job_logs("unknown"):
                 pass
 
@@ -482,33 +468,31 @@ class TestTailLogs:
 
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
             _, tmp_file, job_id = _run_hanging_command(
-                job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor)
+                job_manager, tmp_dir, start_signal_actor=start_signal_actor
+            )
 
             # TODO(edoakes): check we get no logs before actor starts (not sure
             # how to timeout the iterator call).
-            assert job_manager.get_job_status(
-                job_id).status == JobStatus.PENDING
+            assert job_manager.get_job_status(job_id).status == JobStatus.PENDING
 
             # Signal job to start.
             ray.get(start_signal_actor.send.remote())
 
             await self._tail_and_assert_logs(
-                job_id,
-                job_manager,
-                expected_log="Waiting...",
-                num_iteration=5)
+                job_id, job_manager, expected_log="Waiting...", num_iteration=5
+            )
 
             # Signal the job to exit by writing to the file.
             with open(tmp_file, "w") as f:
                 print("hello", file=f)
 
             async for lines in job_manager.tail_job_logs(job_id):
-                assert all(
-                    s == "Waiting..." for s in lines.strip().split("\n"))
+                assert all(s == "Waiting..." for s in lines.strip().split("\n"))
                 print(lines, end="")
 
             wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+                check_job_succeeded, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id
+            )
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_failed_job(self, job_manager):
@@ -517,22 +501,18 @@ class TestTailLogs:
             pid_file, _, job_id = _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir)
 
             await self._tail_and_assert_logs(
-                job_id,
-                job_manager,
-                expected_log="Waiting...",
-                num_iteration=5)
+                job_id, job_manager, expected_log="Waiting...", num_iteration=5
+            )
 
             # Kill the job unexpectedly.
             with open(pid_file, "r") as f:
                 os.kill(int(f.read()), signal.SIGKILL)
 
             async for lines in job_manager.tail_job_logs(job_id):
-                assert all(
-                    s == "Waiting..." for s in lines.strip().split("\n"))
+                assert all(s == "Waiting..." for s in lines.strip().split("\n"))
                 print(lines, end="")
 
-            wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+            wait_for_condition(check_job_failed, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
 
     @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_stopped_job(self, job_manager):
@@ -541,21 +521,19 @@ class TestTailLogs:
             _, _, job_id = _run_hanging_command(job_manager, tmp_dir)
 
             await self._tail_and_assert_logs(
-                job_id,
-                job_manager,
-                expected_log="Waiting...",
-                num_iteration=5)
+                job_id, job_manager, expected_log="Waiting...", num_iteration=5
+            )
 
             # Stop the job via the API.
             job_manager.stop_job(job_id)
 
             async for lines in job_manager.tail_job_logs(job_id):
-                assert all(
-                    s == "Waiting..." for s in lines.strip().split("\n"))
+                assert all(s == "Waiting..." for s in lines.strip().split("\n"))
                 print(lines, end="")
 
             wait_for_condition(
-                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id)
+                check_job_stopped, job_manager=job_manager, job_id=job_id
+            )
 
 
 def test_logs_streaming(job_manager):
@@ -568,7 +546,7 @@ while True:
     time.sleep(1)
 """
 
-    stream_logs_cmd = f"python -c \"{stream_logs_script}\""
+    stream_logs_cmd = f'python -c "{stream_logs_script}"'
 
     job_id = job_manager.submit_job(entrypoint=stream_logs_cmd)
     wait_for_condition(lambda: "STREAMED" in job_manager.get_job_logs(job_id))

dashboard/modules/job/tests/test_utils.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def tmp():
         yield f.name
 
 
-class TestIterLine():
+class TestIterLine:
     def test_invalid_type(self):
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="path must be a string"):
             next(file_tail_iterator(1))

dashboard/modules/log/log_head.py

@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ class LogHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         self._proxy_session = aiohttp.ClientSession(auto_decompress=False)
         log_utils.register_mimetypes()
         routes.static("/logs", self._dashboard_head.log_dir, show_index=True)
-        GlobalSignals.node_info_fetched.append(
-            self.insert_log_url_to_node_info)
-        GlobalSignals.node_summary_fetched.append(
-            self.insert_log_url_to_node_info)
+        GlobalSignals.node_info_fetched.append(self.insert_log_url_to_node_info)
+        GlobalSignals.node_summary_fetched.append(self.insert_log_url_to_node_info)
 
     async def insert_log_url_to_node_info(self, node_info):
         node_id = node_info.get("raylet", {}).get("nodeId")
@@ -33,7 +31,8 @@ class LogHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             return
         agent_http_port, _ = agent_port
         log_url = self.LOG_URL_TEMPLATE.format(
-            ip=node_info.get("ip"), port=agent_http_port)
+            ip=node_info.get("ip"), port=agent_http_port
+        )
         node_info["logUrl"] = log_url
 
     @routes.get("/log_index")
@@ -43,15 +42,16 @@ class LogHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         for node_id, ports in DataSource.agents.items():
             ip = DataSource.node_id_to_ip[node_id]
             agent_ips.append(ip)
-            url_list.append(
-                self.LOG_URL_TEMPLATE.format(ip=ip, port=str(ports[0])))
+            url_list.append(self.LOG_URL_TEMPLATE.format(ip=ip, port=str(ports[0])))
         if self._dashboard_head.ip not in agent_ips:
             url_list.append(
                 self.LOG_URL_TEMPLATE.format(
-                    ip=self._dashboard_head.ip,
-                    port=self._dashboard_head.http_port))
+                    ip=self._dashboard_head.ip, port=self._dashboard_head.http_port
+                )
+            )
         return aiohttp.web.Response(
-            text=self._directory_as_html(url_list), content_type="text/html")
+            text=self._directory_as_html(url_list), content_type="text/html"
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/log_proxy")
     async def get_log_from_proxy(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.StreamResponse:
@@ -60,9 +60,11 @@ class LogHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             raise Exception("url is None.")
         body = await req.read()
         async with self._proxy_session.request(
-                req.method, url, data=body, headers=req.headers) as r:
+            req.method, url, data=body, headers=req.headers
+        ) as r:
             sr = aiohttp.web.StreamResponse(
-                status=r.status, reason=r.reason, headers=req.headers)
+                status=r.status, reason=r.reason, headers=req.headers
+            )
             sr.content_length = r.content_length
             sr.content_type = r.content_type
             sr.charset = r.charset

dashboard/modules/log/tests/test_log.py

@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ def test_log(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
     test_log_text = "test_log_text"
     ray.get(write_log.remote(test_log_text))
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
     node_id = ray_start_with_dashboard["node_id"]
@@ -82,8 +81,8 @@ def test_log(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
             # Test range request.
             response = requests.get(
-                webui_url + "/logs/dashboard.log",
-                headers={"Range": "bytes=44-52"})
+                webui_url + "/logs/dashboard.log", headers={"Range": "bytes=44-52"}
+            )
             response.raise_for_status()
             assert response.text == "Dashboard"
 
@@ -100,16 +99,19 @@ def test_log(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
             last_ex = ex
         finally:
             if time.time() > start_time + timeout_seconds:
-                ex_stack = traceback.format_exception(
-                    type(last_ex), last_ex,
-                    last_ex.__traceback__) if last_ex else []
+                ex_stack = (
+                    traceback.format_exception(
+                        type(last_ex), last_ex, last_ex.__traceback__
+                    )
+                    if last_ex
+                    else []
+                )
                 ex_stack = "".join(ex_stack)
                 raise Exception(f"Timed out while testing, {ex_stack}")
 
 
 def test_log_proxy(ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
 
@@ -122,21 +124,27 @@ def test_log_proxy(ray_start_with_dashboard):
             # Test range request.
             response = requests.get(
                 f"{webui_url}/log_proxy?url={webui_url}/logs/dashboard.log",
-                headers={"Range": "bytes=44-52"})
+                headers={"Range": "bytes=44-52"},
+            )
             response.raise_for_status()
             assert response.text == "Dashboard"
             # Test 404.
-            response = requests.get(f"{webui_url}/log_proxy?"
-                                    f"url={webui_url}/logs/not_exist_file.log")
+            response = requests.get(
+                f"{webui_url}/log_proxy?" f"url={webui_url}/logs/not_exist_file.log"
+            )
             assert response.status_code == 404
             break
         except Exception as ex:
             last_ex = ex
         finally:
             if time.time() > start_time + timeout_seconds:
-                ex_stack = traceback.format_exception(
-                    type(last_ex), last_ex,
-                    last_ex.__traceback__) if last_ex else []
+                ex_stack = (
+                    traceback.format_exception(
+                        type(last_ex), last_ex, last_ex.__traceback__
+                    )
+                    if last_ex
+                    else []
+                )
                 ex_stack = "".join(ex_stack)
                 raise Exception(f"Timed out while testing, {ex_stack}")
 

dashboard/modules/node/node_head.py

@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ import ray._private.utils
 import ray._private.gcs_utils as gcs_utils
 from ray import ray_constants
 from ray.dashboard.modules.node import node_consts
-from ray.dashboard.modules.node.node_consts import (MAX_LOGS_TO_CACHE,
-                                                    LOG_PRUNE_THREASHOLD)
+from ray.dashboard.modules.node.node_consts import (
+    MAX_LOGS_TO_CACHE,
+    LOG_PRUNE_THREASHOLD,
+)
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
 import ray.dashboard.optional_utils as dashboard_optional_utils
 import ray.dashboard.consts as dashboard_consts
@@ -28,13 +30,21 @@ routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable
 
 def gcs_node_info_to_dict(message):
     return dashboard_utils.message_to_dict(
-        message, {"nodeId"}, including_default_value_fields=True)
+        message, {"nodeId"}, including_default_value_fields=True
+    )
 
 
 def node_stats_to_dict(message):
     decode_keys = {
-        "actorId", "jobId", "taskId", "parentTaskId", "sourceActorId",
-        "callerId", "rayletId", "workerId", "placementGroupId"
+        "actorId",
+        "jobId",
+        "taskId",
+        "parentTaskId",
+        "sourceActorId",
+        "callerId",
+        "rayletId",
+        "workerId",
+        "placementGroupId",
     }
     core_workers_stats = message.core_workers_stats
     message.ClearField("core_workers_stats")
@@ -42,7 +52,8 @@ def node_stats_to_dict(message):
         result = dashboard_utils.message_to_dict(message, decode_keys)
         result["coreWorkersStats"] = [
             dashboard_utils.message_to_dict(
-                m, decode_keys, including_default_value_fields=True)
+                m, decode_keys, including_default_value_fields=True
+            )
             for m in core_workers_stats
         ]
         return result
@@ -66,11 +77,13 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if change.new:
             # TODO(fyrestone): Handle exceptions.
             node_id, node_info = change.new
-            address = "{}:{}".format(node_info["nodeManagerAddress"],
-                                     int(node_info["nodeManagerPort"]))
-            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0), )
+            address = "{}:{}".format(
+                node_info["nodeManagerAddress"], int(node_info["nodeManagerPort"])
+            )
+            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0),)
             channel = ray._private.utils.init_grpc_channel(
-                address, options, asynchronous=True)
+                address, options, asynchronous=True
+            )
             stub = node_manager_pb2_grpc.NodeManagerServiceStub(channel)
             self._stubs[node_id] = stub
 
@@ -81,8 +94,7 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             A dict of information about the nodes in the cluster.
         """
         request = gcs_service_pb2.GetAllNodeInfoRequest()
-        reply = await self._gcs_node_info_stub.GetAllNodeInfo(
-            request, timeout=2)
+        reply = await self._gcs_node_info_stub.GetAllNodeInfo(request, timeout=2)
         if reply.status.code == 0:
             result = {}
             for node_info in reply.node_info_list:
@@ -116,11 +128,11 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
 
                 agents = dict(DataSource.agents)
                 for node_id in alive_node_ids:
-                    key = f"{dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_PORT_PREFIX}" \
-                          f"{node_id}"
+                    key = f"{dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_PORT_PREFIX}" f"{node_id}"
                     # TODO: Use async version if performance is an issue
                     agent_port = ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
-                        key, namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+                        key, namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD
+                    )
                     if agent_port:
                         agents[node_id] = json.loads(agent_port)
                 for node_id in agents.keys() - set(alive_node_ids):
@@ -142,9 +154,8 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if view == "summary":
             all_node_summary = await DataOrganizer.get_all_node_summary()
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-                success=True,
-                message="Node summary fetched.",
-                summary=all_node_summary)
+                success=True, message="Node summary fetched.", summary=all_node_summary
+            )
         elif view == "details":
             all_node_details = await DataOrganizer.get_all_node_details()
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
@@ -160,10 +171,12 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
                 success=True,
                 message="Node hostname list fetched.",
-                host_name_list=list(alive_hostnames))
+                host_name_list=list(alive_hostnames),
+            )
         else:
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-                success=False, message=f"Unknown view {view}")
+                success=False, message=f"Unknown view {view}"
+            )
 
     @routes.get("/nodes/{node_id}")
     @dashboard_optional_utils.aiohttp_cache
@@ -171,7 +184,8 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         node_id = req.match_info.get("node_id")
         node_info = await DataOrganizer.get_node_info(node_id)
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True, message="Node details fetched.", detail=node_info)
+            success=True, message="Node details fetched.", detail=node_info
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/memory/memory_table")
     async def get_memory_table(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -187,7 +201,8 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
             success=True,
             message="Fetched memory table",
-            memory_table=memory_table.as_dict())
+            memory_table=memory_table.as_dict(),
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/memory/set_fetch")
     async def set_fetch_memory_info(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -198,11 +213,11 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             self._collect_memory_info = False
         else:
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-                success=False,
-                message=f"Unknown argument to set_fetch {should_fetch}")
+                success=False, message=f"Unknown argument to set_fetch {should_fetch}"
+            )
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True,
-            message=f"Successfully set fetching to {should_fetch}")
+            success=True, message=f"Successfully set fetching to {should_fetch}"
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/node_logs")
     async def get_logs(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -212,7 +227,8 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if pid:
             node_logs = {str(pid): node_logs.get(pid, [])}
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True, message="Fetched logs.", logs=node_logs)
+            success=True, message="Fetched logs.", logs=node_logs
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/node_errors")
     async def get_errors(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -222,7 +238,8 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if pid:
             node_errors = {str(pid): node_errors.get(pid, [])}
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True, message="Fetched errors.", errors=node_errors)
+            success=True, message="Fetched errors.", errors=node_errors
+        )
 
     @async_loop_forever(node_consts.NODE_STATS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
     async def _update_node_stats(self):
@@ -234,8 +251,10 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             try:
                 reply = await stub.GetNodeStats(
                     node_manager_pb2.GetNodeStatsRequest(
-                        include_memory_info=self._collect_memory_info),
-                    timeout=2)
+                        include_memory_info=self._collect_memory_info
+                    ),
+                    timeout=2,
+                )
                 reply_dict = node_stats_to_dict(reply)
                 DataSource.node_stats[node_id] = reply_dict
             except Exception:
@@ -263,8 +282,7 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if self._dashboard_head.gcs_log_subscriber:
             while True:
                 try:
-                    log_batch = await \
-                        self._dashboard_head.gcs_log_subscriber.poll()
+                    log_batch = await self._dashboard_head.gcs_log_subscriber.poll()
                     if log_batch is None:
                         continue
                     process_log_batch(log_batch)
@@ -296,11 +314,13 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                 ip = match.group(2)
                 errs_for_ip = dict(DataSource.ip_and_pid_to_errors.get(ip, {}))
                 pid_errors = list(errs_for_ip.get(pid, []))
-                pid_errors.append({
-                    "message": message,
-                    "timestamp": error_data.timestamp,
-                    "type": error_data.type
-                })
+                pid_errors.append(
+                    {
+                        "message": message,
+                        "timestamp": error_data.timestamp,
+                        "type": error_data.type,
+                    }
+                )
                 errs_for_ip[pid] = pid_errors
                 DataSource.ip_and_pid_to_errors[ip] = errs_for_ip
                 logger.info(f"Received error entry for {ip} {pid}")
@@ -308,8 +328,10 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if self._dashboard_head.gcs_error_subscriber:
             while True:
                 try:
-                    _, error_data = await \
-                        self._dashboard_head.gcs_error_subscriber.poll()
+                    (
+                        _,
+                        error_data,
+                    ) = await self._dashboard_head.gcs_error_subscriber.poll()
                     if error_data is None:
                         continue
                     process_error(error_data)
@@ -328,20 +350,23 @@ class NodeHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                 try:
                     _, data = msg
                     pubsub_msg = gcs_utils.PubSubMessage.FromString(data)
-                    error_data = gcs_utils.ErrorTableData.FromString(
-                        pubsub_msg.data)
+                    error_data = gcs_utils.ErrorTableData.FromString(pubsub_msg.data)
                     process_error(error_data)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception("Error receiving error info from Redis.")
 
     async def run(self, server):
         gcs_channel = self._dashboard_head.aiogrpc_gcs_channel
-        self._gcs_node_info_stub = \
-            gcs_service_pb2_grpc.NodeInfoGcsServiceStub(gcs_channel)
+        self._gcs_node_info_stub = gcs_service_pb2_grpc.NodeInfoGcsServiceStub(
+            gcs_channel
+        )
 
-        await asyncio.gather(self._update_nodes(), self._update_node_stats(),
-                             self._update_log_info(),
-                             self._update_error_info())
+        await asyncio.gather(
+            self._update_nodes(),
+            self._update_node_stats(),
+            self._update_log_info(),
+            self._update_error_info(),
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def is_minimal_module():

dashboard/modules/node/tests/test_node.py

@@ -10,19 +10,23 @@ import ray
 import threading
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from ray.cluster_utils import Cluster
-from ray.dashboard.modules.node.node_consts import (LOG_PRUNE_THREASHOLD,
-                                                    MAX_LOGS_TO_CACHE)
+from ray.dashboard.modules.node.node_consts import (
+    LOG_PRUNE_THREASHOLD,
+    MAX_LOGS_TO_CACHE,
+)
 from ray.dashboard.tests.conftest import *  # noqa
 from ray._private.test_utils import (
-    format_web_url, wait_until_server_available, wait_for_condition,
-    wait_until_succeeded_without_exception)
+    format_web_url,
+    wait_until_server_available,
+    wait_for_condition,
+    wait_until_succeeded_without_exception,
+)
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def test_nodes_update(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
 
@@ -44,8 +48,7 @@ def test_nodes_update(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
             assert len(dump_data["agents"]) == 1
             assert len(dump_data["nodeIdToIp"]) == 1
             assert len(dump_data["nodeIdToHostname"]) == 1
-            assert dump_data["nodes"].keys() == dump_data[
-                "nodeIdToHostname"].keys()
+            assert dump_data["nodes"].keys() == dump_data["nodeIdToHostname"].keys()
 
             response = requests.get(webui_url + "/test/notified_agents")
             response.raise_for_status()
@@ -77,8 +80,7 @@ def test_node_info(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
     actor_pids = [actor.getpid.remote() for actor in actors]
     actor_pids = set(ray.get(actor_pids))
 
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
     node_id = ray_start_with_dashboard["node_id"]
@@ -134,15 +136,19 @@ def test_node_info(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
             last_ex = ex
         finally:
             if time.time() > start_time + timeout_seconds:
-                ex_stack = traceback.format_exception(
-                    type(last_ex), last_ex,
-                    last_ex.__traceback__) if last_ex else []
+                ex_stack = (
+                    traceback.format_exception(
+                        type(last_ex), last_ex, last_ex.__traceback__
+                    )
+                    if last_ex
+                    else []
+                )
                 ex_stack = "".join(ex_stack)
                 raise Exception(f"Timed out while testing, {ex_stack}")
 
 
 def test_memory_table(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]))
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
 
     @ray.remote
     class ActorWithObjs:
@@ -156,8 +162,7 @@ def test_memory_table(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
     actors = [ActorWithObjs.remote() for _ in range(2)]  # noqa
     results = ray.get([actor.get_obj.remote() for actor in actors])  # noqa
     webui_url = format_web_url(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-    resp = requests.get(
-        webui_url + "/memory/set_fetch", params={"shouldFetch": "true"})
+    resp = requests.get(webui_url + "/memory/set_fetch", params={"shouldFetch": "true"})
     resp.raise_for_status()
 
     def check_mem_table():
@@ -172,11 +177,12 @@ def test_memory_table(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
         assert summary["totalLocalRefCount"] == 3
 
     assert wait_until_succeeded_without_exception(
-        check_mem_table, (AssertionError, ), timeout_ms=10000)
+        check_mem_table, (AssertionError,), timeout_ms=10000
+    )
 
 
 def test_get_all_node_details(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]))
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
 
     webui_url = format_web_url(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
 
@@ -220,21 +226,25 @@ def test_get_all_node_details(disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_with_dashboard):
             last_ex = ex
         finally:
             if time.time() > start_time + timeout_seconds:
-                ex_stack = traceback.format_exception(
-                    type(last_ex), last_ex,
-                    last_ex.__traceback__) if last_ex else []
+                ex_stack = (
+                    traceback.format_exception(
+                        type(last_ex), last_ex, last_ex.__traceback__
+                    )
+                    if last_ex
+                    else []
+                )
                 ex_stack = "".join(ex_stack)
                 raise Exception(f"Timed out while testing, {ex_stack}")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{
-        "include_dashboard": True
-    }], indirect=True)
-def test_multi_nodes_info(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                          ray_start_cluster_head):
+    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{"include_dashboard": True}], indirect=True
+)
+def test_multi_nodes_info(
+    enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_cluster_head
+):
     cluster: Cluster = ray_start_cluster_head
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True
     webui_url = cluster.webui_url
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
     cluster.add_node()
@@ -269,13 +279,13 @@ def test_multi_nodes_info(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{
-        "include_dashboard": True
-    }], indirect=True)
-def test_multi_node_churn(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                          ray_start_cluster_head):
+    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{"include_dashboard": True}], indirect=True
+)
+def test_multi_node_churn(
+    enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_cluster_head
+):
     cluster: Cluster = ray_start_cluster_head
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True
     webui_url = format_web_url(cluster.webui_url)
 
     def cluster_chaos_monkey():
@@ -315,13 +325,11 @@ def test_multi_node_churn(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{
-        "include_dashboard": True
-    }], indirect=True)
-def test_logs(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-              ray_start_cluster_head):
+    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{"include_dashboard": True}], indirect=True
+)
+def test_logs(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_cluster_head):
     cluster = ray_start_cluster_head
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True
     webui_url = cluster.webui_url
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
     nodes = ray.nodes()
@@ -348,21 +356,18 @@ def test_logs(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
 
     def check_logs():
         node_logs_response = requests.get(
-            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip})
+            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip}
+        )
         node_logs_response.raise_for_status()
         node_logs = node_logs_response.json()
         assert node_logs["result"]
         assert type(node_logs["data"]["logs"]) is dict
-        assert all(
-            pid in node_logs["data"]["logs"] for pid in (la_pid, la2_pid))
+        assert all(pid in node_logs["data"]["logs"] for pid in (la_pid, la2_pid))
         assert len(node_logs["data"]["logs"][la2_pid]) == 1
 
         actor_one_logs_response = requests.get(
-            f"{webui_url}/node_logs",
-            params={
-                "ip": node_ip,
-                "pid": str(la_pid)
-            })
+            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip, "pid": str(la_pid)}
+        )
         actor_one_logs_response.raise_for_status()
         actor_one_logs = actor_one_logs_response.json()
         assert actor_one_logs["result"]
@@ -370,19 +375,19 @@ def test_logs(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
         assert len(actor_one_logs["data"]["logs"][la_pid]) == 4
 
     assert wait_until_succeeded_without_exception(
-        check_logs, (AssertionError, ), timeout_ms=1000)
+        check_logs, (AssertionError,), timeout_ms=1000
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{
-        "include_dashboard": True
-    }], indirect=True)
-def test_logs_clean_up(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                       ray_start_cluster_head):
-    """Check if logs from the dead pids are GC'ed.
-    """
+    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{"include_dashboard": True}], indirect=True
+)
+def test_logs_clean_up(
+    enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_cluster_head
+):
+    """Check if logs from the dead pids are GC'ed."""
     cluster = ray_start_cluster_head
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True
     webui_url = cluster.webui_url
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
     nodes = ray.nodes()
@@ -406,38 +411,41 @@ def test_logs_clean_up(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
 
     def check_logs():
         node_logs_response = requests.get(
-            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip})
+            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip}
+        )
         node_logs_response.raise_for_status()
         node_logs = node_logs_response.json()
         assert node_logs["result"]
         assert la_pid in node_logs["data"]["logs"]
 
     assert wait_until_succeeded_without_exception(
-        check_logs, (AssertionError, ), timeout_ms=1000)
+        check_logs, (AssertionError,), timeout_ms=1000
+    )
     ray.kill(la)
 
     def check_logs_not_exist():
         node_logs_response = requests.get(
-            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip})
+            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip}
+        )
         node_logs_response.raise_for_status()
         node_logs = node_logs_response.json()
         assert node_logs["result"]
         assert la_pid not in node_logs["data"]["logs"]
 
     assert wait_until_succeeded_without_exception(
-        check_logs_not_exist, (AssertionError, ), timeout_ms=10000)
+        check_logs_not_exist, (AssertionError,), timeout_ms=10000
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{
-        "include_dashboard": True
-    }], indirect=True)
-def test_logs_max_count(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                        ray_start_cluster_head):
-    """Test that each Ray worker cannot cache more than 1000 logs at a time.
-    """
+    "ray_start_cluster_head", [{"include_dashboard": True}], indirect=True
+)
+def test_logs_max_count(
+    enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache, ray_start_cluster_head
+):
+    """Test that each Ray worker cannot cache more than 1000 logs at a time."""
     cluster = ray_start_cluster_head
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(cluster.webui_url) is True
     webui_url = cluster.webui_url
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
     nodes = ray.nodes()
@@ -461,7 +469,8 @@ def test_logs_max_count(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
 
     def check_logs():
         node_logs_response = requests.get(
-            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip})
+            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip}
+        )
         node_logs_response.raise_for_status()
         node_logs = node_logs_response.json()
         assert node_logs["result"]
@@ -472,11 +481,8 @@ def test_logs_max_count(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
         assert log_lengths <= MAX_LOGS_TO_CACHE * LOG_PRUNE_THREASHOLD
 
         actor_one_logs_response = requests.get(
-            f"{webui_url}/node_logs",
-            params={
-                "ip": node_ip,
-                "pid": str(la_pid)
-            })
+            f"{webui_url}/node_logs", params={"ip": node_ip, "pid": str(la_pid)}
+        )
         actor_one_logs_response.raise_for_status()
         actor_one_logs = actor_one_logs_response.json()
         assert actor_one_logs["result"]
@@ -486,7 +492,8 @@ def test_logs_max_count(enable_test_module, disable_aiohttp_cache,
         assert log_lengths <= MAX_LOGS_TO_CACHE * LOG_PRUNE_THREASHOLD
 
     assert wait_until_succeeded_without_exception(
-        check_logs, (AssertionError, ), timeout_ms=10000)
+        check_logs, (AssertionError,), timeout_ms=10000
+    )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

dashboard/modules/reporter/reporter_agent.py

@@ -39,10 +39,12 @@ try:
 except (ModuleNotFoundError, ImportError):
     gpustat = None
     if log_once("gpustat_import_warning"):
-        warnings.warn("`gpustat` package is not installed. GPU monitoring is "
-                      "not available. To have full functionality of the "
-                      "dashboard please install `pip install ray["
-                      "default]`.)")
+        warnings.warn(
+            "`gpustat` package is not installed. GPU monitoring is "
+            "not available. To have full functionality of the "
+            "dashboard please install `pip install ray["
+            "default]`.)"
+        )
 
 
 def recursive_asdict(o):
@@ -68,68 +70,81 @@ def jsonify_asdict(o) -> str:
 
 # A list of gauges to record and export metrics.
 METRICS_GAUGES = {
-    "node_cpu_utilization": Gauge("node_cpu_utilization",
-                                  "Total CPU usage on a ray node",
-                                  "percentage", ["ip"]),
-    "node_cpu_count": Gauge("node_cpu_count",
-                            "Total CPUs available on a ray node", "cores",
-                            ["ip"]),
-    "node_mem_used": Gauge("node_mem_used", "Memory usage on a ray node",
-                           "bytes", ["ip"]),
-    "node_mem_available": Gauge("node_mem_available",
-                                "Memory available on a ray node", "bytes",
-                                ["ip"]),
-    "node_mem_total": Gauge("node_mem_total", "Total memory on a ray node",
-                            "bytes", ["ip"]),
-    "node_gpus_available": Gauge("node_gpus_available",
-                                 "Total GPUs available on a ray node",
-                                 "percentage", ["ip"]),
-    "node_gpus_utilization": Gauge("node_gpus_utilization",
-                                   "Total GPUs usage on a ray node",
-                                   "percentage", ["ip"]),
-    "node_gram_used": Gauge("node_gram_used",
-                            "Total GPU RAM usage on a ray node", "bytes",
-                            ["ip"]),
-    "node_gram_available": Gauge("node_gram_available",
-                                 "Total GPU RAM available on a ray node",
-                                 "bytes", ["ip"]),
-    "node_disk_usage": Gauge("node_disk_usage",
-                             "Total disk usage (bytes) on a ray node", "bytes",
-                             ["ip"]),
-    "node_disk_free": Gauge("node_disk_free",
-                            "Total disk free (bytes) on a ray node", "bytes",
-                            ["ip"]),
+    "node_cpu_utilization": Gauge(
+        "node_cpu_utilization", "Total CPU usage on a ray node", "percentage", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_cpu_count": Gauge(
+        "node_cpu_count", "Total CPUs available on a ray node", "cores", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_mem_used": Gauge(
+        "node_mem_used", "Memory usage on a ray node", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_mem_available": Gauge(
+        "node_mem_available", "Memory available on a ray node", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_mem_total": Gauge(
+        "node_mem_total", "Total memory on a ray node", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_gpus_available": Gauge(
+        "node_gpus_available",
+        "Total GPUs available on a ray node",
+        "percentage",
+        ["ip"],
+    ),
+    "node_gpus_utilization": Gauge(
+        "node_gpus_utilization", "Total GPUs usage on a ray node", "percentage", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_gram_used": Gauge(
+        "node_gram_used", "Total GPU RAM usage on a ray node", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_gram_available": Gauge(
+        "node_gram_available", "Total GPU RAM available on a ray node", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_disk_usage": Gauge(
+        "node_disk_usage", "Total disk usage (bytes) on a ray node", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_disk_free": Gauge(
+        "node_disk_free", "Total disk free (bytes) on a ray node", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
     "node_disk_utilization_percentage": Gauge(
         "node_disk_utilization_percentage",
-        "Total disk utilization (percentage) on a ray node", "percentage",
-        ["ip"]),
-    "node_network_sent": Gauge("node_network_sent", "Total network sent",
-                               "bytes", ["ip"]),
-    "node_network_received": Gauge("node_network_received",
-                                   "Total network received", "bytes", ["ip"]),
+        "Total disk utilization (percentage) on a ray node",
+        "percentage",
+        ["ip"],
+    ),
+    "node_network_sent": Gauge(
+        "node_network_sent", "Total network sent", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_network_received": Gauge(
+        "node_network_received", "Total network received", "bytes", ["ip"]
+    ),
     "node_network_send_speed": Gauge(
-        "node_network_send_speed", "Network send speed", "bytes/sec", ["ip"]),
-    "node_network_receive_speed": Gauge("node_network_receive_speed",
-                                        "Network receive speed", "bytes/sec",
-                                        ["ip"]),
-    "raylet_cpu": Gauge("raylet_cpu", "CPU usage of the raylet on a node.",
-                        "percentage", ["ip", "pid"]),
-    "raylet_mem": Gauge("raylet_mem", "Memory usage of the raylet on a node",
-                        "mb", ["ip", "pid"]),
-    "cluster_active_nodes": Gauge("cluster_active_nodes",
-                                  "Active nodes on the cluster", "count",
-                                  ["node_type"]),
-    "cluster_failed_nodes": Gauge("cluster_failed_nodes",
-                                  "Failed nodes on the cluster", "count",
-                                  ["node_type"]),
-    "cluster_pending_nodes": Gauge("cluster_pending_nodes",
-                                   "Pending nodes on the cluster", "count",
-                                   ["node_type"]),
+        "node_network_send_speed", "Network send speed", "bytes/sec", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "node_network_receive_speed": Gauge(
+        "node_network_receive_speed", "Network receive speed", "bytes/sec", ["ip"]
+    ),
+    "raylet_cpu": Gauge(
+        "raylet_cpu", "CPU usage of the raylet on a node.", "percentage", ["ip", "pid"]
+    ),
+    "raylet_mem": Gauge(
+        "raylet_mem", "Memory usage of the raylet on a node", "mb", ["ip", "pid"]
+    ),
+    "cluster_active_nodes": Gauge(
+        "cluster_active_nodes", "Active nodes on the cluster", "count", ["node_type"]
+    ),
+    "cluster_failed_nodes": Gauge(
+        "cluster_failed_nodes", "Failed nodes on the cluster", "count", ["node_type"]
+    ),
+    "cluster_pending_nodes": Gauge(
+        "cluster_pending_nodes", "Pending nodes on the cluster", "count", ["node_type"]
+    ),
 }
 
 
-class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
-                    reporter_pb2_grpc.ReporterServiceServicer):
+class ReporterAgent(
+    dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule, reporter_pb2_grpc.ReporterServiceServicer
+):
     """A monitor process for monitoring Ray nodes.
 
     Attributes:
@@ -145,37 +160,39 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             cpu_count = ray._private.utils.get_num_cpus()
             self._cpu_counts = (cpu_count, cpu_count)
         else:
-            self._cpu_counts = (psutil.cpu_count(),
-                                psutil.cpu_count(logical=False))
+            self._cpu_counts = (psutil.cpu_count(), psutil.cpu_count(logical=False))
 
         self._ip = dashboard_agent.ip
         if not use_gcs_for_bootstrap():
             self._redis_address, _ = dashboard_agent.redis_address
-            self._is_head_node = (self._ip == self._redis_address)
+            self._is_head_node = self._ip == self._redis_address
         else:
-            self._is_head_node = (
-                self._ip == dashboard_agent.gcs_address.split(":")[0])
+            self._is_head_node = self._ip == dashboard_agent.gcs_address.split(":")[0]
         self._hostname = socket.gethostname()
         self._workers = set()
         self._network_stats_hist = [(0, (0.0, 0.0))]  # time, (sent, recv)
         self._metrics_agent = MetricsAgent(
             "127.0.0.1" if self._ip == "127.0.0.1" else "",
-            dashboard_agent.metrics_export_port)
-        self._key = f"{reporter_consts.REPORTER_PREFIX}" \
-                    f"{self._dashboard_agent.node_id}"
+            dashboard_agent.metrics_export_port,
+        )
+        self._key = (
+            f"{reporter_consts.REPORTER_PREFIX}" f"{self._dashboard_agent.node_id}"
+        )
 
     async def GetProfilingStats(self, request, context):
         pid = request.pid
         duration = request.duration
         profiling_file_path = os.path.join(
-            ray._private.utils.get_ray_temp_dir(), f"{pid}_profiling.txt")
+            ray._private.utils.get_ray_temp_dir(), f"{pid}_profiling.txt"
+        )
         sudo = "sudo" if ray._private.utils.get_user() != "root" else ""
         process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
             f"{sudo} $(which py-spy) record "
             f"-o {profiling_file_path} -p {pid} -d {duration} -f speedscope",
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
             stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-            shell=True)
+            shell=True,
+        )
         stdout, stderr = await process.communicate()
         if process.returncode != 0:
             profiling_stats = ""
@@ -183,14 +200,14 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             with open(profiling_file_path, "r") as f:
                 profiling_stats = f.read()
         return reporter_pb2.GetProfilingStatsReply(
-            profiling_stats=profiling_stats, std_out=stdout, std_err=stderr)
+            profiling_stats=profiling_stats, std_out=stdout, std_err=stderr
+        )
 
     async def ReportOCMetrics(self, request, context):
         # This function receives a GRPC containing OpenCensus (OC) metrics
         # from a Ray process, then exposes those metrics to Prometheus.
         try:
-            self._metrics_agent.record_metric_points_from_protobuf(
-                request.metrics)
+            self._metrics_agent.record_metric_points_from_protobuf(request.metrics)
         except Exception:
             logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
         return reporter_pb2.ReportOCMetricsReply()
@@ -227,10 +244,7 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
         for gpu in gpus:
             # Note the keys in this dict have periods which throws
             # off javascript so we change .s to _s
-            gpu_data = {
-                "_".join(key.split(".")): val
-                for key, val in gpu.entry.items()
-            }
+            gpu_data = {"_".join(key.split(".")): val for key, val in gpu.entry.items()}
             gpu_utilizations.append(gpu_data)
         return gpu_utilizations
 
@@ -245,8 +259,7 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
     @staticmethod
     def _get_network_stats():
         ifaces = [
-            v for k, v in psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True).items()
-            if k[0] == "e"
+            v for k, v in psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True).items() if k[0] == "e"
         ]
 
         sent = sum((iface.bytes_sent for iface in ifaces))
@@ -266,8 +279,7 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
         if IN_KUBERNETES_POD:
             # If in a K8s pod, disable disk display by passing in dummy values.
             return {
-                "/": psutil._common.sdiskusage(
-                    total=1, used=0, free=1, percent=0.0)
+                "/": psutil._common.sdiskusage(total=1, used=0, free=1, percent=0.0)
             }
         root = os.environ["USERPROFILE"] if sys.platform == "win32" else os.sep
         tmp = ray._private.utils.get_user_temp_dir()
@@ -286,14 +298,18 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             self._workers.update(workers)
             self._workers.discard(psutil.Process())
             return [
-                w.as_dict(attrs=[
-                    "pid",
-                    "create_time",
-                    "cpu_percent",
-                    "cpu_times",
-                    "cmdline",
-                    "memory_info",
-                ]) for w in self._workers if w.status() != psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE
+                w.as_dict(
+                    attrs=[
+                        "pid",
+                        "create_time",
+                        "cpu_percent",
+                        "cpu_times",
+                        "cmdline",
+                        "memory_info",
+                    ]
+                )
+                for w in self._workers
+                if w.status() != psutil.STATUS_ZOMBIE
             ]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -318,14 +334,16 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
         if raylet_proc is None:
             return {}
         else:
-            return raylet_proc.as_dict(attrs=[
-                "pid",
-                "create_time",
-                "cpu_percent",
-                "cpu_times",
-                "cmdline",
-                "memory_info",
-            ])
+            return raylet_proc.as_dict(
+                attrs=[
+                    "pid",
+                    "create_time",
+                    "cpu_percent",
+                    "cpu_times",
+                    "cmdline",
+                    "memory_info",
+                ]
+            )
 
     def _get_load_avg(self):
         if sys.platform == "win32":
@@ -345,8 +363,10 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
         then, prev_network_stats = self._network_stats_hist[0]
         prev_send, prev_recv = prev_network_stats
         now_send, now_recv = network_stats
-        network_speed_stats = ((now_send - prev_send) / (now - then),
-                               (now_recv - prev_recv) / (now - then))
+        network_speed_stats = (
+            (now_send - prev_send) / (now - then),
+            (now_recv - prev_recv) / (now - then),
+        )
         return {
             "now": now,
             "hostname": self._hostname,
@@ -379,7 +399,9 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
                     Record(
                         gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["cluster_active_nodes"],
                         value=active_node_count,
-                        tags={"node_type": node_type}))
+                        tags={"node_type": node_type},
+                    )
+                )
 
             failed_nodes = cluster_stats["autoscaler_report"]["failed_nodes"]
             failed_nodes_dict = {}
@@ -394,7 +416,9 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
                     Record(
                         gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["cluster_failed_nodes"],
                         value=failed_node_count,
-                        tags={"node_type": node_type}))
+                        tags={"node_type": node_type},
+                    )
+                )
 
             pending_nodes = cluster_stats["autoscaler_report"]["pending_nodes"]
             pending_nodes_dict = {}
@@ -409,35 +433,36 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
                     Record(
                         gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["cluster_pending_nodes"],
                         value=pending_node_count,
-                        tags={"node_type": node_type}))
+                        tags={"node_type": node_type},
+                    )
+                )
 
         # -- CPU per node --
         cpu_usage = float(stats["cpu"])
         cpu_record = Record(
             gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_cpu_utilization"],
             value=cpu_usage,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            tags={"ip": ip},
+        )
 
         cpu_count, _ = stats["cpus"]
         cpu_count_record = Record(
-            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_cpu_count"],
-            value=cpu_count,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_cpu_count"], value=cpu_count, tags={"ip": ip}
+        )
 
         # -- Mem per node --
         mem_total, mem_available, _, mem_used = stats["mem"]
         mem_used_record = Record(
-            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_mem_used"],
-            value=mem_used,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_mem_used"], value=mem_used, tags={"ip": ip}
+        )
         mem_available_record = Record(
             gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_mem_available"],
             value=mem_available,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            tags={"ip": ip},
+        )
         mem_total_record = Record(
-            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_mem_total"],
-            value=mem_total,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_mem_total"], value=mem_total, tags={"ip": ip}
+        )
 
         # -- GPU per node --
         gpus = stats["gpus"]
@@ -455,23 +480,29 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             gpus_available_record = Record(
                 gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_gpus_available"],
                 value=gpus_available,
-                tags={"ip": ip})
+                tags={"ip": ip},
+            )
             gpus_utilization_record = Record(
                 gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_gpus_utilization"],
                 value=gpus_utilization,
-                tags={"ip": ip})
+                tags={"ip": ip},
+            )
             gram_used_record = Record(
-                gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_gram_used"],
-                value=gram_used,
-                tags={"ip": ip})
+                gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_gram_used"], value=gram_used, tags={"ip": ip}
+            )
             gram_available_record = Record(
                 gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_gram_available"],
                 value=gram_available,
-                tags={"ip": ip})
-            records_reported.extend([
-                gpus_available_record, gpus_utilization_record,
-                gram_used_record, gram_available_record
-            ])
+                tags={"ip": ip},
+            )
+            records_reported.extend(
+                [
+                    gpus_available_record,
+                    gpus_utilization_record,
+                    gram_used_record,
+                    gram_available_record,
+                ]
+            )
 
         # -- Disk per node --
         used, free = 0, 0
@@ -480,39 +511,42 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             free += entry.free
         disk_utilization = float(used / (used + free)) * 100
         disk_usage_record = Record(
-            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_disk_usage"],
-            value=used,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_disk_usage"], value=used, tags={"ip": ip}
+        )
         disk_free_record = Record(
-            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_disk_free"],
-            value=free,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_disk_free"], value=free, tags={"ip": ip}
+        )
         disk_utilization_percentage_record = Record(
             gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_disk_utilization_percentage"],
             value=disk_utilization,
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            tags={"ip": ip},
+        )
 
         # -- Network speed (send/receive) stats per node --
         network_stats = stats["network"]
         network_sent_record = Record(
             gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_network_sent"],
             value=network_stats[0],
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            tags={"ip": ip},
+        )
         network_received_record = Record(
             gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_network_received"],
             value=network_stats[1],
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            tags={"ip": ip},
+        )
 
         # -- Network speed (send/receive) per node --
         network_speed_stats = stats["network_speed"]
         network_send_speed_record = Record(
             gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_network_send_speed"],
             value=network_speed_stats[0],
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            tags={"ip": ip},
+        )
         network_receive_speed_record = Record(
             gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["node_network_receive_speed"],
             value=network_speed_stats[1],
-            tags={"ip": ip})
+            tags={"ip": ip},
+        )
 
         raylet_stats = stats["raylet"]
         if raylet_stats:
@@ -522,29 +556,34 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             raylet_cpu_record = Record(
                 gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["raylet_cpu"],
                 value=raylet_cpu_usage,
-                tags={
-                    "ip": ip,
-                    "pid": raylet_pid
-                })
+                tags={"ip": ip, "pid": raylet_pid},
+            )
 
             # -- raylet mem --
             raylet_mem_usage = float(raylet_stats["memory_info"].rss) / 1e6
             raylet_mem_record = Record(
                 gauge=METRICS_GAUGES["raylet_mem"],
                 value=raylet_mem_usage,
-                tags={
-                    "ip": ip,
-                    "pid": raylet_pid
-                })
+                tags={"ip": ip, "pid": raylet_pid},
+            )
             records_reported.extend([raylet_cpu_record, raylet_mem_record])
 
-        records_reported.extend([
-            cpu_record, cpu_count_record, mem_used_record,
-            mem_available_record, mem_total_record, disk_usage_record,
-            disk_free_record, disk_utilization_percentage_record,
-            network_sent_record, network_received_record,
-            network_send_speed_record, network_receive_speed_record
-        ])
+        records_reported.extend(
+            [
+                cpu_record,
+                cpu_count_record,
+                mem_used_record,
+                mem_available_record,
+                mem_total_record,
+                disk_usage_record,
+                disk_free_record,
+                disk_utilization_percentage_record,
+                network_sent_record,
+                network_received_record,
+                network_send_speed_record,
+                network_receive_speed_record,
+            ]
+        )
         return records_reported
 
     async def _perform_iteration(self, publish):
@@ -552,9 +591,13 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
         while True:
             try:
                 formatted_status_string = internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
-                    DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS)
-                cluster_stats = json.loads(formatted_status_string.decode(
-                )) if formatted_status_string else {}
+                    DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS
+                )
+                cluster_stats = (
+                    json.loads(formatted_status_string.decode())
+                    if formatted_status_string
+                    else {}
+                )
 
                 stats = self._get_all_stats()
                 records_reported = self._record_stats(stats, cluster_stats)
@@ -563,8 +606,7 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
 
             except Exception:
                 logger.exception("Error publishing node physical stats.")
-            await asyncio.sleep(
-                reporter_consts.REPORTER_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS / 1000)
+            await asyncio.sleep(reporter_consts.REPORTER_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS / 1000)
 
     async def run(self, server):
         reporter_pb2_grpc.add_ReporterServiceServicer_to_server(self, server)
@@ -573,17 +615,20 @@ class ReporterAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             if gcs_addr is None:
                 aioredis_client = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
                     address=self._dashboard_agent.redis_address,
-                    password=self._dashboard_agent.redis_password)
+                    password=self._dashboard_agent.redis_password,
+                )
                 gcs_addr = await aioredis_client.get("GcsServerAddress")
                 gcs_addr = gcs_addr.decode()
             publisher = GcsAioPublisher(address=gcs_addr)
 
             async def publish(key: str, data: str):
                 await publisher.publish_resource_usage(key, data)
+
         else:
             aioredis_client = await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
                 address=self._dashboard_agent.redis_address,
-                password=self._dashboard_agent.redis_password)
+                password=self._dashboard_agent.redis_password,
+            )
 
             async def publish(key: str, data: str):
                 await aioredis_client.publish(key, data)

dashboard/modules/reporter/reporter_consts.py

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ import ray.ray_constants as ray_constants
 REPORTER_PREFIX = "RAY_REPORTER:"
 # The reporter will report its statistics this often (milliseconds).
 REPORTER_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS = ray_constants.env_integer(
-    "REPORTER_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS", 2500)
+    "REPORTER_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS", 2500
+)

dashboard/modules/reporter/reporter_head.py

@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ import ray
 import ray.dashboard.modules.reporter.reporter_consts as reporter_consts
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
 import ray.dashboard.optional_utils as dashboard_optional_utils
-from ray._private.gcs_pubsub import gcs_pubsub_enabled, \
-    GcsAioResourceUsageSubscriber
+from ray._private.gcs_pubsub import gcs_pubsub_enabled, GcsAioResourceUsageSubscriber
 import ray._private.services
 import ray._private.utils
-from ray.ray_constants import (DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS,
-                               DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY,
-                               DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_ERROR)
+from ray.ray_constants import (
+    DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS,
+    DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY,
+    DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_ERROR,
+)
 from ray.core.generated import reporter_pb2
 from ray.core.generated import reporter_pb2_grpc
 import ray.experimental.internal_kv as internal_kv
@@ -40,9 +41,10 @@ class ReportHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if change.new:
             node_id, ports = change.new
             ip = DataSource.node_id_to_ip[node_id]
-            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0), )
+            options = (("grpc.enable_http_proxy", 0),)
             channel = ray._private.utils.init_grpc_channel(
-                f"{ip}:{ports[1]}", options=options, asynchronous=True)
+                f"{ip}:{ports[1]}", options=options, asynchronous=True
+            )
             stub = reporter_pb2_grpc.ReporterServiceStub(channel)
             self._stubs[ip] = stub
 
@@ -53,13 +55,16 @@ class ReportHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         duration = int(req.query["duration"])
         reporter_stub = self._stubs[ip]
         reply = await reporter_stub.GetProfilingStats(
-            reporter_pb2.GetProfilingStatsRequest(pid=pid, duration=duration))
-        profiling_info = (json.loads(reply.profiling_stats)
-                          if reply.profiling_stats else reply.std_out)
+            reporter_pb2.GetProfilingStatsRequest(pid=pid, duration=duration)
+        )
+        profiling_info = (
+            json.loads(reply.profiling_stats)
+            if reply.profiling_stats
+            else reply.std_out
+        )
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True,
-            message="Profiling success.",
-            profiling_info=profiling_info)
+            success=True, message="Profiling success.", profiling_info=profiling_info
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/api/ray_config")
     async def get_ray_config(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -75,12 +80,12 @@ class ReportHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                 )
             except FileNotFoundError:
                 return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-                    success=False,
-                    message="Invalid config, could not load YAML.")
+                    success=False, message="Invalid config, could not load YAML."
+                )
 
             payload = {
                 "min_workers": cfg.get("min_workers", "unspecified"),
-                "max_workers": cfg.get("max_workers", "unspecified")
+                "max_workers": cfg.get("max_workers", "unspecified"),
             }
 
             try:
@@ -115,18 +120,18 @@ class ReportHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         """
 
         assert ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_initialized()
-        legacy_status = internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
-            DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY)
-        formatted_status_string = internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
-            DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS)
-        formatted_status = json.loads(formatted_status_string.decode()
-                                      ) if formatted_status_string else {}
+        legacy_status = internal_kv._internal_kv_get(DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY)
+        formatted_status_string = internal_kv._internal_kv_get(DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS)
+        formatted_status = (
+            json.loads(formatted_status_string.decode())
+            if formatted_status_string
+            else {}
+        )
         error = internal_kv._internal_kv_get(DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_ERROR)
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
             success=True,
             message="Got cluster status.",
-            autoscaling_status=legacy_status.decode()
-            if legacy_status else None,
+            autoscaling_status=legacy_status.decode() if legacy_status else None,
             autoscaling_error=error.decode() if error else None,
             cluster_status=formatted_status if formatted_status else None,
         )
@@ -148,8 +153,9 @@ class ReportHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                     node_id = key.split(":")[-1]
                     DataSource.node_physical_stats[node_id] = data
                 except Exception:
-                    logger.exception("Error receiving node physical stats "
-                                     "from reporter agent.")
+                    logger.exception(
+                        "Error receiving node physical stats " "from reporter agent."
+                    )
         else:
             receiver = Receiver()
             aioredis_client = self._dashboard_head.aioredis_client
@@ -165,8 +171,9 @@ class ReportHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                     node_id = key.split(":")[-1]
                     DataSource.node_physical_stats[node_id] = data
                 except Exception:
-                    logger.exception("Error receiving node physical stats "
-                                     "from reporter agent.")
+                    logger.exception(
+                        "Error receiving node physical stats " "from reporter agent."
+                    )
 
     @staticmethod
     def is_minimal_module():

dashboard/modules/reporter/tests/test_reporter.py

@@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ from ray import ray_constants
 from ray.dashboard.tests.conftest import *  # noqa
 from ray.dashboard.utils import Bunch
 from ray.dashboard.modules.reporter.reporter_agent import ReporterAgent
-from ray._private.test_utils import (format_web_url, RayTestTimeoutException,
-                                     wait_until_server_available,
-                                     wait_for_condition, fetch_prometheus)
+from ray._private.test_utils import (
+    format_web_url,
+    RayTestTimeoutException,
+    wait_until_server_available,
+    wait_for_condition,
+    fetch_prometheus,
+)
 
 try:
     import prometheus_client
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ def test_profiling(shutdown_only):
     actor_pid = ray.get(c.getpid.remote())
 
     webui_url = addresses["webui_url"]
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(webui_url) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(webui_url) is True
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
 
     start_time = time.time()
@@ -44,14 +48,16 @@ def test_profiling(shutdown_only):
         if time.time() - start_time > 15:
             raise RayTestTimeoutException(
                 "Timed out while collecting profiling stats, "
-                f"launch_profiling: {launch_profiling}")
+                f"launch_profiling: {launch_profiling}"
+            )
         launch_profiling = requests.get(
             webui_url + "/api/launch_profiling",
             params={
                 "ip": ray.nodes()[0]["NodeManagerAddress"],
                 "pid": actor_pid,
-                "duration": 5
-            }).json()
+                "duration": 5,
+            },
+        ).json()
         if launch_profiling["result"]:
             profiling_info = launch_profiling["data"]["profilingInfo"]
             break
@@ -72,13 +78,12 @@ def test_node_physical_stats(enable_test_module, shutdown_only):
     actor_pids = set(actor_pids)
 
     webui_url = addresses["webui_url"]
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(webui_url) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(webui_url) is True
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
 
     def _check_workers():
         try:
-            resp = requests.get(webui_url +
-                                "/test/dump?key=node_physical_stats")
+            resp = requests.get(webui_url + "/test/dump?key=node_physical_stats")
             resp.raise_for_status()
             result = resp.json()
             assert result["result"] is True
@@ -101,8 +106,7 @@ def test_node_physical_stats(enable_test_module, shutdown_only):
     wait_for_condition(_check_workers, timeout=10)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    prometheus_client is None, reason="prometheus_client not installed")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(prometheus_client is None, reason="prometheus_client not installed")
 def test_prometheus_physical_stats_record(enable_test_module, shutdown_only):
     addresses = ray.init(include_dashboard=True, num_cpus=1)
     metrics_export_port = addresses["metrics_export_port"]
@@ -110,29 +114,31 @@ def test_prometheus_physical_stats_record(enable_test_module, shutdown_only):
     prom_addresses = [f"{addr}:{metrics_export_port}"]
 
     def test_case_stats_exist():
-        components_dict, metric_names, metric_samples = fetch_prometheus(
-            prom_addresses)
-        return all([
-            "ray_node_cpu_utilization" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_cpu_count" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_mem_used" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_mem_available" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_mem_total" in metric_names,
-            "ray_raylet_cpu" in metric_names, "ray_raylet_mem" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_disk_usage" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_disk_free" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_disk_utilization_percentage" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_network_sent" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_network_received" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_network_send_speed" in metric_names,
-            "ray_node_network_receive_speed" in metric_names
-        ])
+        components_dict, metric_names, metric_samples = fetch_prometheus(prom_addresses)
+        return all(
+            [
+                "ray_node_cpu_utilization" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_cpu_count" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_mem_used" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_mem_available" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_mem_total" in metric_names,
+                "ray_raylet_cpu" in metric_names,
+                "ray_raylet_mem" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_disk_usage" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_disk_free" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_disk_utilization_percentage" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_network_sent" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_network_received" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_network_send_speed" in metric_names,
+                "ray_node_network_receive_speed" in metric_names,
+            ]
+        )
 
     def test_case_ip_correct():
-        components_dict, metric_names, metric_samples = fetch_prometheus(
-            prom_addresses)
+        components_dict, metric_names, metric_samples = fetch_prometheus(prom_addresses)
         raylet_proc = ray.worker._global_node.all_processes[
-            ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_RAYLET][0]
+            ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_RAYLET
+        ][0]
         raylet_pid = None
         # Find the raylet pid recorded in the tag.
         for sample in metric_samples:
@@ -159,24 +165,25 @@ def test_report_stats():
         "cpu": 57.4,
         "cpus": (8, 4),
         "mem": (17179869184, 5723353088, 66.7, 9234341888),
-        "workers": [{
-            "memory_info": Bunch(
-                rss=55934976, vms=7026937856, pfaults=15354, pageins=0),
-            "cpu_percent": 0.0,
-            "cmdline": [
-                "ray::IDLE", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""
-            ],
-            "create_time": 1614826391.338613,
-            "pid": 7174,
-            "cpu_times": Bunch(
-                user=0.607899328,
-                system=0.274044032,
-                children_user=0.0,
-                children_system=0.0)
-        }],
+        "workers": [
+            {
+                "memory_info": Bunch(
+                    rss=55934976, vms=7026937856, pfaults=15354, pageins=0
+                ),
+                "cpu_percent": 0.0,
+                "cmdline": ["ray::IDLE", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""],
+                "create_time": 1614826391.338613,
+                "pid": 7174,
+                "cpu_times": Bunch(
+                    user=0.607899328,
+                    system=0.274044032,
+                    children_user=0.0,
+                    children_system=0.0,
+                ),
+            }
+        ],
         "raylet": {
-            "memory_info": Bunch(
-                rss=18354176, vms=6921486336, pfaults=6206, pageins=3),
+            "memory_info": Bunch(rss=18354176, vms=6921486336, pfaults=6206, pageins=3),
             "cpu_percent": 0.0,
             "cmdline": ["fake raylet cmdline"],
             "create_time": 1614826390.274854,
@@ -185,22 +192,18 @@ def test_report_stats():
                 user=0.03683138,
                 system=0.035913716,
                 children_user=0.0,
-                children_system=0.0)
+                children_system=0.0,
+            ),
         },
         "bootTime": 1612934656.0,
-        "loadAvg": ((4.4521484375, 3.61083984375, 3.5400390625), (0.56, 0.45,
-                                                                  0.44)),
+        "loadAvg": ((4.4521484375, 3.61083984375, 3.5400390625), (0.56, 0.45, 0.44)),
         "disk": {
             "/": Bunch(
-                total=250790436864,
-                used=11316781056,
-                free=22748921856,
-                percent=33.2),
+                total=250790436864, used=11316781056, free=22748921856, percent=33.2
+            ),
             "/tmp": Bunch(
-                total=250790436864,
-                used=209532035072,
-                free=22748921856,
-                percent=90.2)
+                total=250790436864, used=209532035072, free=22748921856, percent=90.2
+            ),
         },
         "gpus": [],
         "network": (13621160960, 11914936320),
@@ -209,13 +212,10 @@ def test_report_stats():
 
     cluster_stats = {
         "autoscaler_report": {
-            "active_nodes": {
-                "head_node": 1,
-                "worker-node-0": 2
-            },
+            "active_nodes": {"head_node": 1, "worker-node-0": 2},
             "failed_nodes": [],
             "pending_launches": {},
-            "pending_nodes": []
+            "pending_nodes": [],
         }
     }
 
@@ -226,11 +226,9 @@ def test_report_stats():
     records = ReporterAgent._record_stats(obj, test_stats, cluster_stats)
     assert len(records) == 14
     # Test stats with gpus
-    test_stats["gpus"] = [{
-        "utilization_gpu": 1,
-        "memory_used": 100,
-        "memory_total": 1000
-    }]
+    test_stats["gpus"] = [
+        {"utilization_gpu": 1, "memory_used": 100, "memory_total": 1000}
+    ]
     records = ReporterAgent._record_stats(obj, test_stats, cluster_stats)
     assert len(records) == 18
     # Test stats without autoscaler report

dashboard/modules/runtime_env/runtime_env_agent.py

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ from ray.core.generated import runtime_env_agent_pb2
 from ray.core.generated import runtime_env_agent_pb2_grpc
 from ray.core.generated import agent_manager_pb2
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
-import ray.dashboard.modules.runtime_env.runtime_env_consts \
-    as runtime_env_consts
-from ray.experimental.internal_kv import _internal_kv_initialized, \
-    _initialize_internal_kv
+import ray.dashboard.modules.runtime_env.runtime_env_consts as runtime_env_consts
+from ray.experimental.internal_kv import (
+    _internal_kv_initialized,
+    _initialize_internal_kv,
+)
 from ray._private.ray_logging import setup_component_logger
 from ray._private.runtime_env.pip import PipManager
 from ray._private.runtime_env.conda import CondaManager
@@ -42,8 +43,10 @@ class CreatedEnvResult:
     result: str
 
 
-class RuntimeEnvAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
-                      runtime_env_agent_pb2_grpc.RuntimeEnvServiceServicer):
+class RuntimeEnvAgent(
+    dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
+    runtime_env_agent_pb2_grpc.RuntimeEnvServiceServicer,
+):
     """An RPC server to create and delete runtime envs.
 
     Attributes:
@@ -86,32 +89,33 @@ class RuntimeEnvAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
         return self._per_job_logger_cache[job_id]
 
     async def CreateRuntimeEnv(self, request, context):
-        async def _setup_runtime_env(serialized_runtime_env,
-                                     serialized_allocated_resource_instances):
+        async def _setup_runtime_env(
+            serialized_runtime_env, serialized_allocated_resource_instances
+        ):
             # This function will be ran inside a thread
             def run_setup_with_logger():
-                runtime_env = RuntimeEnv(
-                    serialized_runtime_env=serialized_runtime_env)
+                runtime_env = RuntimeEnv(serialized_runtime_env=serialized_runtime_env)
                 allocated_resource: dict = json.loads(
-                    serialized_allocated_resource_instances or "{}")
+                    serialized_allocated_resource_instances or "{}"
+                )
 
                 # Use a separate logger for each job.
                 per_job_logger = self.get_or_create_logger(request.job_id)
                 # TODO(chenk008): Add log about allocated_resource to
                 # avoid lint error. That will be moved to cgroup plugin.
-                per_job_logger.debug(f"Worker has resource :"
-                                     f"{allocated_resource}")
+                per_job_logger.debug(f"Worker has resource :" f"{allocated_resource}")
                 context = RuntimeEnvContext(env_vars=runtime_env.env_vars())
-                self._pip_manager.setup(
-                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger)
-                self._conda_manager.setup(
-                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger)
+                self._pip_manager.setup(runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger)
+                self._conda_manager.setup(runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger)
                 self._py_modules_manager.setup(
-                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger)
+                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger
+                )
                 self._working_dir_manager.setup(
-                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger)
+                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger
+                )
                 self._container_manager.setup(
-                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger)
+                    runtime_env, context, logger=per_job_logger
+                )
 
                 # Add the mapping of URIs -> the serialized environment to be
                 # used for cache invalidation.
@@ -133,14 +137,15 @@ class RuntimeEnvAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
 
                 # Run setup function from all the plugins
                 for plugin_class_path, config in runtime_env.plugins():
-                    logger.debug(
-                        f"Setting up runtime env plugin {plugin_class_path}")
+                    logger.debug(f"Setting up runtime env plugin {plugin_class_path}")
                     plugin_class = import_attr(plugin_class_path)
                     # TODO(simon): implement uri support
-                    plugin_class.create("uri not implemented",
-                                        json.loads(config), context)
-                    plugin_class.modify_context("uri not implemented",
-                                                json.loads(config), context)
+                    plugin_class.create(
+                        "uri not implemented", json.loads(config), context
+                    )
+                    plugin_class.modify_context(
+                        "uri not implemented", json.loads(config), context
+                    )
 
                 return context
 
@@ -159,18 +164,24 @@ class RuntimeEnvAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
                 result = self._env_cache[serialized_env]
                 if result.success:
                     context = result.result
-                    logger.info("Runtime env already created successfully. "
-                                f"Env: {serialized_env}, context: {context}")
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Runtime env already created successfully. "
+                        f"Env: {serialized_env}, context: {context}"
+                    )
                     return runtime_env_agent_pb2.CreateRuntimeEnvReply(
                         status=agent_manager_pb2.AGENT_RPC_STATUS_OK,
-                        serialized_runtime_env_context=context)
+                        serialized_runtime_env_context=context,
+                    )
                 else:
                     error_message = result.result
-                    logger.info("Runtime env already failed. "
-                                f"Env: {serialized_env}, err: {error_message}")
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Runtime env already failed. "
+                        f"Env: {serialized_env}, err: {error_message}"
+                    )
                     return runtime_env_agent_pb2.CreateRuntimeEnvReply(
                         status=agent_manager_pb2.AGENT_RPC_STATUS_FAILED,
-                        error_message=error_message)
+                        error_message=error_message,
+                    )
 
             if SLEEP_FOR_TESTING_S:
                 logger.info(f"Sleeping for {SLEEP_FOR_TESTING_S}s.")
@@ -182,8 +193,8 @@ class RuntimeEnvAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             for _ in range(runtime_env_consts.RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_TIMES):
                 try:
                     runtime_env_context = await _setup_runtime_env(
-                        serialized_env,
-                        request.serialized_allocated_resource_instances)
+                        serialized_env, request.serialized_allocated_resource_instances
+                    )
                     break
                 except Exception as ex:
                     logger.exception("Runtime env creation failed.")
@@ -195,22 +206,25 @@ class RuntimeEnvAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
                 logger.error(
                     "Runtime env creation failed for %d times, "
                     "don't retry any more.",
-                    runtime_env_consts.RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_TIMES)
-                self._env_cache[serialized_env] = CreatedEnvResult(
-                    False, error_message)
+                    runtime_env_consts.RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_TIMES,
+                )
+                self._env_cache[serialized_env] = CreatedEnvResult(False, error_message)
                 return runtime_env_agent_pb2.CreateRuntimeEnvReply(
                     status=agent_manager_pb2.AGENT_RPC_STATUS_FAILED,
-                    error_message=error_message)
+                    error_message=error_message,
+                )
 
             serialized_context = runtime_env_context.serialize()
-            self._env_cache[serialized_env] = CreatedEnvResult(
-                True, serialized_context)
+            self._env_cache[serialized_env] = CreatedEnvResult(True, serialized_context)
             logger.info(
                 "Successfully created runtime env: %s, the context: %s",
-                serialized_env, serialized_context)
+                serialized_env,
+                serialized_context,
+            )
             return runtime_env_agent_pb2.CreateRuntimeEnvReply(
                 status=agent_manager_pb2.AGENT_RPC_STATUS_OK,
-                serialized_runtime_env_context=serialized_context)
+                serialized_runtime_env_context=serialized_context,
+            )
 
     async def DeleteURIs(self, request, context):
         logger.info(f"Got request to delete URIs: {request.uris}.")
@@ -239,20 +253,21 @@ class RuntimeEnvAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule,
             else:
                 raise ValueError(
                     "RuntimeEnvAgent received DeleteURI request "
-                    f"for unsupported plugin {plugin}. URI: {uri}")
+                    f"for unsupported plugin {plugin}. URI: {uri}"
+                )
 
         if failed_uris:
             return runtime_env_agent_pb2.DeleteURIsReply(
                 status=agent_manager_pb2.AGENT_RPC_STATUS_FAILED,
-                error_message="Local files for URI(s) "
-                f"{failed_uris} not found.")
+                error_message="Local files for URI(s) " f"{failed_uris} not found.",
+            )
         else:
             return runtime_env_agent_pb2.DeleteURIsReply(
-                status=agent_manager_pb2.AGENT_RPC_STATUS_OK)
+                status=agent_manager_pb2.AGENT_RPC_STATUS_OK
+            )
 
     async def run(self, server):
-        runtime_env_agent_pb2_grpc.add_RuntimeEnvServiceServicer_to_server(
-            self, server)
+        runtime_env_agent_pb2_grpc.add_RuntimeEnvServiceServicer_to_server(self, server)
 
     @staticmethod
     def is_minimal_module():

dashboard/modules/runtime_env/runtime_env_consts.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import ray.ray_constants as ray_constants
 
-RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_TIMES = ray_constants.env_integer("RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_TIMES",
-                                                    3)
+RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_TIMES = ray_constants.env_integer("RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_TIMES", 3)
 
 RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = ray_constants.env_integer(
-    "RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS", 1000)
+    "RUNTIME_ENV_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS", 1000
+)

dashboard/modules/snapshot/snapshot_head.py

@@ -8,13 +8,19 @@ from ray import ray_constants
 from ray.core.generated import gcs_service_pb2
 from ray.core.generated import gcs_pb2
 from ray.core.generated import gcs_service_pb2_grpc
-from ray.experimental.internal_kv import (_internal_kv_initialized,
-                                          _internal_kv_get, _internal_kv_list)
+from ray.experimental.internal_kv import (
+    _internal_kv_initialized,
+    _internal_kv_get,
+    _internal_kv_list,
+)
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
 import ray.dashboard.optional_utils as dashboard_optional_utils
 from ray._private.runtime_env.validation import ParsedRuntimeEnv
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.common import (
-    JobStatusInfo, JobStatusStorageClient, JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY)
+    JobStatusInfo,
+    JobStatusStorageClient,
+    JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY,
+)
 
 import json
 import aiohttp.web
@@ -32,7 +38,8 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         self._job_status_client = JobStatusStorageClient()
         # For offloading CPU intensive work.
         self._thread_pool = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
-            max_workers=2, thread_name_prefix="api_head")
+            max_workers=2, thread_name_prefix="api_head"
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/api/actors/kill")
     async def kill_actor_gcs(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -41,7 +48,8 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         no_restart = req.query.get("no_restart", False) in ("true", "True")
         if not actor_id:
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-                success=False, message="actor_id is required.")
+                success=False, message="actor_id is required."
+            )
 
         request = gcs_service_pb2.KillActorViaGcsRequest()
         request.actor_id = bytes.fromhex(actor_id)
@@ -49,31 +57,36 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         request.no_restart = no_restart
         await self._gcs_actor_info_stub.KillActorViaGcs(request, timeout=5)
 
-        message = (f"Force killed actor with id {actor_id}" if force_kill else
-                   f"Requested actor with id {actor_id} to terminate. " +
-                   "It will exit once running tasks complete")
+        message = (
+            f"Force killed actor with id {actor_id}"
+            if force_kill
+            else f"Requested actor with id {actor_id} to terminate. "
+            + "It will exit once running tasks complete"
+        )
 
-        return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True, message=message)
+        return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(success=True, message=message)
 
     @routes.get("/api/snapshot")
     async def snapshot(self, req):
         job_data, actor_data, serve_data, session_name = await asyncio.gather(
-            self.get_job_info(), self.get_actor_info(), self.get_serve_info(),
-            self.get_session_name())
+            self.get_job_info(),
+            self.get_actor_info(),
+            self.get_serve_info(),
+            self.get_session_name(),
+        )
         snapshot = {
             "jobs": job_data,
             "actors": actor_data,
             "deployments": serve_data,
             "session_name": session_name,
             "ray_version": ray.__version__,
-            "ray_commit": ray.__commit__
+            "ray_commit": ray.__commit__,
         }
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True, message="hello", snapshot=snapshot)
+            success=True, message="hello", snapshot=snapshot
+        )
 
-    def _get_job_status(self,
-                        metadata: Dict[str, str]) -> Optional[JobStatusInfo]:
+    def _get_job_status(self, metadata: Dict[str, str]) -> Optional[JobStatusInfo]:
         # If a job submission ID has been added to a job, the status is
         # guaranteed to be returned.
         job_submission_id = metadata.get(JOB_ID_METADATA_KEY)
@@ -91,8 +104,8 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                 "namespace": job_table_entry.config.ray_namespace,
                 "metadata": metadata,
                 "runtime_env": ParsedRuntimeEnv.deserialize(
-                    job_table_entry.config.runtime_env_info.
-                    serialized_runtime_env),
+                    job_table_entry.config.runtime_env_info.serialized_runtime_env
+                ),
             }
             status = self._get_job_status(metadata)
             entry = {
@@ -111,8 +124,7 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         # TODO (Alex): GCS still needs to return actors from dead jobs.
         request = gcs_service_pb2.GetAllActorInfoRequest()
         request.show_dead_jobs = True
-        reply = await self._gcs_actor_info_stub.GetAllActorInfo(
-            request, timeout=5)
+        reply = await self._gcs_actor_info_stub.GetAllActorInfo(request, timeout=5)
         actors = {}
         for actor_table_entry in reply.actor_table_data:
             actor_id = actor_table_entry.actor_id.hex()
@@ -120,37 +132,33 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             entry = {
                 "job_id": actor_table_entry.job_id.hex(),
                 "state": gcs_pb2.ActorTableData.ActorState.Name(
-                    actor_table_entry.state),
+                    actor_table_entry.state
+                ),
                 "name": actor_table_entry.name,
                 "namespace": actor_table_entry.ray_namespace,
                 "runtime_env": runtime_env,
                 "start_time": actor_table_entry.start_time,
                 "end_time": actor_table_entry.end_time,
                 "is_detached": actor_table_entry.is_detached,
-                "resources": dict(
-                    actor_table_entry.task_spec.required_resources),
+                "resources": dict(actor_table_entry.task_spec.required_resources),
                 "actor_class": actor_table_entry.class_name,
                 "current_worker_id": actor_table_entry.address.worker_id.hex(),
                 "current_raylet_id": actor_table_entry.address.raylet_id.hex(),
                 "ip_address": actor_table_entry.address.ip_address,
                 "port": actor_table_entry.address.port,
-                "metadata": dict()
+                "metadata": dict(),
             }
             actors[actor_id] = entry
 
             deployments = await self.get_serve_info()
             for _, deployment_info in deployments.items():
-                for replica_actor_id, actor_info in deployment_info[
-                        "actors"].items():
+                for replica_actor_id, actor_info in deployment_info["actors"].items():
                     if replica_actor_id in actors:
                         serve_metadata = dict()
-                        serve_metadata["replica_tag"] = actor_info[
-                            "replica_tag"]
-                        serve_metadata["deployment_name"] = deployment_info[
-                            "name"]
+                        serve_metadata["replica_tag"] = actor_info["replica_tag"]
+                        serve_metadata["deployment_name"] = deployment_info["name"]
                         serve_metadata["version"] = actor_info["version"]
-                        actors[replica_actor_id]["metadata"][
-                            "serve"] = serve_metadata
+                        actors[replica_actor_id]["metadata"]["serve"] = serve_metadata
         return actors
 
     async def get_serve_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -168,22 +176,21 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         # TODO: Convert to async GRPC, if CPU usage is not a concern.
         def get_deployments():
             serve_keys = _internal_kv_list(
-                SERVE_CONTROLLER_NAME,
-                namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_SERVE)
+                SERVE_CONTROLLER_NAME, namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_SERVE
+            )
             serve_snapshot_keys = filter(
-                lambda k: SERVE_SNAPSHOT_KEY in str(k), serve_keys)
+                lambda k: SERVE_SNAPSHOT_KEY in str(k), serve_keys
+            )
 
             deployments_per_controller: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
             for key in serve_snapshot_keys:
                 val_bytes = _internal_kv_get(
                     key, namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_SERVE
                 ) or "{}".encode("utf-8")
-                deployments_per_controller.append(
-                    json.loads(val_bytes.decode("utf-8")))
+                deployments_per_controller.append(json.loads(val_bytes.decode("utf-8")))
             # Merge the deployments dicts of all controllers.
             deployments: Dict[str, Any] = {
-                k: v
-                for d in deployments_per_controller for k, v in d.items()
+                k: v for d in deployments_per_controller for k, v in d.items()
             }
             # Replace the keys (deployment names) with their hashes to prevent
             # collisions caused by the automatic conversion to camelcase by the
@@ -194,24 +201,27 @@ class APIHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             }
 
         return await asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(
-            executor=self._thread_pool, func=get_deployments)
+            executor=self._thread_pool, func=get_deployments
+        )
 
     async def get_session_name(self):
         # TODO(yic): Convert to async GRPC.
         def get_session():
             return ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
-                "session_name",
-                namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_SESSION).decode()
+                "session_name", namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_SESSION
+            ).decode()
 
         return await asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(
-            executor=self._thread_pool, func=get_session)
+            executor=self._thread_pool, func=get_session
+        )
 
     async def run(self, server):
         self._gcs_job_info_stub = gcs_service_pb2_grpc.JobInfoGcsServiceStub(
-            self._dashboard_head.aiogrpc_gcs_channel)
-        self._gcs_actor_info_stub = \
-            gcs_service_pb2_grpc.ActorInfoGcsServiceStub(
-                self._dashboard_head.aiogrpc_gcs_channel)
+            self._dashboard_head.aiogrpc_gcs_channel
+        )
+        self._gcs_actor_info_stub = gcs_service_pb2_grpc.ActorInfoGcsServiceStub(
+            self._dashboard_head.aiogrpc_gcs_channel
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def is_minimal_module():

dashboard/modules/snapshot/tests/test_actors.py

@@ -36,15 +36,14 @@ def _actor_killed_loop(worker_pid: str, timeout_secs=3) -> bool:
     return dead
 
 
-def _kill_actor_using_dashboard_gcs(webui_url: str,
-                                    actor_id: str,
-                                    force_kill=False):
+def _kill_actor_using_dashboard_gcs(webui_url: str, actor_id: str, force_kill=False):
     resp = requests.get(
         webui_url + KILL_ACTOR_ENDPOINT,
         params={
             "actor_id": actor_id,
             "force_kill": force_kill,
-        })
+        },
+    )
     resp.raise_for_status()
     resp_json = resp.json()
     assert resp_json["result"] is True, "msg" in resp_json

dashboard/modules/snapshot/tests/test_job_submission.py

@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ import pprint
 import pytest
 import requests
 
-from ray._private.test_utils import (format_web_url, wait_for_condition,
-                                     wait_until_server_available)
+from ray._private.test_utils import (
+    format_web_url,
+    wait_for_condition,
+    wait_until_server_available,
+)
 from ray.dashboard import dashboard
 from ray.dashboard.tests.conftest import *  # noqa
 from ray.dashboard.modules.job.sdk import JobSubmissionClient
@@ -22,25 +25,23 @@ def _get_snapshot(address: str):
     response.raise_for_status()
     data = response.json()
     schema_path = os.path.join(
-        os.path.dirname(dashboard.__file__),
-        "modules/snapshot/snapshot_schema.json")
+        os.path.dirname(dashboard.__file__), "modules/snapshot/snapshot_schema.json"
+    )
     pprint.pprint(data)
     jsonschema.validate(instance=data, schema=json.load(open(schema_path)))
     return data
 
 
-def test_successful_job_status(ray_start_with_dashboard, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                               enable_test_module):
+def test_successful_job_status(
+    ray_start_with_dashboard, disable_aiohttp_cache, enable_test_module
+):
     address = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     assert wait_until_server_available(address)
     address = format_web_url(address)
 
-    entrypoint_cmd = ("python -c\""
-                      "import ray;"
-                      "ray.init();"
-                      "import time;"
-                      "time.sleep(5);"
-                      "\"")
+    entrypoint_cmd = (
+        'python -c"' "import ray;" "ray.init();" "import time;" "time.sleep(5);" '"'
+    )
 
     client = JobSubmissionClient(address)
     job_id = client.submit_job(entrypoint=entrypoint_cmd)
@@ -49,11 +50,8 @@ def test_successful_job_status(ray_start_with_dashboard, disable_aiohttp_cache,
         data = _get_snapshot(address)
         for job_entry in data["data"]["snapshot"]["jobs"].values():
             if job_entry["status"] is not None:
-                assert job_entry["config"]["metadata"][
-                    "jobSubmissionId"] == job_id
-                assert job_entry["status"] in {
-                    "PENDING", "RUNNING", "SUCCEEDED"
-                }
+                assert job_entry["config"]["metadata"]["jobSubmissionId"] == job_id
+                assert job_entry["status"] in {"PENDING", "RUNNING", "SUCCEEDED"}
                 assert job_entry["statusMessage"] is not None
                 return job_entry["status"] == "SUCCEEDED"
 
@@ -62,20 +60,23 @@ def test_successful_job_status(ray_start_with_dashboard, disable_aiohttp_cache,
     wait_for_condition(wait_for_job_to_succeed, timeout=30)
 
 
-def test_failed_job_status(ray_start_with_dashboard, disable_aiohttp_cache,
-                           enable_test_module):
+def test_failed_job_status(
+    ray_start_with_dashboard, disable_aiohttp_cache, enable_test_module
+):
     address = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     assert wait_until_server_available(address)
     address = format_web_url(address)
 
-    entrypoint_cmd = ("python -c\""
-                      "import ray;"
-                      "ray.init();"
-                      "import time;"
-                      "time.sleep(5);"
-                      "import sys;"
-                      "sys.exit(1);"
-                      "\"")
+    entrypoint_cmd = (
+        'python -c"'
+        "import ray;"
+        "ray.init();"
+        "import time;"
+        "time.sleep(5);"
+        "import sys;"
+        "sys.exit(1);"
+        '"'
+    )
     client = JobSubmissionClient(address)
     job_id = client.submit_job(entrypoint=entrypoint_cmd)
 
@@ -83,8 +84,7 @@ def test_failed_job_status(ray_start_with_dashboard, disable_aiohttp_cache,
         data = _get_snapshot(address)
         for job_entry in data["data"]["snapshot"]["jobs"].values():
             if job_entry["status"] is not None:
-                assert job_entry["config"]["metadata"][
-                    "jobSubmissionId"] == job_id
+                assert job_entry["config"]["metadata"]["jobSubmissionId"] == job_id
                 assert job_entry["status"] in {"PENDING", "RUNNING", "FAILED"}
                 assert job_entry["statusMessage"] is not None
                 return job_entry["status"] == "FAILED"

dashboard/modules/snapshot/tests/test_snapshot.py

@@ -34,11 +34,14 @@ ray.get(a.ping.remote())
     """
     address = ray_start_with_dashboard["address"]
     detached_driver = driver_template.format(
-        address=address, lifetime="'detached'", name="'abc'")
+        address=address, lifetime="'detached'", name="'abc'"
+    )
     named_driver = driver_template.format(
-        address=address, lifetime="None", name="'xyz'")
+        address=address, lifetime="None", name="'xyz'"
+    )
     unnamed_driver = driver_template.format(
-        address=address, lifetime="None", name="None")
+        address=address, lifetime="None", name="None"
+    )
 
     run_string_as_driver(detached_driver)
     run_string_as_driver(named_driver)
@@ -50,8 +53,8 @@ ray.get(a.ping.remote())
     response.raise_for_status()
     data = response.json()
     schema_path = os.path.join(
-        os.path.dirname(dashboard.__file__),
-        "modules/snapshot/snapshot_schema.json")
+        os.path.dirname(dashboard.__file__), "modules/snapshot/snapshot_schema.json"
+    )
     pprint.pprint(data)
     jsonschema.validate(instance=data, schema=json.load(open(schema_path)))
 
@@ -72,10 +75,7 @@ ray.get(a.ping.remote())
     assert data["data"]["snapshot"]["rayVersion"] == ray.__version__
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_with_dashboard", [{
-        "num_cpus": 4
-    }], indirect=True)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("ray_start_with_dashboard", [{"num_cpus": 4}], indirect=True)
 def test_serve_snapshot(ray_start_with_dashboard):
     """Test detached and nondetached Serve instances running concurrently."""
 
@@ -115,8 +115,7 @@ my_func_deleted.delete()
 
     my_func_nondetached.deploy()
 
-    assert requests.get(
-        "http://127.0.0.1:8123/my_func_nondetached").text == "hello"
+    assert requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:8123/my_func_nondetached").text == "hello"
 
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
@@ -124,15 +123,16 @@ my_func_deleted.delete()
     response.raise_for_status()
     data = response.json()
     schema_path = os.path.join(
-        os.path.dirname(dashboard.__file__),
-        "modules/snapshot/snapshot_schema.json")
+        os.path.dirname(dashboard.__file__), "modules/snapshot/snapshot_schema.json"
+    )
     pprint.pprint(data)
     jsonschema.validate(instance=data, schema=json.load(open(schema_path)))
 
     assert len(data["data"]["snapshot"]["deployments"]) == 3
 
-    entry = data["data"]["snapshot"]["deployments"][hashlib.sha1(
-        "my_func".encode()).hexdigest()]
+    entry = data["data"]["snapshot"]["deployments"][
+        hashlib.sha1("my_func".encode()).hexdigest()
+    ]
     assert entry["name"] == "my_func"
     assert entry["version"] is None
     assert entry["namespace"] == "serve"
@@ -145,14 +145,14 @@ my_func_deleted.delete()
 
     assert len(entry["actors"]) == 1
     actor_id = next(iter(entry["actors"]))
-    metadata = data["data"]["snapshot"]["actors"][actor_id]["metadata"][
-        "serve"]
+    metadata = data["data"]["snapshot"]["actors"][actor_id]["metadata"]["serve"]
     assert metadata["deploymentName"] == "my_func"
     assert metadata["version"] is None
     assert len(metadata["replicaTag"]) > 0
 
-    entry_deleted = data["data"]["snapshot"]["deployments"][hashlib.sha1(
-        "my_func_deleted".encode()).hexdigest()]
+    entry_deleted = data["data"]["snapshot"]["deployments"][
+        hashlib.sha1("my_func_deleted".encode()).hexdigest()
+    ]
     assert entry_deleted["name"] == "my_func_deleted"
     assert entry_deleted["version"] == "v1"
     assert entry_deleted["namespace"] == "serve"
@@ -163,8 +163,9 @@ my_func_deleted.delete()
     assert entry_deleted["startTime"] > 0
     assert entry_deleted["endTime"] > entry_deleted["startTime"]
 
-    entry_nondetached = data["data"]["snapshot"]["deployments"][hashlib.sha1(
-        "my_func_nondetached".encode()).hexdigest()]
+    entry_nondetached = data["data"]["snapshot"]["deployments"][
+        hashlib.sha1("my_func_nondetached".encode()).hexdigest()
+    ]
     assert entry_nondetached["name"] == "my_func_nondetached"
     assert entry_nondetached["version"] == "v1"
     assert entry_nondetached["namespace"] == "default_test_namespace"
@@ -177,8 +178,7 @@ my_func_deleted.delete()
 
     assert len(entry_nondetached["actors"]) == 1
     actor_id = next(iter(entry_nondetached["actors"]))
-    metadata = data["data"]["snapshot"]["actors"][actor_id]["metadata"][
-        "serve"]
+    metadata = data["data"]["snapshot"]["actors"][actor_id]["metadata"]["serve"]
     assert metadata["deploymentName"] == "my_func_nondetached"
     assert metadata["version"] == "v1"
     assert len(metadata["replicaTag"]) > 0

dashboard/modules/test/test_agent.py

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable
 
 
 @dashboard_utils.dashboard_module(
-    enable=env_bool(test_consts.TEST_MODULE_ENVIRONMENT_KEY, False))
+    enable=env_bool(test_consts.TEST_MODULE_ENVIRONMENT_KEY, False)
+)
 class TestAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule):
     def __init__(self, dashboard_agent):
         super().__init__(dashboard_agent)
@@ -25,8 +26,7 @@ class TestAgent(dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule):
     @routes.get("/test/http_get_from_agent")
     async def get_url(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         url = req.query.get("url")
-        result = await test_utils.http_get(self._dashboard_agent.http_session,
-                                           url)
+        result = await test_utils.http_get(self._dashboard_agent.http_session, url)
         return aiohttp.web.json_response(result)
 
     @routes.head("/test/route_head")

dashboard/modules/test/test_head.py

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable
 
 
 @dashboard_utils.dashboard_module(
-    enable=env_bool(test_consts.TEST_MODULE_ENVIRONMENT_KEY, False))
+    enable=env_bool(test_consts.TEST_MODULE_ENVIRONMENT_KEY, False)
+)
 class TestHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
     def __init__(self, dashboard_head):
         super().__init__(dashboard_head)
@@ -62,26 +63,28 @@ class TestHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
                 success=True,
                 message="Fetch all data from datacenter success.",
-                **all_data)
+                **all_data,
+            )
         else:
             data = dict(DataSource.__dict__.get(key))
             return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
                 success=True,
                 message=f"Fetch {key} from datacenter success.",
-                **{key: data})
+                **{key: data},
+            )
 
     @routes.get("/test/notified_agents")
     async def get_notified_agents(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
             success=True,
             message="Fetch notified agents success.",
-            **self._notified_agents)
+            **self._notified_agents,
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/test/http_get")
     async def get_url(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         url = req.query.get("url")
-        result = await test_utils.http_get(self._dashboard_head.http_session,
-                                           url)
+        result = await test_utils.http_get(self._dashboard_head.http_session, url)
         return aiohttp.web.json_response(result)
 
     @routes.get("/test/aiohttp_cache/{sub_path}")
@@ -89,14 +92,16 @@ class TestHead(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
     async def test_aiohttp_cache(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         value = req.query["value"]
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True, message="OK", value=value, timestamp=time.time())
+            success=True, message="OK", value=value, timestamp=time.time()
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/test/aiohttp_cache_lru/{sub_path}")
     @dashboard_optional_utils.aiohttp_cache(ttl_seconds=60, maxsize=5)
     async def test_aiohttp_cache_lru(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         value = req.query.get("value")
         return dashboard_optional_utils.rest_response(
-            success=True, message="OK", value=value, timestamp=time.time())
+            success=True, message="OK", value=value, timestamp=time.time()
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/test/file")
     async def test_file(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.FileResponse:

dashboard/modules/tune/tune_head.py

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ import copy
 import os
 import aiohttp.web
 
-import ray.dashboard.modules.tune.tune_consts \
-    as tune_consts
+import ray.dashboard.modules.tune.tune_consts as tune_consts
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
 import ray.dashboard.optional_utils as dashboard_optional_utils
 from ray.dashboard.utils import async_loop_forever
@@ -45,19 +44,17 @@ class TuneController(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
     @routes.get("/tune/info")
     async def tune_info(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         stats = self.get_stats()
-        return rest_response(
-            success=True, message="Fetched tune info", result=stats)
+        return rest_response(success=True, message="Fetched tune info", result=stats)
 
     @routes.get("/tune/availability")
     async def get_availability(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         availability = {
             "available": ExperimentAnalysis is not None,
-            "trials_available": self._trials_available
+            "trials_available": self._trials_available,
         }
         return rest_response(
-            success=True,
-            message="Fetched tune availability",
-            result=availability)
+            success=True, message="Fetched tune availability", result=availability
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/tune/set_experiment")
     async def set_tune_experiment(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -66,25 +63,25 @@ class TuneController(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         if err:
             return rest_response(success=False, error=err)
         return rest_response(
-            success=True, message="Successfully set experiment", **experiment)
+            success=True, message="Successfully set experiment", **experiment
+        )
 
     @routes.get("/tune/enable_tensorboard")
     async def enable_tensorboard(self, req) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         self._enable_tensorboard()
         if not self._tensor_board_dir:
-            return rest_response(
-                success=False, message="Error enabling tensorboard")
+            return rest_response(success=False, message="Error enabling tensorboard")
         return rest_response(success=True, message="Enabled tensorboard")
 
     def get_stats(self):
         tensor_board_info = {
             "tensorboard_current": self._logdir == self._tensor_board_dir,
-            "tensorboard_enabled": self._tensor_board_dir != ""
+            "tensorboard_enabled": self._tensor_board_dir != "",
         }
         return {
             "trial_records": copy.deepcopy(self._trial_records),
             "errors": copy.deepcopy(self._errors),
-            "tensorboard": tensor_board_info
+            "tensorboard": tensor_board_info,
         }
 
     def set_experiment(self, experiment):
@@ -104,7 +101,8 @@ class TuneController(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
     def collect_errors(self, df):
         sub_dirs = os.listdir(self._logdir)
         trial_names = filter(
-            lambda d: os.path.isdir(os.path.join(self._logdir, d)), sub_dirs)
+            lambda d: os.path.isdir(os.path.join(self._logdir, d)), sub_dirs
+        )
         for trial in trial_names:
             error_path = os.path.join(self._logdir, trial, "error.txt")
             if os.path.isfile(error_path):
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ class TuneController(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
                     self._errors[str(trial)] = {
                         "text": text,
                         "job_id": os.path.basename(self._logdir),
-                        "trial_id": "No Trial ID"
+                        "trial_id": "No Trial ID",
                     }
                     other_data = df[df["logdir"].str.contains(trial)]
                     if len(other_data) > 0:
@@ -175,12 +173,25 @@ class TuneController(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
 
         # list of static attributes for trial
         default_names = {
-            "logdir", "time_this_iter_s", "done", "episodes_total",
-            "training_iteration", "timestamp", "timesteps_total",
-            "experiment_id", "date", "timestamp", "time_total_s", "pid",
-            "hostname", "node_ip", "time_since_restore",
-            "timesteps_since_restore", "iterations_since_restore",
-            "experiment_tag", "trial_id"
+            "logdir",
+            "time_this_iter_s",
+            "done",
+            "episodes_total",
+            "training_iteration",
+            "timestamp",
+            "timesteps_total",
+            "experiment_id",
+            "date",
+            "timestamp",
+            "time_total_s",
+            "pid",
+            "hostname",
+            "node_ip",
+            "time_since_restore",
+            "timesteps_since_restore",
+            "iterations_since_restore",
+            "experiment_tag",
+            "trial_id",
         }
 
         # filter attributes into floats, metrics, and config variables
@@ -196,7 +207,8 @@ class TuneController(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule):
         for trial, details in trial_details.items():
             ts = os.path.getctime(details["logdir"])
             formatted_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(ts).strftime(
-                "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
+                "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
+            )
             details["start_time"] = formatted_time
             details["params"] = {}
             details["metrics"] = {}

dashboard/optional_utils.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ except AttributeError:
 # All third-party dependencies that are not included in the minimal Ray
 # installation must be included in this file. This allows us to determine if
 # the agent has the necessary dependencies to be started.
-from ray.dashboard.optional_deps import (aiohttp, hdrs, PathLike, RouteDef)
+from ray.dashboard.optional_deps import aiohttp, hdrs, PathLike, RouteDef
 from ray.dashboard.utils import to_google_style, CustomEncoder
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -68,12 +68,15 @@ class ClassMethodRouteTable:
         def _wrapper(handler):
             if path in cls._bind_map[method]:
                 bind_info = cls._bind_map[method][path]
-                raise Exception(f"Duplicated route path: {path}, "
-                                f"previous one registered at "
-                                f"{bind_info.filename}:{bind_info.lineno}")
+                raise Exception(
+                    f"Duplicated route path: {path}, "
+                    f"previous one registered at "
+                    f"{bind_info.filename}:{bind_info.lineno}"
+                )
 
-            bind_info = cls._BindInfo(handler.__code__.co_filename,
-                                      handler.__code__.co_firstlineno, None)
+            bind_info = cls._BindInfo(
+                handler.__code__.co_filename, handler.__code__.co_firstlineno, None
+            )
 
             @functools.wraps(handler)
             async def _handler_route(*args) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
@@ -86,8 +89,7 @@ class ClassMethodRouteTable:
                     return await handler(bind_info.instance, req)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception("Handle %s %s failed.", method, path)
-                    return rest_response(
-                        success=False, message=traceback.format_exc())
+                    return rest_response(success=False, message=traceback.format_exc())
 
             cls._bind_map[method][path] = bind_info
             _handler_route.__route_method__ = method
@@ -132,18 +134,19 @@ class ClassMethodRouteTable:
     def bind(cls, instance):
         def predicate(o):
             if inspect.ismethod(o):
-                return hasattr(o, "__route_method__") and hasattr(
-                    o, "__route_path__")
+                return hasattr(o, "__route_method__") and hasattr(o, "__route_path__")
             return False
 
         handler_routes = inspect.getmembers(instance, predicate)
         for _, h in handler_routes:
             cls._bind_map[h.__func__.__route_method__][
-                h.__func__.__route_path__].instance = instance
+                h.__func__.__route_path__
+            ].instance = instance
 
 
-def rest_response(success, message, convert_google_style=True,
-                  **kwargs) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
+def rest_response(
+    success, message, convert_google_style=True, **kwargs
+) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
     # In the dev context we allow a dev server running on a
     # different port to consume the API, meaning we need to allow
     # cross-origin access
@@ -155,24 +158,24 @@ def rest_response(success, message, convert_google_style=True,
         {
             "result": success,
             "msg": message,
-            "data": to_google_style(kwargs) if convert_google_style else kwargs
+            "data": to_google_style(kwargs) if convert_google_style else kwargs,
         },
         dumps=functools.partial(json.dumps, cls=CustomEncoder),
-        headers=headers)
+        headers=headers,
+    )
 
 
 # The cache value type used by aiohttp_cache.
-_AiohttpCacheValue = namedtuple("AiohttpCacheValue",
-                                ["data", "expiration", "task"])
+_AiohttpCacheValue = namedtuple("AiohttpCacheValue", ["data", "expiration", "task"])
 # The methods with no request body used by aiohttp_cache.
 _AIOHTTP_CACHE_NOBODY_METHODS = {hdrs.METH_GET, hdrs.METH_DELETE}
 
 
 def aiohttp_cache(
-        ttl_seconds=dashboard_consts.AIOHTTP_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS,
-        maxsize=dashboard_consts.AIOHTTP_CACHE_MAX_SIZE,
-        enable=not env_bool(
-            dashboard_consts.AIOHTTP_CACHE_DISABLE_ENVIRONMENT_KEY, False)):
+    ttl_seconds=dashboard_consts.AIOHTTP_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS,
+    maxsize=dashboard_consts.AIOHTTP_CACHE_MAX_SIZE,
+    enable=not env_bool(dashboard_consts.AIOHTTP_CACHE_DISABLE_ENVIRONMENT_KEY, False),
+):
     assert maxsize > 0
     cache = collections.OrderedDict()
 
@@ -195,8 +198,7 @@ def aiohttp_cache(
                 value = cache.get(key)
                 if value is not None:
                     cache.move_to_end(key)
-                    if (not value.task.done()
-                            or value.expiration >= time.time()):
+                    if not value.task.done() or value.expiration >= time.time():
                         # Update task not done or the data is not expired.
                         return aiohttp.web.Response(**value.data)
 
@@ -205,15 +207,16 @@ def aiohttp_cache(
                         response = task.result()
                     except Exception:
                         response = rest_response(
-                            success=False, message=traceback.format_exc())
+                            success=False, message=traceback.format_exc()
+                        )
                     data = {
                         "status": response.status,
                         "headers": dict(response.headers),
                         "body": response.body,
                     }
-                    cache[key] = _AiohttpCacheValue(data,
-                                                    time.time() + ttl_seconds,
-                                                    task)
+                    cache[key] = _AiohttpCacheValue(
+                        data, time.time() + ttl_seconds, task
+                    )
                     cache.move_to_end(key)
                     if len(cache) > maxsize:
                         cache.popitem(last=False)

dashboard/tests/test_dashboard.py

@@ -19,11 +19,14 @@ import requests
 
 from ray import ray_constants
 from ray._private.test_utils import (
-    format_web_url, wait_for_condition, wait_until_server_available,
-    run_string_as_driver, wait_until_succeeded_without_exception)
+    format_web_url,
+    wait_for_condition,
+    wait_until_server_available,
+    run_string_as_driver,
+    wait_until_succeeded_without_exception,
+)
 from ray._private.gcs_pubsub import gcs_pubsub_enabled
-from ray.ray_constants import (DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY,
-                               DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_ERROR)
+from ray.ray_constants import DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY, DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_ERROR
 from ray.dashboard import dashboard
 import ray.dashboard.consts as dashboard_consts
 import ray.dashboard.utils as dashboard_utils
@@ -43,7 +46,8 @@ def make_gcs_client(address_info):
         client = redis.StrictRedis(
             host=address[0],
             port=int(address[1]),
-            password=ray_constants.REDIS_DEFAULT_PASSWORD)
+            password=ray_constants.REDIS_DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
+        )
         gcs_client = ray._private.gcs_utils.GcsClient.create_from_redis(client)
     else:
         address = address_info["gcs_address"]
@@ -73,17 +77,14 @@ cleanup_test_files()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_with_dashboard", [{
-        "_system_config": {
-            "agent_register_timeout_ms": 5000
-        }
-    }],
-    indirect=True)
+    "ray_start_with_dashboard",
+    [{"_system_config": {"agent_register_timeout_ms": 5000}}],
+    indirect=True,
+)
 def test_basic(ray_start_with_dashboard):
     """Dashboard test that starts a Ray cluster with a dashboard server running,
     then hits the dashboard API and asserts that it receives sensible data."""
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     address_info = ray_start_with_dashboard
     node_id = address_info["node_id"]
     gcs_client = make_gcs_client(address_info)
@@ -92,11 +93,12 @@ def test_basic(ray_start_with_dashboard):
     all_processes = ray.worker._global_node.all_processes
     assert ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_DASHBOARD in all_processes
     assert ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_REPORTER not in all_processes
-    dashboard_proc_info = all_processes[ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_DASHBOARD][
-        0]
+    dashboard_proc_info = all_processes[ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_DASHBOARD][0]
     dashboard_proc = psutil.Process(dashboard_proc_info.process.pid)
     assert dashboard_proc.status() in [
-        psutil.STATUS_RUNNING, psutil.STATUS_SLEEPING, psutil.STATUS_DISK_SLEEP
+        psutil.STATUS_RUNNING,
+        psutil.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+        psutil.STATUS_DISK_SLEEP,
     ]
     raylet_proc_info = all_processes[ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_RAYLET][0]
     raylet_proc = psutil.Process(raylet_proc_info.process.pid)
@@ -140,9 +142,7 @@ def test_basic(ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
     logger.info("Test agent register is OK.")
     wait_for_condition(lambda: _search_agent(raylet_proc.children()))
-    assert dashboard_proc.status() in [
-        psutil.STATUS_RUNNING, psutil.STATUS_SLEEPING
-    ]
+    assert dashboard_proc.status() in [psutil.STATUS_RUNNING, psutil.STATUS_SLEEPING]
     agent_proc = _search_agent(raylet_proc.children())
     agent_pid = agent_proc.pid
 
@@ -161,40 +161,39 @@ def test_basic(ray_start_with_dashboard):
     # Check kv keys are set.
     logger.info("Check kv keys are set.")
     dashboard_address = ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
-        ray_constants.DASHBOARD_ADDRESS,
-        namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+        ray_constants.DASHBOARD_ADDRESS, namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD
+    )
     assert dashboard_address is not None
     dashboard_rpc_address = ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
         dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_RPC_ADDRESS,
-        namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+        namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD,
+    )
     assert dashboard_rpc_address is not None
     key = f"{dashboard_consts.DASHBOARD_AGENT_PORT_PREFIX}{node_id}"
     agent_ports = ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
-        key, namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+        key, namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD
+    )
     assert agent_ports is not None
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "ray_start_with_dashboard", [{
-        "dashboard_host": "127.0.0.1"
-    }, {
-        "dashboard_host": "0.0.0.0"
-    }, {
-        "dashboard_host": "::"
-    }],
-    indirect=True)
+    "ray_start_with_dashboard",
+    [
+        {"dashboard_host": "127.0.0.1"},
+        {"dashboard_host": "0.0.0.0"},
+        {"dashboard_host": "::"},
+    ],
+    indirect=True,
+)
 def test_dashboard_address(ray_start_with_dashboard):
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_ip = webui_url.split(":")[0]
     assert not ipaddress.ip_address(webui_ip).is_unspecified
-    assert webui_ip in [
-        "127.0.0.1", ray_start_with_dashboard["node_ip_address"]
-    ]
+    assert webui_ip in ["127.0.0.1", ray_start_with_dashboard["node_ip_address"]]
 
 
 def test_http_get(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
 
@@ -205,8 +204,7 @@ def test_http_get(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
     while True:
         time.sleep(3)
         try:
-            response = requests.get(webui_url + "/test/http_get?url=" +
-                                    target_url)
+            response = requests.get(webui_url + "/test/http_get?url=" + target_url)
             response.raise_for_status()
             try:
                 dump_info = response.json()
@@ -221,8 +219,8 @@ def test_http_get(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
             http_port, grpc_port = ports
 
             response = requests.get(
-                f"http://{ip}:{http_port}"
-                f"/test/http_get_from_agent?url={target_url}")
+                f"http://{ip}:{http_port}" f"/test/http_get_from_agent?url={target_url}"
+            )
             response.raise_for_status()
             try:
                 dump_info = response.json()
@@ -239,10 +237,10 @@ def test_http_get(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
 
 def test_class_method_route_table(enable_test_module):
-    head_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(
-        dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule)
+    head_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule)
     agent_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(
-        dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule)
+        dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule
+    )
     test_head_cls = None
     for cls in head_cls_list:
         if cls.__name__ == "TestHead":
@@ -274,28 +272,23 @@ def test_class_method_route_table(enable_test_module):
     assert any(_has_route(r, "POST", "/test/route_post") for r in all_routes)
     assert any(_has_route(r, "PUT", "/test/route_put") for r in all_routes)
     assert any(_has_route(r, "PATCH", "/test/route_patch") for r in all_routes)
-    assert any(
-        _has_route(r, "DELETE", "/test/route_delete") for r in all_routes)
+    assert any(_has_route(r, "DELETE", "/test/route_delete") for r in all_routes)
     assert any(_has_route(r, "*", "/test/route_view") for r in all_routes)
 
     # Test bind()
-    bound_routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bound_routes(
-    )
+    bound_routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bound_routes()
     assert len(bound_routes) == 0
     dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bind(
-        test_agent_cls.__new__(test_agent_cls))
-    bound_routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bound_routes(
+        test_agent_cls.__new__(test_agent_cls)
     )
+    bound_routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bound_routes()
     assert any(_has_route(r, "POST", "/test/route_post") for r in bound_routes)
-    assert all(
-        not _has_route(r, "PUT", "/test/route_put") for r in bound_routes)
+    assert all(not _has_route(r, "PUT", "/test/route_put") for r in bound_routes)
 
     # Static def should be in bound routes.
     routes.static("/test/route_static", "/path")
-    bound_routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bound_routes(
-    )
-    assert any(
-        _has_static(r, "/path", "/test/route_static") for r in bound_routes)
+    bound_routes = dashboard_optional_utils.ClassMethodRouteTable.bound_routes()
+    assert any(_has_static(r, "/path", "/test/route_static") for r in bound_routes)
 
     # Test duplicated routes should raise exception.
     try:
@@ -358,10 +351,10 @@ def test_async_loop_forever():
 
 
 def test_dashboard_module_decorator(enable_test_module):
-    head_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(
-        dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule)
+    head_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(dashboard_utils.DashboardHeadModule)
     agent_cls_list = dashboard_utils.get_all_modules(
-        dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule)
+        dashboard_utils.DashboardAgentModule
+    )
 
     assert any(cls.__name__ == "TestHead" for cls in head_cls_list)
     assert any(cls.__name__ == "TestAgent" for cls in agent_cls_list)
@@ -385,8 +378,7 @@ print("success")
 
 
 def test_aiohttp_cache(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     webui_url = ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
 
@@ -397,8 +389,7 @@ def test_aiohttp_cache(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
         time.sleep(1)
         try:
             for x in range(10):
-                response = requests.get(webui_url +
-                                        "/test/aiohttp_cache/t1?value=1")
+                response = requests.get(webui_url + "/test/aiohttp_cache/t1?value=1")
                 response.raise_for_status()
                 timestamp = response.json()["data"]["timestamp"]
                 value1_timestamps.append(timestamp)
@@ -412,8 +403,7 @@ def test_aiohttp_cache(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
     sub_path_timestamps = []
     for x in range(10):
-        response = requests.get(webui_url +
-                                f"/test/aiohttp_cache/tt{x}?value=1")
+        response = requests.get(webui_url + f"/test/aiohttp_cache/tt{x}?value=1")
         response.raise_for_status()
         timestamp = response.json()["data"]["timestamp"]
         sub_path_timestamps.append(timestamp)
@@ -421,8 +411,7 @@ def test_aiohttp_cache(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
     volatile_value_timestamps = []
     for x in range(10):
-        response = requests.get(webui_url +
-                                f"/test/aiohttp_cache/tt?value={x}")
+        response = requests.get(webui_url + f"/test/aiohttp_cache/tt?value={x}")
         response.raise_for_status()
         timestamp = response.json()["data"]["timestamp"]
         volatile_value_timestamps.append(timestamp)
@@ -436,8 +425,7 @@ def test_aiohttp_cache(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
     volatile_value_timestamps = []
     for x in range(10):
-        response = requests.get(webui_url +
-                                f"/test/aiohttp_cache_lru/tt{x % 4}")
+        response = requests.get(webui_url + f"/test/aiohttp_cache_lru/tt{x % 4}")
         response.raise_for_status()
         timestamp = response.json()["data"]["timestamp"]
         volatile_value_timestamps.append(timestamp)
@@ -446,8 +434,7 @@ def test_aiohttp_cache(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
     volatile_value_timestamps = []
     data = collections.defaultdict(set)
     for x in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 1, 0, 3]:
-        response = requests.get(webui_url +
-                                f"/test/aiohttp_cache_lru/t1?value={x}")
+        response = requests.get(webui_url + f"/test/aiohttp_cache_lru/t1?value={x}")
         response.raise_for_status()
         timestamp = response.json()["data"]["timestamp"]
         data[x].add(timestamp)
@@ -458,8 +445,7 @@ def test_aiohttp_cache(enable_test_module, ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
 
 def test_get_cluster_status(ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     address_info = ray_start_with_dashboard
     webui_url = address_info["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
@@ -478,14 +464,15 @@ def test_get_cluster_status(ray_start_with_dashboard):
         assert "loadMetricsReport" in response.json()["data"]["clusterStatus"]
 
     assert wait_until_succeeded_without_exception(
-        get_cluster_status, (requests.RequestException, ))
+        get_cluster_status, (requests.RequestException,)
+    )
 
     gcs_client = make_gcs_client(address_info)
     ray.experimental.internal_kv._initialize_internal_kv(gcs_client)
     ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_put(
-        DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY, "hello")
-    ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_put(DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_ERROR,
-                                                  "world")
+        DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_STATUS_LEGACY, "hello"
+    )
+    ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_put(DEBUG_AUTOSCALING_ERROR, "world")
 
     response = requests.get(f"{webui_url}/api/cluster_status")
     response.raise_for_status()
@@ -508,20 +495,19 @@ def test_immutable_types():
     assert immutable_dict == dashboard_utils.ImmutableDict(d)
     assert immutable_dict == d
     assert dashboard_utils.ImmutableDict(immutable_dict) == immutable_dict
-    assert dashboard_utils.ImmutableList(
-        immutable_dict["list"]) == immutable_dict["list"]
+    assert (
+        dashboard_utils.ImmutableList(immutable_dict["list"]) == immutable_dict["list"]
+    )
     assert "512" in d
     assert "512" in d["list"][0]
     assert "512" in d["dict"]
 
     # Test type conversion
     assert type(dict(immutable_dict)["list"]) == dashboard_utils.ImmutableList
-    assert type(list(
-        immutable_dict["list"])[0]) == dashboard_utils.ImmutableDict
+    assert type(list(immutable_dict["list"])[0]) == dashboard_utils.ImmutableDict
 
     # Test json dumps / loads
-    json_str = json.dumps(
-        immutable_dict, cls=dashboard_optional_utils.CustomEncoder)
+    json_str = json.dumps(immutable_dict, cls=dashboard_optional_utils.CustomEncoder)
     deserialized_immutable_dict = json.loads(json_str)
     assert type(deserialized_immutable_dict) == dict
     assert type(deserialized_immutable_dict["list"]) == list
@@ -577,7 +563,7 @@ def test_immutable_types():
 
 def test_http_proxy(enable_test_module, set_http_proxy, shutdown_only):
     address_info = ray.init(num_cpus=1, include_dashboard=True)
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(address_info["webui_url"]) is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(address_info["webui_url"]) is True
 
     webui_url = address_info["webui_url"]
     webui_url = format_web_url(webui_url)
@@ -588,11 +574,8 @@ def test_http_proxy(enable_test_module, set_http_proxy, shutdown_only):
         time.sleep(1)
         try:
             response = requests.get(
-                webui_url + "/test/dump",
-                proxies={
-                    "http": None,
-                    "https": None
-                })
+                webui_url + "/test/dump", proxies={"http": None, "https": None}
+            )
             response.raise_for_status()
             try:
                 response.json()
@@ -609,8 +592,7 @@ def test_http_proxy(enable_test_module, set_http_proxy, shutdown_only):
 
 
 def test_dashboard_port_conflict(ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
     address_info = ray_start_with_dashboard
     gcs_client = make_gcs_client(address_info)
     ray.experimental.internal_kv._initialize_internal_kv(gcs_client)
@@ -618,11 +600,15 @@ def test_dashboard_port_conflict(ray_start_with_dashboard):
     temp_dir = "/tmp/ray"
     log_dir = "/tmp/ray/session_latest/logs"
     dashboard_cmd = [
-        sys.executable, dashboard.__file__, f"--host={host}", f"--port={port}",
-        f"--temp-dir={temp_dir}", f"--log-dir={log_dir}",
+        sys.executable,
+        dashboard.__file__,
+        f"--host={host}",
+        f"--port={port}",
+        f"--temp-dir={temp_dir}",
+        f"--log-dir={log_dir}",
         f"--redis-address={address_info['redis_address']}",
         f"--redis-password={ray_constants.REDIS_DEFAULT_PASSWORD}",
-        f"--gcs-address={address_info['gcs_address']}"
+        f"--gcs-address={address_info['gcs_address']}",
     ]
     logger.info("The dashboard should be exit: %s", dashboard_cmd)
     p = subprocess.Popen(dashboard_cmd)
@@ -638,7 +624,8 @@ def test_dashboard_port_conflict(ray_start_with_dashboard):
         try:
             dashboard_url = ray.experimental.internal_kv._internal_kv_get(
                 ray_constants.DASHBOARD_ADDRESS,
-                namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD)
+                namespace=ray_constants.KV_NAMESPACE_DASHBOARD,
+            )
             if dashboard_url:
                 new_port = int(dashboard_url.split(b":")[-1])
                 assert new_port > int(port)
@@ -651,8 +638,7 @@ def test_dashboard_port_conflict(ray_start_with_dashboard):
 
 
 def test_gcs_check_alive(fast_gcs_failure_detection, ray_start_with_dashboard):
-    assert (wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"])
-            is True)
+    assert wait_until_server_available(ray_start_with_dashboard["webui_url"]) is True
 
     all_processes = ray.worker._global_node.all_processes
     dashboard_info = all_processes[ray_constants.PROCESS_TYPE_DASHBOARD][0]
@@ -661,7 +647,9 @@ def test_gcs_check_alive(fast_gcs_failure_detection, ray_start_with_dashboard):
     gcs_server_proc = psutil.Process(gcs_server_info.process.pid)
 
     assert dashboard_proc.status() in [
-        psutil.STATUS_RUNNING, psutil.STATUS_SLEEPING, psutil.STATUS_DISK_SLEEP
+        psutil.STATUS_RUNNING,
+        psutil.STATUS_SLEEPING,
+        psutil.STATUS_DISK_SLEEP,
     ]
 
     gcs_server_proc.kill()

dashboard/tests/test_memory_utils.py

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import ray
 from ray.dashboard.memory_utils import (
-    ReferenceType, decode_object_ref_if_needed, MemoryTableEntry, MemoryTable,
-    SortingType)
+    ReferenceType,
+    decode_object_ref_if_needed,
+    MemoryTableEntry,
+    MemoryTable,
+    SortingType,
+)
+
 """Memory Table Unit Test"""
 
 NODE_ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1"
@@ -14,15 +19,17 @@ DECODED_ID = decode_object_ref_if_needed(OBJECT_ID)
 OBJECT_SIZE = 100
 
 
-def build_memory_entry(*,
-                       local_ref_count,
-                       pinned_in_memory,
-                       submitted_task_reference_count,
-                       contained_in_owned,
-                       object_size,
-                       pid,
-                       object_id=OBJECT_ID,
-                       node_address=NODE_ADDRESS):
+def build_memory_entry(
+    *,
+    local_ref_count,
+    pinned_in_memory,
+    submitted_task_reference_count,
+    contained_in_owned,
+    object_size,
+    pid,
+    object_id=OBJECT_ID,
+    node_address=NODE_ADDRESS
+):
     object_ref = {
         "objectId": object_id,
         "callSite": "(task call) /Users:458",
@@ -30,18 +37,16 @@ def build_memory_entry(*,
         "localRefCount": local_ref_count,
         "pinnedInMemory": pinned_in_memory,
         "submittedTaskRefCount": submitted_task_reference_count,
-        "containedInOwned": contained_in_owned
+        "containedInOwned": contained_in_owned,
     }
     return MemoryTableEntry(
-        object_ref=object_ref,
-        node_address=node_address,
-        is_driver=IS_DRIVER,
-        pid=pid)
+        object_ref=object_ref, node_address=node_address, is_driver=IS_DRIVER, pid=pid
+    )
 
 
-def build_local_reference_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
-                                pid=PID,
-                                node_address=NODE_ADDRESS):
+def build_local_reference_entry(
+    object_size=OBJECT_SIZE, pid=PID, node_address=NODE_ADDRESS
+):
     return build_memory_entry(
         local_ref_count=1,
         pinned_in_memory=False,
@@ -49,12 +54,13 @@ def build_local_reference_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
         contained_in_owned=[],
         object_size=object_size,
         pid=pid,
-        node_address=node_address)
+        node_address=node_address,
+    )
 
 
-def build_used_by_pending_task_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
-                                     pid=PID,
-                                     node_address=NODE_ADDRESS):
+def build_used_by_pending_task_entry(
+    object_size=OBJECT_SIZE, pid=PID, node_address=NODE_ADDRESS
+):
     return build_memory_entry(
         local_ref_count=0,
         pinned_in_memory=False,
@@ -62,12 +68,13 @@ def build_used_by_pending_task_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
         contained_in_owned=[],
         object_size=object_size,
         pid=pid,
-        node_address=node_address)
+        node_address=node_address,
+    )
 
 
-def build_captured_in_object_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
-                                   pid=PID,
-                                   node_address=NODE_ADDRESS):
+def build_captured_in_object_entry(
+    object_size=OBJECT_SIZE, pid=PID, node_address=NODE_ADDRESS
+):
     return build_memory_entry(
         local_ref_count=0,
         pinned_in_memory=False,
@@ -75,12 +82,13 @@ def build_captured_in_object_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
         contained_in_owned=[OBJECT_ID],
         object_size=object_size,
         pid=pid,
-        node_address=node_address)
+        node_address=node_address,
+    )
 
 
-def build_actor_handle_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
-                             pid=PID,
-                             node_address=NODE_ADDRESS):
+def build_actor_handle_entry(
+    object_size=OBJECT_SIZE, pid=PID, node_address=NODE_ADDRESS
+):
     return build_memory_entry(
         local_ref_count=1,
         pinned_in_memory=False,
@@ -89,12 +97,13 @@ def build_actor_handle_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
         object_size=object_size,
         pid=pid,
         node_address=node_address,
-        object_id=ACTOR_ID)
+        object_id=ACTOR_ID,
+    )
 
 
-def build_pinned_in_memory_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
-                                 pid=PID,
-                                 node_address=NODE_ADDRESS):
+def build_pinned_in_memory_entry(
+    object_size=OBJECT_SIZE, pid=PID, node_address=NODE_ADDRESS
+):
     return build_memory_entry(
         local_ref_count=0,
         pinned_in_memory=True,
@@ -102,28 +111,36 @@ def build_pinned_in_memory_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
         contained_in_owned=[],
         object_size=object_size,
         pid=pid,
-        node_address=node_address)
+        node_address=node_address,
+    )
 
 
-def build_entry(object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
-                pid=PID,
-                node_address=NODE_ADDRESS,
-                reference_type=ReferenceType.PINNED_IN_MEMORY):
+def build_entry(
+    object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
+    pid=PID,
+    node_address=NODE_ADDRESS,
+    reference_type=ReferenceType.PINNED_IN_MEMORY,
+):
     if reference_type == ReferenceType.USED_BY_PENDING_TASK:
         return build_used_by_pending_task_entry(
-            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address)
+            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address
+        )
     elif reference_type == ReferenceType.LOCAL_REFERENCE:
         return build_local_reference_entry(
-            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address)
+            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address
+        )
     elif reference_type == ReferenceType.PINNED_IN_MEMORY:
         return build_pinned_in_memory_entry(
-            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address)
+            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address
+        )
     elif reference_type == ReferenceType.ACTOR_HANDLE:
         return build_actor_handle_entry(
-            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address)
+            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address
+        )
     elif reference_type == ReferenceType.CAPTURED_IN_OBJECT:
         return build_captured_in_object_entry(
-            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address)
+            pid=pid, object_size=object_size, node_address=node_address
+        )
 
 
 def test_invalid_memory_entry():
@@ -133,7 +150,8 @@ def test_invalid_memory_entry():
         submitted_task_reference_count=0,
         contained_in_owned=[],
         object_size=OBJECT_SIZE,
-        pid=PID)
+        pid=PID,
+    )
     assert memory_entry.is_valid() is False
     memory_entry = build_memory_entry(
         local_ref_count=0,
@@ -141,7 +159,8 @@ def test_invalid_memory_entry():
         submitted_task_reference_count=0,
         contained_in_owned=[],
         object_size=-1,
-        pid=PID)
+        pid=PID,
+    )
     assert memory_entry.is_valid() is False
 
 
@@ -149,7 +168,8 @@ def test_valid_reference_memory_entry():
     memory_entry = build_local_reference_entry()
     assert memory_entry.reference_type == ReferenceType.LOCAL_REFERENCE
     assert memory_entry.object_ref == ray.ObjectRef(
-        decode_object_ref_if_needed(OBJECT_ID))
+        decode_object_ref_if_needed(OBJECT_ID)
+    )
     assert memory_entry.is_valid() is True
 
 
@@ -178,15 +198,14 @@ def test_memory_table_summary():
         build_captured_in_object_entry(),
         build_actor_handle_entry(),
         build_local_reference_entry(),
-        build_local_reference_entry()
+        build_local_reference_entry(),
     ]
     memory_table = MemoryTable(entries)
     assert len(memory_table.group) == 1
     assert memory_table.summary["total_actor_handles"] == 1
     assert memory_table.summary["total_captured_in_objects"] == 1
     assert memory_table.summary["total_local_ref_count"] == 2
-    assert memory_table.summary[
-        "total_object_size"] == len(entries) * OBJECT_SIZE
+    assert memory_table.summary["total_object_size"] == len(entries) * OBJECT_SIZE
     assert memory_table.summary["total_pinned_in_memory"] == 1
     assert memory_table.summary["total_used_by_pending_task"] == 1
 
@@ -202,14 +221,13 @@ def test_memory_table_sort_by_pid():
 
 def test_memory_table_sort_by_reference_type():
     unsort = [
-        ReferenceType.USED_BY_PENDING_TASK, ReferenceType.LOCAL_REFERENCE,
-        ReferenceType.LOCAL_REFERENCE, ReferenceType.PINNED_IN_MEMORY
+        ReferenceType.USED_BY_PENDING_TASK,
+        ReferenceType.LOCAL_REFERENCE,
+        ReferenceType.LOCAL_REFERENCE,
+        ReferenceType.PINNED_IN_MEMORY,
     ]
-    entries = [
-        build_entry(reference_type=reference_type) for reference_type in unsort
-    ]
-    memory_table = MemoryTable(
-        entries, sort_by_type=SortingType.REFERENCE_TYPE)
+    entries = [build_entry(reference_type=reference_type) for reference_type in unsort]
+    memory_table = MemoryTable(entries, sort_by_type=SortingType.REFERENCE_TYPE)
     sort = sorted(unsort)
     for reference_type, entry in zip(sort, memory_table.table):
         assert reference_type == entry.reference_type
@@ -231,7 +249,7 @@ def test_group_by():
         build_entry(node_address=node_second, pid=2),
         build_entry(node_address=node_second, pid=1),
         build_entry(node_address=node_first, pid=2),
-        build_entry(node_address=node_first, pid=1)
+        build_entry(node_address=node_first, pid=1),
     ]
     memory_table = MemoryTable(entries)
 
@@ -250,4 +268,5 @@ def test_group_by():
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import sys
     import pytest
+
     sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))

dashboard/utils.py

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ import aiosignal  # noqa: F401
 from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToDict
 from frozenlist import FrozenList  # noqa: F401
 
-from ray._private.utils import (binary_to_hex,
-                                check_dashboard_dependencies_installed)
+from ray._private.utils import binary_to_hex, check_dashboard_dependencies_installed
 
 try:
     create_task = asyncio.create_task
@@ -97,23 +96,26 @@ def get_all_modules(module_type):
     """
     logger.info(f"Get all modules by type: {module_type.__name__}")
     import ray.dashboard.modules
-    should_only_load_minimal_modules = (
-        not check_dashboard_dependencies_installed())
+
+    should_only_load_minimal_modules = not check_dashboard_dependencies_installed()
 
     for module_loader, name, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(
-            ray.dashboard.modules.__path__,
-            ray.dashboard.modules.__name__ + "."):
+        ray.dashboard.modules.__path__, ray.dashboard.modules.__name__ + "."
+    ):
         try:
             importlib.import_module(name)
         except ModuleNotFoundError as e:
-            logger.info(f"Module {name} cannot be loaded because "
-                        "we cannot import all dependencies. Download "
-                        "`pip install ray[default]` for the full "
-                        f"dashboard functionality. Error: {e}")
+            logger.info(
+                f"Module {name} cannot be loaded because "
+                "we cannot import all dependencies. Download "
+                "`pip install ray[default]` for the full "
+                f"dashboard functionality. Error: {e}"
+            )
             if not should_only_load_minimal_modules:
                 logger.info(
                     "Although `pip install ray[default] is downloaded, "
-                    "module couldn't be imported`")
+                    "module couldn't be imported`"
+                )
                 raise e
 
     imported_modules = []
@@ -202,7 +204,8 @@ def message_to_dict(message, decode_keys=None, **kwargs):
 
     if decode_keys:
         return _decode_keys(
-            MessageToDict(message, use_integers_for_enums=False, **kwargs))
+            MessageToDict(message, use_integers_for_enums=False, **kwargs)
+        )
     else:
         return MessageToDict(message, use_integers_for_enums=False, **kwargs)
 
@@ -251,8 +254,9 @@ class Change:
         self.new = new
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return f"Change(owner: {type(self.owner)}), " \
-               f"old: {self.old}, new: {self.new}"
+        return (
+            f"Change(owner: {type(self.owner)}), " f"old: {self.old}, new: {self.new}"
+        )
 
 
 class NotifyQueue:
@@ -289,10 +293,7 @@ https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html?highlight=json#json.JSONEncoder
     | None              | null          |
     +-------------------+---------------+
 """
-_json_compatible_types = {
-    dict, list, tuple, str, int, float, bool,
-    type(None), bytes
-}
+_json_compatible_types = {dict, list, tuple, str, int, float, bool, type(None), bytes}
 
 
 def is_immutable(self):
@@ -318,8 +319,7 @@ class Immutable(metaclass=ABCMeta):
 
 
 class ImmutableList(Immutable, Sequence):
-    """Makes a :class:`list` immutable.
-    """
+    """Makes a :class:`list` immutable."""
 
     __slots__ = ("_list", "_proxy")
 
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class ImmutableList(Immutable, Sequence):
         self._proxy = [None] * len(list_value)
 
     def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol):
-        return type(self), (self._list, )
+        return type(self), (self._list,)
 
     def mutable(self):
         return self._list
@@ -366,8 +366,7 @@ class ImmutableList(Immutable, Sequence):
 
 
 class ImmutableDict(Immutable, Mapping):
-    """Makes a :class:`dict` immutable.
-    """
+    """Makes a :class:`dict` immutable."""
 
     __slots__ = ("_dict", "_proxy")
 
@@ -380,7 +379,7 @@ class ImmutableDict(Immutable, Mapping):
         self._proxy = {}
 
     def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol):
-        return type(self), (self._dict, )
+        return type(self), (self._dict,)
 
     def mutable(self):
         return self._dict
@@ -443,21 +442,23 @@ class Dict(ImmutableDict, MutableMapping):
         if len(self.signal) and old != value:
             if old is None:
                 co = self.signal.send(
-                    Change(owner=self, new=Dict.ChangeItem(key, value)))
+                    Change(owner=self, new=Dict.ChangeItem(key, value))
+                )
             else:
                 co = self.signal.send(
                     Change(
                         owner=self,
                         old=Dict.ChangeItem(key, old),
-                        new=Dict.ChangeItem(key, value)))
+                        new=Dict.ChangeItem(key, value),
+                    )
+                )
             NotifyQueue.put(co)
 
     def __delitem__(self, key):
         old = self._dict.pop(key, None)
         self._proxy.pop(key, None)
         if len(self.signal) and old is not None:
-            co = self.signal.send(
-                Change(owner=self, old=Dict.ChangeItem(key, old)))
+            co = self.signal.send(Change(owner=self, old=Dict.ChangeItem(key, old)))
             NotifyQueue.put(co)
 
     def reset(self, d):
@@ -482,12 +483,15 @@ def async_loop_forever(interval_seconds, cancellable=False):
                     await coro(*args, **kwargs)
                 except asyncio.CancelledError as ex:
                     if cancellable:
-                        logger.info(f"An async loop forever coroutine "
-                                    f"is cancelled {coro}.")
+                        logger.info(
+                            f"An async loop forever coroutine " f"is cancelled {coro}."
+                        )
                         raise ex
                     else:
-                        logger.exception(f"Can not cancel the async loop "
-                                         f"forever coroutine {coro}.")
+                        logger.exception(
+                            f"Can not cancel the async loop "
+                            f"forever coroutine {coro}."
+                        )
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception(f"Error looping coroutine {coro}.")
                 await asyncio.sleep(interval_seconds)
@@ -497,15 +501,18 @@ def async_loop_forever(interval_seconds, cancellable=False):
     return _wrapper
 
 
-async def get_aioredis_client(redis_address, redis_password,
-                              retry_interval_seconds, retry_times):
+async def get_aioredis_client(
+    redis_address, redis_password, retry_interval_seconds, retry_times
+):
     for x in range(retry_times):
         try:
             return await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
-                address=redis_address, password=redis_password)
+                address=redis_address, password=redis_password
+            )
         except (socket.gaierror, ConnectionError) as ex:
             logger.error("Connect to Redis failed: %s, retry...", ex)
             await asyncio.sleep(retry_interval_seconds)
     # Raise exception from create_redis_pool
     return await aioredis.create_redis_pool(
-        address=redis_address, password=redis_password)
+        address=redis_address, password=redis_password
+    )

doc/kubernetes/example_scripts/job_example.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from collections import Counter
 import sys
 import time
 import ray
+
 """ This script is meant to be run from a pod in the same Kubernetes namespace
 as your Ray cluster.
 """
@@ -11,8 +12,9 @@ as your Ray cluster.
 def gethostname(x):
     import platform
     import time
+
     time.sleep(0.01)
-    return x + (platform.node(), )
+    return x + (platform.node(),)
 
 
 def wait_for_nodes(expected):
@@ -22,8 +24,11 @@ def wait_for_nodes(expected):
         node_keys = [key for key in resources if "node" in key]
         num_nodes = sum(resources[node_key] for node_key in node_keys)
         if num_nodes < expected:
-            print("{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
-                num_nodes, expected - num_nodes))
+            print(
+                "{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
+                    num_nodes, expected - num_nodes
+                )
+            )
             sys.stdout.flush()
             time.sleep(1)
         else:
@@ -36,9 +41,7 @@ def main():
     # Check that objects can be transferred from each node to each other node.
     for i in range(10):
         print("Iteration {}".format(i))
-        results = [
-            gethostname.remote(gethostname.remote(())) for _ in range(100)
-        ]
+        results = [gethostname.remote(gethostname.remote(())) for _ in range(100)]
         print(Counter(ray.get(results)))
         sys.stdout.flush()
 

doc/kubernetes/example_scripts/run_local_example.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from collections import Counter
 import sys
 import time
 import ray
+
 """ Run this script locally to execute a Ray program on your Ray cluster on
 Kubernetes.
 
@@ -18,8 +19,9 @@ LOCAL_PORT = 10001
 def gethostname(x):
     import platform
     import time
+
     time.sleep(0.01)
-    return x + (platform.node(), )
+    return x + (platform.node(),)
 
 
 def wait_for_nodes(expected):
@@ -29,8 +31,11 @@ def wait_for_nodes(expected):
         node_keys = [key for key in resources if "node" in key]
         num_nodes = sum(resources[node_key] for node_key in node_keys)
         if num_nodes < expected:
-            print("{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
-                num_nodes, expected - num_nodes))
+            print(
+                "{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
+                    num_nodes, expected - num_nodes
+                )
+            )
             sys.stdout.flush()
             time.sleep(1)
         else:
@@ -43,9 +48,7 @@ def main():
     # Check that objects can be transferred from each node to each other node.
     for i in range(10):
         print("Iteration {}".format(i))
-        results = [
-            gethostname.remote(gethostname.remote(())) for _ in range(100)
-        ]
+        results = [gethostname.remote(gethostname.remote(())) for _ in range(100)]
         print(Counter(ray.get(results)))
         sys.stdout.flush()
 

doc/kubernetes/example_scripts/run_on_head.py

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ import ray
 def gethostname(x):
     import platform
     import time
+
     time.sleep(0.01)
-    return x + (platform.node(), )
+    return x + (platform.node(),)
 
 
 def wait_for_nodes(expected):
@@ -21,8 +22,11 @@ def wait_for_nodes(expected):
         node_keys = [key for key in resources if "node" in key]
         num_nodes = sum(resources[node_key] for node_key in node_keys)
         if num_nodes < expected:
-            print("{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
-                num_nodes, expected - num_nodes))
+            print(
+                "{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
+                    num_nodes, expected - num_nodes
+                )
+            )
             sys.stdout.flush()
             time.sleep(1)
         else:
@@ -35,9 +39,7 @@ def main():
     # Check that objects can be transferred from each node to each other node.
     for i in range(10):
         print("Iteration {}".format(i))
-        results = [
-            gethostname.remote(gethostname.remote(())) for _ in range(100)
-        ]
+        results = [gethostname.remote(gethostname.remote(())) for _ in range(100)]
         print(Counter(ray.get(results)))
         sys.stdout.flush()
 

doc/source/cluster/examples/slurm-launch.py

@@ -25,24 +25,24 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "--exp-name",
         type=str,
         required=True,
-        help="The job name and path to logging file (exp_name.log).")
+        help="The job name and path to logging file (exp_name.log).",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--num-nodes",
-        "-n",
-        type=int,
-        default=1,
-        help="Number of nodes to use.")
+        "--num-nodes", "-n", type=int, default=1, help="Number of nodes to use."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--node",
         "-w",
         type=str,
         help="The specified nodes to use. Same format as the "
-        "return of 'sinfo'. Default: ''.")
+        "return of 'sinfo'. Default: ''.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--num-gpus",
         type=int,
         default=0,
-        help="Number of GPUs to use in each node. (Default: 0)")
+        help="Number of GPUs to use in each node. (Default: 0)",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--partition",
         "-p",
@@ -51,14 +51,16 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser.add_argument(
         "--load-env",
         type=str,
-        help="The script to load your environment ('module load cuda/10.1')")
+        help="The script to load your environment ('module load cuda/10.1')",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--command",
         type=str,
         required=True,
         help="The command you wish to execute. For example: "
         " --command 'python test.py'. "
-        "Note that the command must be a string.")
+        "Note that the command must be a string.",
+    )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     if args.node:
@@ -67,11 +69,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     else:
         node_info = ""
 
-    job_name = "{}_{}".format(args.exp_name,
-                              time.strftime("%m%d-%H%M", time.localtime()))
+    job_name = "{}_{}".format(
+        args.exp_name, time.strftime("%m%d-%H%M", time.localtime())
+    )
 
-    partition_option = "#SBATCH --partition={}".format(
-        args.partition) if args.partition else ""
+    partition_option = (
+        "#SBATCH --partition={}".format(args.partition) if args.partition else ""
+    )
 
     # ===== Modified the template script =====
     with open(template_file, "r") as f:
@@ -84,10 +88,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     text = text.replace(LOAD_ENV, str(args.load_env))
     text = text.replace(GIVEN_NODE, node_info)
     text = text.replace(
-        "# THIS FILE IS A TEMPLATE AND IT SHOULD NOT BE DEPLOYED TO "
-        "PRODUCTION!",
+        "# THIS FILE IS A TEMPLATE AND IT SHOULD NOT BE DEPLOYED TO " "PRODUCTION!",
         "# THIS FILE IS MODIFIED AUTOMATICALLY FROM TEMPLATE AND SHOULD BE "
-        "RUNNABLE!")
+        "RUNNABLE!",
+    )
 
     # ===== Save the script =====
     script_file = "{}.sh".format(job_name)
@@ -99,5 +103,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     subprocess.Popen(["sbatch", script_file])
     print(
         "Job submitted! Script file is at: <{}>. Log file is at: <{}>".format(
-            script_file, "{}.log".format(job_name)))
+            script_file, "{}.log".format(job_name)
+        )
+    )
     sys.exit(0)

doc/source/conf.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ myst_enable_extensions = [
 ]
 
 external_toc_exclude_missing = False
-external_toc_path = '_toc.yml'
+external_toc_path = "_toc.yml"
 
 # There's a flaky autodoc import for "TensorFlowVariables" that fails depending on the doc structure / order
 # of imports.
@@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ versionwarning_messages = {
         "<b>Got questions?</b> Join "
         f'<a href="{FORUM_LINK}">the Ray Community forum</a> '
         "for Q&A on all things Ray, as well as to share and learn use cases "
-        "and best practices with the Ray community."),
+        "and best practices with the Ray community."
+    ),
 }
 
 versionwarning_body_selector = "#main-content"
@@ -189,11 +190,16 @@ exclude_patterns += sphinx_gallery_conf["examples_dirs"]
 # If "DOC_LIB" is found, only build that top-level navigation item.
 build_one_lib = os.getenv("DOC_LIB")
 
-all_toc_libs = [
-    f.path for f in os.scandir(".") if f.is_dir() and "ray-" in f.path
-]
+all_toc_libs = [f.path for f in os.scandir(".") if f.is_dir() and "ray-" in f.path]
 all_toc_libs += [
-    "cluster", "tune", "data", "raysgd", "train", "rllib", "serve", "workflows"
+    "cluster",
+    "tune",
+    "data",
+    "raysgd",
+    "train",
+    "rllib",
+    "serve",
+    "workflows",
 ]
 if build_one_lib and build_one_lib in all_toc_libs:
     all_toc_libs.remove(build_one_lib)
@@ -405,7 +411,8 @@ def setup(app):
     # Custom JS
     app.add_js_file(
         "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js",
-        defer="defer")
+        defer="defer",
+    )
     app.add_js_file("js/docsearch.js", defer="defer")
     # Custom Sphinx directives
     app.add_directive("customgalleryitem", CustomGalleryItemDirective)

doc/source/custom_directives.py

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@ from docutils import nodes
 import os
 import sphinx_gallery
 import urllib
+
 # Note: the scipy import has to stay here, it's used implicitly down the line
 import scipy.stats  # noqa: F401
 import scipy.linalg  # noqa: F401
 
 __all__ = [
-    "CustomGalleryItemDirective", "fix_xgb_lgbm_docs", "MOCK_MODULES",
-    "CHILD_MOCK_MODULES", "update_context"
+    "CustomGalleryItemDirective",
+    "fix_xgb_lgbm_docs",
+    "MOCK_MODULES",
+    "CHILD_MOCK_MODULES",
+    "update_context",
 ]
 
 try:
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ class CustomGalleryItemDirective(Directive):
     option_spec = {
         "tooltip": directives.unchanged,
         "figure": directives.unchanged,
-        "description": directives.unchanged
+        "description": directives.unchanged,
     }
 
     has_content = False
@@ -73,8 +77,9 @@ class CustomGalleryItemDirective(Directive):
             if len(self.options["tooltip"]) > 195:
                 tooltip = tooltip[:195] + "..."
         else:
-            raise ValueError("Need to provide :tooltip: under "
-                             "`.. customgalleryitem::`.")
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Need to provide :tooltip: under " "`.. customgalleryitem::`."
+            )
 
         # Generate `thumbnail` used in the gallery.
         if "figure" in self.options:
@@ -95,11 +100,13 @@ class CustomGalleryItemDirective(Directive):
         if "description" in self.options:
             description = self.options["description"]
         else:
-            raise ValueError("Need to provide :description: under "
-                             "`customgalleryitem::`.")
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Need to provide :description: under " "`customgalleryitem::`."
+            )
 
         thumbnail_rst = GALLERY_TEMPLATE.format(
-            tooltip=tooltip, thumbnail=thumbnail, description=description)
+            tooltip=tooltip, thumbnail=thumbnail, description=description
+        )
         thumbnail = StringList(thumbnail_rst.split("\n"))
         thumb = nodes.paragraph()
         self.state.nested_parse(thumbnail, self.content_offset, thumb)
@@ -146,29 +153,30 @@ def fix_xgb_lgbm_docs(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
 
 
 # Taken from https://github.com/edx/edx-documentation
-FEEDBACK_FORM_FMT = "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/new?" \
-                    "title={title}&labels=docs&body={body}"
+FEEDBACK_FORM_FMT = (
+    "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/new?"
+    "title={title}&labels=docs&body={body}"
+)
 
 
 def feedback_form_url(project, page):
     """Create a URL for feedback on a particular page in a project."""
     return FEEDBACK_FORM_FMT.format(
-        title=urllib.parse.quote(
-            "[docs] Issue on `{page}.rst`".format(page=page)),
+        title=urllib.parse.quote("[docs] Issue on `{page}.rst`".format(page=page)),
         body=urllib.parse.quote(
             "# Documentation Problem/Question/Comment\n"
             "<!-- Describe your issue/question/comment below. -->\n"
             "<!-- If there are typos or errors in the docs, feel free "
             "to create a pull-request. -->\n"
             "\n\n\n\n"
-            "(Created directly from the docs)\n"),
+            "(Created directly from the docs)\n"
+        ),
     )
 
 
 def update_context(app, pagename, templatename, context, doctree):
     """Update the page rendering context to include ``feedback_form_url``."""
-    context["feedback_form_url"] = feedback_form_url(app.config.project,
-                                                     pagename)
+    context["feedback_form_url"] = feedback_form_url(app.config.project, pagename)
 
 
 MOCK_MODULES = [
@@ -187,8 +195,7 @@ MOCK_MODULES = [
     "horovod.ray.runner",
     "horovod.ray.utils",
     "hyperopt",
-    "hyperopt.hp"
-    "kubernetes",
+    "hyperopt.hp" "kubernetes",
     "mlflow",
     "modin",
     "mxnet",

doc/source/data/_examples/big_data_ingestion.py

@@ -59,13 +59,16 @@ from ray.data.datasource.datasource import RandomIntRowDatasource
 # Let’s see how we implement such pipeline using Ray Dataset:
 
 
-def create_shuffle_pipeline(training_data_dir: str, num_epochs: int,
-                            num_shards: int) -> List[DatasetPipeline]:
+def create_shuffle_pipeline(
+    training_data_dir: str, num_epochs: int, num_shards: int
+) -> List[DatasetPipeline]:
 
-    return ray.data.read_parquet(training_data_dir) \
-        .repeat(num_epochs) \
-        .random_shuffle_each_window() \
+    return (
+        ray.data.read_parquet(training_data_dir)
+        .repeat(num_epochs)
+        .random_shuffle_each_window()
         .split(num_shards, equal=True)
+    )
 
 
 ############################################################################
@@ -117,7 +120,8 @@ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 parser.add_argument(
     "--large-scale-test",
     action="store_true",
-    help="Run large scale test (500GiB of data).")
+    help="Run large scale test (500GiB of data).",
+)
 
 args, _ = parser.parse_known_args()
 
@@ -142,13 +146,15 @@ if not args.large_scale_test:
         ray.data.read_datasource(
             RandomIntRowDatasource(),
             n=size_bytes // 8 // NUM_COLUMNS,
-            num_columns=NUM_COLUMNS).write_parquet(tmpdir)
+            num_columns=NUM_COLUMNS,
+        ).write_parquet(tmpdir)
         return tmpdir
 
     example_files_dir = generate_example_files(SIZE_100MiB)
 
-    splits = create_shuffle_pipeline(example_files_dir, NUM_EPOCHS,
-                                     NUM_TRAINING_WORKERS)
+    splits = create_shuffle_pipeline(
+        example_files_dir, NUM_EPOCHS, NUM_TRAINING_WORKERS
+    )
 
     training_workers = [
         TrainingWorker.remote(rank, shard) for rank, shard in enumerate(splits)
@@ -198,18 +204,22 @@ if not args.large_scale_test:
 # generated data.
 
 
-def create_large_shuffle_pipeline(data_size_bytes: int, num_epochs: int,
-                                  num_columns: int,
-                                  num_shards: int) -> List[DatasetPipeline]:
+def create_large_shuffle_pipeline(
+    data_size_bytes: int, num_epochs: int, num_columns: int, num_shards: int
+) -> List[DatasetPipeline]:
     # _spread_resource_prefix is used to ensure tasks are evenly spread to all
     # CPU nodes.
-    return ray.data.read_datasource(
-            RandomIntRowDatasource(), n=data_size_bytes // 8 // num_columns,
+    return (
+        ray.data.read_datasource(
+            RandomIntRowDatasource(),
+            n=data_size_bytes // 8 // num_columns,
             num_columns=num_columns,
-            _spread_resource_prefix="node:") \
-        .repeat(num_epochs) \
-        .random_shuffle_each_window(_spread_resource_prefix="node:") \
+            _spread_resource_prefix="node:",
+        )
+        .repeat(num_epochs)
+        .random_shuffle_each_window(_spread_resource_prefix="node:")
         .split(num_shards, equal=True)
+    )
 
 
 #################################################################################
@@ -229,19 +239,18 @@ if args.large_scale_test:
 
     # waiting for cluster nodes to come up.
     while len(ray.nodes()) < TOTAL_NUM_NODES:
-        print(
-            f"waiting for nodes to start up: {len(ray.nodes())}/{TOTAL_NUM_NODES}"
-        )
+        print(f"waiting for nodes to start up: {len(ray.nodes())}/{TOTAL_NUM_NODES}")
         time.sleep(5)
 
-    splits = create_large_shuffle_pipeline(SIZE_500GiB, NUM_EPOCHS,
-                                           NUM_COLUMNS, NUM_TRAINING_WORKERS)
+    splits = create_large_shuffle_pipeline(
+        SIZE_500GiB, NUM_EPOCHS, NUM_COLUMNS, NUM_TRAINING_WORKERS
+    )
 
     # Note we set num_gpus=1 for workers so that
     # the workers will only run on GPU nodes.
     training_workers = [
-        TrainingWorker.options(num_gpus=1) \
-            .remote(rank, shard) for rank, shard in enumerate(splits)
+        TrainingWorker.options(num_gpus=1).remote(rank, shard)
+        for rank, shard in enumerate(splits)
     ]
 
     start = time.time()

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/cython/cython_examples/__init__.py

@@ -4,21 +4,30 @@ import pyximport
 
 pyximport.install(setup_args={"include_dirs": numpy.get_include()})
 
-from .cython_simple import simple_func, fib, fib_int, \
-        fib_cpdef, fib_cdef, simple_class
+from .cython_simple import simple_func, fib, fib_int, fib_cpdef, fib_cdef, simple_class
 from .masked_log import masked_log
 
-from .cython_blas import \
-        compute_self_corr_for_voxel_sel, \
-        compute_kernel_matrix, \
-        compute_single_self_corr_syrk, \
-        compute_single_self_corr_gemm, \
-        compute_corr_vectors, \
-        compute_single_matrix_multiplication
+from .cython_blas import (
+    compute_self_corr_for_voxel_sel,
+    compute_kernel_matrix,
+    compute_single_self_corr_syrk,
+    compute_single_self_corr_gemm,
+    compute_corr_vectors,
+    compute_single_matrix_multiplication,
+)
 
 __all__ = [
-    "simple_func", "fib", "fib_int", "fib_cpdef", "fib_cdef", "simple_class",
-    "masked_log", "compute_self_corr_for_voxel_sel", "compute_kernel_matrix",
-    "compute_single_self_corr_syrk", "compute_single_self_corr_gemm",
-    "compute_corr_vectors", "compute_single_matrix_multiplication"
+    "simple_func",
+    "fib",
+    "fib_int",
+    "fib_cpdef",
+    "fib_cdef",
+    "simple_class",
+    "masked_log",
+    "compute_self_corr_for_voxel_sel",
+    "compute_kernel_matrix",
+    "compute_single_self_corr_syrk",
+    "compute_single_self_corr_gemm",
+    "compute_corr_vectors",
+    "compute_single_matrix_multiplication",
 ]

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/cython/cython_main.py

@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ def example8():
 
     # See cython_blas.pyx for argument documentation
     mat = np.array(
-        [[[2.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]], [[2.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]]], dtype=np.float32)
+        [[[2.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]], [[2.0, 2.0], [2.0, 2.0]]], dtype=np.float32
+    )
     result = np.zeros((2, 2), np.float32, order="C")
 
-    run_func(cyth.compute_kernel_matrix, "L", "T", 2, 2, 1.0, mat, 0, 2, 1.0,
-             result, 2)
+    run_func(cyth.compute_kernel_matrix, "L", "T", 2, 2, 1.0, mat, 0, 2, 1.0, result, 2)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/cython/setup.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ include_dirs = [numpy.get_include()]
 # dependencies
 try:
     import scipy  # noqa
+
     modules.append("cython_blas.pyx")
     install_requires.append("scipy")
 except ImportError as e:  # noqa
@@ -27,4 +28,5 @@ setup(
     packages=[pkg_dir],
     ext_modules=cythonize(modules),
     install_requires=install_requires,
-    include_dirs=include_dirs)
+    include_dirs=include_dirs,
+)

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/cython/tests/test_cython.py

@@ -56,4 +56,5 @@ class CythonTest(unittest.TestCase):
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import pytest
     import sys
+
     sys.exit(pytest.main(["-v", __file__]))

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/dask_xgboost/dask_xgboost.py

@@ -65,31 +65,34 @@ from ray.util.dask import ray_dask_get
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 parser.add_argument(
-    "--address", type=str, default="auto", help="The address to use for Ray.")
+    "--address", type=str, default="auto", help="The address to use for Ray."
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--smoke-test",
     action="store_true",
-    help="Read a smaller dataset for quick testing purposes.")
+    help="Read a smaller dataset for quick testing purposes.",
+)
 parser.add_argument(
-    "--num-actors",
-    type=int,
-    default=4,
-    help="Sets number of actors for training.")
+    "--num-actors", type=int, default=4, help="Sets number of actors for training."
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--cpus-per-actor",
     type=int,
     default=6,
-    help="The number of CPUs per actor for training.")
+    help="The number of CPUs per actor for training.",
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--num-actors-inference",
     type=int,
     default=16,
-    help="Sets number of actors for inference.")
+    help="Sets number of actors for inference.",
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--cpus-per-actor-inference",
     type=int,
     default=2,
-    help="The number of CPUs per actor for inference.")
+    help="The number of CPUs per actor for inference.",
+)
 # Ignore -f from ipykernel_launcher
 args, _ = parser.parse_known_args()
 
@@ -125,12 +128,13 @@ if not ray.is_initialized():
 LABEL_COLUMN = "label"
 if smoke_test:
     # Test dataset with only 10,000 records.
-    FILE_URL = "https://ray-ci-higgs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/simpleHIGGS" \
-               ".csv"
+    FILE_URL = "https://ray-ci-higgs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/simpleHIGGS" ".csv"
 else:
     # Full dataset. This may take a couple of minutes to load.
-    FILE_URL = "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases" \
-               "/00280/HIGGS.csv.gz"
+    FILE_URL = (
+        "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases"
+        "/00280/HIGGS.csv.gz"
+    )
 colnames = [LABEL_COLUMN] + ["feature-%02d" % i for i in range(1, 29)]
 dask.config.set(scheduler=ray_dask_get)
 
@@ -192,7 +196,8 @@ def train_xgboost(config, train_df, test_df, target_column, ray_params):
         dtrain=train_set,
         evals=[(test_set, "eval")],
         evals_result=evals_result,
-        ray_params=ray_params)
+        ray_params=ray_params,
+    )
 
     train_end_time = time.time()
     train_duration = train_end_time - train_start_time
@@ -200,8 +205,7 @@ def train_xgboost(config, train_df, test_df, target_column, ray_params):
 
     model_path = "model.xgb"
     bst.save_model(model_path)
-    print("Final validation error: {:.4f}".format(
-        evals_result["eval"]["error"][-1]))
+    print("Final validation error: {:.4f}".format(evals_result["eval"]["error"][-1]))
 
     return bst, evals_result
 
@@ -221,8 +225,12 @@ config = {
 }
 
 bst, evals_result = train_xgboost(
-    config, train_df, eval_df, LABEL_COLUMN,
-    RayParams(cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor, num_actors=num_actors))
+    config,
+    train_df,
+    eval_df,
+    LABEL_COLUMN,
+    RayParams(cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor, num_actors=num_actors),
+)
 print(f"Results: {evals_result}")
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -260,13 +268,12 @@ def tune_xgboost(train_df, test_df, target_column):
         "eval_metric": ["logloss", "error"],
         "eta": tune.loguniform(1e-4, 1e-1),
         "subsample": tune.uniform(0.5, 1.0),
-        "max_depth": tune.randint(1, 9)
+        "max_depth": tune.randint(1, 9),
     }
 
     ray_params = RayParams(
-        max_actor_restarts=1,
-        cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor,
-        num_actors=num_actors)
+        max_actor_restarts=1, cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor, num_actors=num_actors
+    )
 
     tune_start_time = time.time()
 
@@ -276,19 +283,21 @@ def tune_xgboost(train_df, test_df, target_column):
             train_df=train_df,
             test_df=test_df,
             target_column=target_column,
-            ray_params=ray_params),
+            ray_params=ray_params,
+        ),
         # Use the `get_tune_resources` helper function to set the resources.
         resources_per_trial=ray_params.get_tune_resources(),
         config=config,
         num_samples=10,
         metric="eval-error",
-        mode="min")
+        mode="min",
+    )
 
     tune_end_time = time.time()
     tune_duration = tune_end_time - tune_start_time
     print(f"Total time taken: {tune_duration} seconds.")
 
-    accuracy = 1. - analysis.best_result["eval-error"]
+    accuracy = 1.0 - analysis.best_result["eval-error"]
     print(f"Best model parameters: {analysis.best_config}")
     print(f"Best model total accuracy: {accuracy:.4f}")
 
@@ -315,7 +324,8 @@ results = predict(
     bst,
     inference_df,
     ray_params=RayParams(
-        cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor_inference,
-        num_actors=num_actors_inference))
+        cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor_inference, num_actors=num_actors_inference
+    ),
+)
 
 print(results)

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/datasets_train/datasets_train.py

@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ def make_and_upload_dataset(dir_path):
             shift=0.0,
             scale=1.0,
             shuffle=False,
-            random_state=seed)
+            random_state=seed,
+        )
 
         # turn into dataframe with column names
         col_names = ["feature_%0d" % i for i in range(1, d + 1, 1)]
@@ -91,10 +92,8 @@ def make_and_upload_dataset(dir_path):
         path = os.path.join(data_path, f"data_{i:05d}.parquet.snappy")
         if not os.path.exists(path):
             tmp_df = create_data_chunk(
-                n=PARQUET_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE,
-                d=NUM_FEATURES,
-                seed=i,
-                include_label=True)
+                n=PARQUET_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE, d=NUM_FEATURES, seed=i, include_label=True
+            )
             tmp_df.to_parquet(path, compression="snappy", index=False)
         print(f"Wrote {path} to disk...")
         # todo: at large enough scale we might want to upload the rest after
@@ -108,10 +107,8 @@ def make_and_upload_dataset(dir_path):
         path = os.path.join(inference_path, f"data_{i:05d}.parquet.snappy")
         if not os.path.exists(path):
             tmp_df = create_data_chunk(
-                n=PARQUET_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE,
-                d=NUM_FEATURES,
-                seed=i,
-                include_label=False)
+                n=PARQUET_FILE_CHUNK_SIZE, d=NUM_FEATURES, seed=i, include_label=False
+            )
             tmp_df.to_parquet(path, compression="snappy", index=False)
         print(f"Wrote {path} to disk...")
         # todo: at large enough scale we might want to upload the rest after
@@ -124,8 +121,9 @@ def make_and_upload_dataset(dir_path):
 
 def read_dataset(path: str) -> ray.data.Dataset:
     print(f"reading data from {path}")
-    return ray.data.read_parquet(path, _spread_resource_prefix="node:") \
-        .random_shuffle(_spread_resource_prefix="node:")
+    return ray.data.read_parquet(path, _spread_resource_prefix="node:").random_shuffle(
+        _spread_resource_prefix="node:"
+    )
 
 
 class DataPreprocessor:
@@ -141,20 +139,20 @@ class DataPreprocessor:
         # columns.
         self.standard_stats = None
 
-    def preprocess_train_data(self, ds: ray.data.Dataset
-                              ) -> Tuple[ray.data.Dataset, ray.data.Dataset]:
+    def preprocess_train_data(
+        self, ds: ray.data.Dataset
+    ) -> Tuple[ray.data.Dataset, ray.data.Dataset]:
         print("\n\nPreprocessing training dataset.\n")
         return self._preprocess(ds, False)
 
-    def preprocess_inference_data(self,
-                                  df: ray.data.Dataset) -> ray.data.Dataset:
+    def preprocess_inference_data(self, df: ray.data.Dataset) -> ray.data.Dataset:
         print("\n\nPreprocessing inference dataset.\n")
         return self._preprocess(df, True)[0]
 
-    def _preprocess(self, ds: ray.data.Dataset, inferencing: bool
-                    ) -> Tuple[ray.data.Dataset, ray.data.Dataset]:
-        print(
-            "\nStep 1: Dropping nulls, creating new_col, updating feature_1\n")
+    def _preprocess(
+        self, ds: ray.data.Dataset, inferencing: bool
+    ) -> Tuple[ray.data.Dataset, ray.data.Dataset]:
+        print("\nStep 1: Dropping nulls, creating new_col, updating feature_1\n")
 
         def batch_transformer(df: pd.DataFrame):
             # Disable chained assignment warning.
@@ -165,25 +163,27 @@ class DataPreprocessor:
 
             # Add new column.
             df["new_col"] = (
-                df["feature_1"] - 2 * df["feature_2"] + df["feature_3"]) / 3.
+                df["feature_1"] - 2 * df["feature_2"] + df["feature_3"]
+            ) / 3.0
 
             # Transform column.
-            df["feature_1"] = 2. * df["feature_1"] + 0.1
+            df["feature_1"] = 2.0 * df["feature_1"] + 0.1
 
             return df
 
         ds = ds.map_batches(batch_transformer, batch_format="pandas")
 
-        print("\nStep 2: Precalculating fruit-grouped mean for new column and "
-              "for one-hot encoding (latter only uses fruit groups)\n")
+        print(
+            "\nStep 2: Precalculating fruit-grouped mean for new column and "
+            "for one-hot encoding (latter only uses fruit groups)\n"
+        )
         agg_ds = ds.groupby("fruit").mean("feature_1")
-        fruit_means = {
-            r["fruit"]: r["mean(feature_1)"]
-            for r in agg_ds.take_all()
-        }
+        fruit_means = {r["fruit"]: r["mean(feature_1)"] for r in agg_ds.take_all()}
 
-        print("\nStep 3: create mean_by_fruit as mean of feature_1 groupby "
-              "fruit; one-hot encode fruit column\n")
+        print(
+            "\nStep 3: create mean_by_fruit as mean of feature_1 groupby "
+            "fruit; one-hot encode fruit column\n"
+        )
 
         if inferencing:
             assert self.fruits is not None
@@ -192,8 +192,7 @@ class DataPreprocessor:
             self.fruits = list(fruit_means.keys())
 
         fruit_one_hots = {
-            fruit: collections.defaultdict(int, fruit=1)
-            for fruit in self.fruits
+            fruit: collections.defaultdict(int, fruit=1) for fruit in self.fruits
         }
 
         def batch_transformer(df: pd.DataFrame):
@@ -224,12 +223,12 @@ class DataPreprocessor:
             # Split into 90% training set, 10% test set.
             train_ds, test_ds = ds.split_at_indices([split_index])
 
-            print("\nStep 4b: Precalculate training dataset stats for "
-                  "standard scaling\n")
+            print(
+                "\nStep 4b: Precalculate training dataset stats for "
+                "standard scaling\n"
+            )
             # Calculate stats needed for standard scaling feature columns.
-            feature_columns = [
-                col for col in train_ds.schema().names if col != "label"
-            ]
+            feature_columns = [col for col in train_ds.schema().names if col != "label"]
             standard_aggs = [
                 agg(on=col) for col in feature_columns for agg in (Mean, Std)
             ]
@@ -252,30 +251,29 @@ class DataPreprocessor:
 
         if inferencing:
             # Apply standard scaling to inference dataset.
-            inference_ds = ds.map_batches(
-                batch_standard_scaler, batch_format="pandas")
+            inference_ds = ds.map_batches(batch_standard_scaler, batch_format="pandas")
             return inference_ds, None
         else:
             # Apply standard scaling to both training dataset and test dataset.
             train_ds = train_ds.map_batches(
-                batch_standard_scaler, batch_format="pandas")
-            test_ds = test_ds.map_batches(
-                batch_standard_scaler, batch_format="pandas")
+                batch_standard_scaler, batch_format="pandas"
+            )
+            test_ds = test_ds.map_batches(batch_standard_scaler, batch_format="pandas")
             return train_ds, test_ds
 
 
-def inference(dataset, model_cls: type, batch_size: int, result_path: str,
-              use_gpu: bool):
+def inference(
+    dataset, model_cls: type, batch_size: int, result_path: str, use_gpu: bool
+):
     print("inferencing...")
     num_gpus = 1 if use_gpu else 0
-    dataset \
-        .map_batches(
-            model_cls,
-            compute="actors",
-            batch_size=batch_size,
-            num_gpus=num_gpus,
-            num_cpus=0) \
-        .write_parquet(result_path)
+    dataset.map_batches(
+        model_cls,
+        compute="actors",
+        batch_size=batch_size,
+        num_gpus=num_gpus,
+        num_cpus=0,
+    ).write_parquet(result_path)
 
 
 """
@@ -295,8 +293,7 @@ P1:
 
 
 class Net(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, n_layers, n_features, num_hidden, dropout_every,
-                 drop_prob):
+    def __init__(self, n_layers, n_features, num_hidden, dropout_every, drop_prob):
         super().__init__()
         self.n_layers = n_layers
         self.dropout_every = dropout_every
@@ -406,8 +403,9 @@ def train_func(config):
     print("Defining model, loss, and optimizer...")
 
     # Setup device.
-    device = torch.device(f"cuda:{train.local_rank()}"
-                          if use_gpu and torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+    device = torch.device(
+        f"cuda:{train.local_rank()}" if use_gpu and torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
+    )
     print(f"Device: {device}")
 
     # Setup data.
@@ -415,7 +413,8 @@ def train_func(config):
     train_dataset_epoch_iterator = train_dataset_pipeline.iter_epochs()
     test_dataset = train.get_dataset_shard("test_dataset")
     test_torch_dataset = test_dataset.to_torch(
-        label_column="label", batch_size=batch_size)
+        label_column="label", batch_size=batch_size
+    )
 
     net = Net(
         n_layers=num_layers,
@@ -436,30 +435,37 @@ def train_func(config):
         train_dataset = next(train_dataset_epoch_iterator)
 
         train_torch_dataset = train_dataset.to_torch(
-            label_column="label", batch_size=batch_size)
+            label_column="label", batch_size=batch_size
+        )
 
         train_running_loss, train_num_correct, train_num_total = train_epoch(
-            train_torch_dataset, net, device, criterion, optimizer)
+            train_torch_dataset, net, device, criterion, optimizer
+        )
         train_acc = train_num_correct / train_num_total
-        print(f"epoch [{epoch + 1}]: training accuracy: "
-              f"{train_num_correct} / {train_num_total} = {train_acc:.4f}")
+        print(
+            f"epoch [{epoch + 1}]: training accuracy: "
+            f"{train_num_correct} / {train_num_total} = {train_acc:.4f}"
+        )
 
         test_running_loss, test_num_correct, test_num_total = test_epoch(
-            test_torch_dataset, net, device, criterion)
+            test_torch_dataset, net, device, criterion
+        )
         test_acc = test_num_correct / test_num_total
-        print(f"epoch [{epoch + 1}]: testing accuracy: "
-              f"{test_num_correct} / {test_num_total} = {test_acc:.4f}")
+        print(
+            f"epoch [{epoch + 1}]: testing accuracy: "
+            f"{test_num_correct} / {test_num_total} = {test_acc:.4f}"
+        )
 
         # Record and log stats.
         train.report(
             train_acc=train_acc,
             train_loss=train_running_loss,
             test_acc=test_acc,
-            test_loss=test_running_loss)
+            test_loss=test_running_loss,
+        )
 
         # Checkpoint model.
-        module = (net.module
-                  if isinstance(net, DistributedDataParallel) else net)
+        module = net.module if isinstance(net, DistributedDataParallel) else net
         train.save_checkpoint(model_state_dict=module.state_dict())
 
     if train.world_rank() == 0:
@@ -469,46 +475,44 @@ def train_func(config):
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--dir-path",
-        default=".",
-        type=str,
-        help="Path to read and write data from")
+        "--dir-path", default=".", type=str, help="Path to read and write data from"
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--use-s3",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="Use data from s3 for testing.")
+        help="Use data from s3 for testing.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--smoke-test",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="Finish quickly for testing.")
+        help="Finish quickly for testing.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--address",
         required=False,
         type=str,
-        help="The address to use for Ray. "
-        "`auto` if running through `ray submit.")
+        help="The address to use for Ray. " "`auto` if running through `ray submit.",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--num-workers",
         default=1,
         type=int,
-        help="The number of Ray workers to use for distributed training")
+        help="The number of Ray workers to use for distributed training",
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--large-dataset",
-        action="store_true",
-        default=False,
-        help="Use 500GB dataset")
+        "--large-dataset", action="store_true", default=False, help="Use 500GB dataset"
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--use-gpu",
-        action="store_true",
-        default=False,
-        help="Use GPU for training.")
+        "--use-gpu", action="store_true", default=False, help="Use GPU for training."
+    )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--mlflow-register-model",
         action="store_true",
         help="Whether to use mlflow model registry. If set, a local MLflow "
-        "tracking server is expected to have already been started.")
+        "tracking server is expected to have already been started.",
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     smoke_test = args.smoke_test
@@ -553,8 +557,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         if len(list(count)) == 0:
             print("please run `python make_and_upload_dataset.py` first")
             sys.exit(1)
-        data_path = ("s3://cuj-big-data/big-data/"
-                     if large_dataset else "s3://cuj-big-data/data/")
+        data_path = (
+            "s3://cuj-big-data/big-data/"
+            if large_dataset
+            else "s3://cuj-big-data/data/"
+        )
         inference_path = "s3://cuj-big-data/inference/"
         inference_output_path = "s3://cuj-big-data/output/"
     else:
@@ -562,20 +569,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         inference_path = os.path.join(dir_path, "inference")
         inference_output_path = "/tmp"
 
-        if len(os.listdir(data_path)) <= 1 or len(
-                os.listdir(inference_path)) <= 1:
+        if len(os.listdir(data_path)) <= 1 or len(os.listdir(inference_path)) <= 1:
             print("please run `python make_and_upload_dataset.py` first")
             sys.exit(1)
 
     if smoke_test:
         # Only read a single file.
         data_path = os.path.join(data_path, "data_00000.parquet.snappy")
-        inference_path = os.path.join(inference_path,
-                                      "data_00000.parquet.snappy")
+        inference_path = os.path.join(inference_path, "data_00000.parquet.snappy")
 
     preprocessor = DataPreprocessor()
     train_dataset, test_dataset = preprocessor.preprocess_train_data(
-        read_dataset(data_path))
+        read_dataset(data_path)
+    )
 
     num_columns = len(train_dataset.schema().names)
     # remove label column and internal Arrow column.
@@ -589,14 +595,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     DROPOUT_PROB = 0.2
 
     # Random global shuffle
-    train_dataset_pipeline = train_dataset.repeat() \
-        .random_shuffle_each_window(_spread_resource_prefix="node:")
+    train_dataset_pipeline = train_dataset.repeat().random_shuffle_each_window(
+        _spread_resource_prefix="node:"
+    )
     del train_dataset
 
-    datasets = {
-        "train_dataset": train_dataset_pipeline,
-        "test_dataset": test_dataset
-    }
+    datasets = {"train_dataset": train_dataset_pipeline, "test_dataset": test_dataset}
 
     config = {
         "use_gpu": use_gpu,
@@ -606,7 +610,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "num_layers": NUM_LAYERS,
         "dropout_every": DROPOUT_EVERY,
         "dropout_prob": DROPOUT_PROB,
-        "num_features": num_features
+        "num_features": num_features,
     }
 
     # Create 2 callbacks: one for Tensorboard Logging and one for MLflow
@@ -619,7 +623,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     callbacks = [
         TBXLoggerCallback(logdir=tbx_logdir),
         MLflowLoggerCallback(
-            experiment_name="cuj-big-data-training", save_artifact=True)
+            experiment_name="cuj-big-data-training", save_artifact=True
+        ),
     ]
 
     # Remove CPU resource so Datasets can be scheduled.
@@ -629,19 +634,19 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         backend="torch",
         num_workers=num_workers,
         use_gpu=use_gpu,
-        resources_per_worker=resources_per_worker)
+        resources_per_worker=resources_per_worker,
+    )
     trainer.start()
     results = trainer.run(
-        train_func=train_func,
-        config=config,
-        callbacks=callbacks,
-        dataset=datasets)
+        train_func=train_func, config=config, callbacks=callbacks, dataset=datasets
+    )
     model = results[0]
     trainer.shutdown()
 
     if args.mlflow_register_model:
         mlflow.pytorch.log_model(
-            model, artifact_path="models", registered_model_name="torch_model")
+            model, artifact_path="models", registered_model_name="torch_model"
+        )
 
         # Get the latest model from mlflow model registry.
         client = mlflow.tracking.MlflowClient()
@@ -649,12 +654,14 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         # Get the info for the latest model.
         # By default, registered models are in stage "None".
         latest_model_info = client.get_latest_versions(
-            registered_model_name, stages=["None"])[0]
+            registered_model_name, stages=["None"]
+        )[0]
         latest_version = latest_model_info.version
 
         def load_model_func():
             model_uri = f"models:/torch_model/{latest_version}"
             return mlflow.pytorch.load_model(model_uri)
+
     else:
         state_dict = model.state_dict()
 
@@ -670,25 +677,30 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                 n_features=num_features,
                 num_hidden=num_hidden,
                 dropout_every=dropout_every,
-                drop_prob=dropout_prob)
+                drop_prob=dropout_prob,
+            )
             model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
             return model
 
     class BatchInferModel:
         def __init__(self, load_model_func):
-            self.device = torch.device("cuda:0"
-                                       if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+            self.device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
             self.model = load_model_func().to(self.device)
 
         def __call__(self, batch) -> "pd.DataFrame":
-            tensor = torch.FloatTensor(batch.to_pandas().values).to(
-                self.device)
+            tensor = torch.FloatTensor(batch.to_pandas().values).to(self.device)
             return pd.DataFrame(self.model(tensor).cpu().detach().numpy())
 
     inference_dataset = preprocessor.preprocess_inference_data(
-        read_dataset(inference_path))
-    inference(inference_dataset, BatchInferModel(load_model_func), 100,
-              inference_output_path, use_gpu)
+        read_dataset(inference_path)
+    )
+    inference(
+        inference_dataset,
+        BatchInferModel(load_model_func),
+        100,
+        inference_output_path,
+        use_gpu,
+    )
 
     end_time = time.time()
 

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/doc_code/metrics_example.py

@@ -14,20 +14,23 @@ class MyActor:
         self.counter = Counter(
             "num_requests",
             description="Number of requests processed by the actor.",
-            tag_keys=("actor_name", ))
+            tag_keys=("actor_name",),
+        )
         self.counter.set_default_tags({"actor_name": name})
 
         self.gauge = Gauge(
             "curr_count",
             description="Current count held by the actor. Goes up and down.",
-            tag_keys=("actor_name", ))
+            tag_keys=("actor_name",),
+        )
         self.gauge.set_default_tags({"actor_name": name})
 
         self.histogram = Histogram(
             "request_latency",
             description="Latencies of requests in ms.",
             boundaries=[0.1, 1],
-            tag_keys=("actor_name", ))
+            tag_keys=("actor_name",),
+        )
         self.histogram.set_default_tags({"actor_name": name})
 
     def process_request(self, num):

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/lbfgs/driver.py

@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ class LinearModel(object):
         y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, shape[1]])
         self.y_ = y_
         cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(
-            -tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(y), reduction_indices=[1]))
+            -tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(y), reduction_indices=[1])
+        )
         self.cross_entropy = cross_entropy
         self.cross_entropy_grads = tf.gradients(cross_entropy, [w, b])
         self.sess = tf.Session()
@@ -54,24 +55,20 @@ class LinearModel(object):
         # Ray's TensorFlowVariables to automatically create methods to modify
         # the weights.
         self.variables = ray.experimental.tf_utils.TensorFlowVariables(
-            cross_entropy, self.sess)
+            cross_entropy, self.sess
+        )
 
     def loss(self, xs, ys):
         """Computes the loss of the network."""
         return float(
-            self.sess.run(
-                self.cross_entropy, feed_dict={
-                    self.x: xs,
-                    self.y_: ys
-                }))
+            self.sess.run(self.cross_entropy, feed_dict={self.x: xs, self.y_: ys})
+        )
 
     def grad(self, xs, ys):
         """Computes the gradients of the network."""
         return self.sess.run(
-            self.cross_entropy_grads, feed_dict={
-                self.x: xs,
-                self.y_: ys
-            })
+            self.cross_entropy_grads, feed_dict={self.x: xs, self.y_: ys}
+        )
 
 
 @ray.remote
@@ -143,4 +140,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     # Use L-BFGS to minimize the loss function.
     print("Running L-BFGS.")
     result = scipy.optimize.fmin_l_bfgs_b(
-        full_loss, theta_init, maxiter=10, fprime=full_grad, disp=True)
+        full_loss, theta_init, maxiter=10, fprime=full_grad, disp=True
+    )

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/lm/ray_train.py

@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ class RayDistributedActor:
         """
 
         # Set the init_method and rank of the process for distributed training.
-        print("Ray worker at {url} rank {rank}".format(
-            url=url, rank=world_rank))
+        print("Ray worker at {url} rank {rank}".format(url=url, rank=world_rank))
         self.url = url
         self.world_rank = world_rank
         args.distributed_rank = world_rank
@@ -55,8 +54,10 @@ class RayDistributedActor:
                 n_cpus = int(ray.cluster_resources()["CPU"])
                 if n_cpus > original_n_cpus:
                     raise Exception(
-                        "New CPUs find (original %d CPUs, now %d CPUs)" %
-                        (original_n_cpus, n_cpus))
+                        "New CPUs find (original %d CPUs, now %d CPUs)"
+                        % (original_n_cpus, n_cpus)
+                    )
+
         else:
             original_n_gpus = args.distributed_world_size
 
@@ -65,8 +66,9 @@ class RayDistributedActor:
                 n_gpus = int(ray.cluster_resources().get("GPU", 0))
                 if n_gpus > original_n_gpus:
                     raise Exception(
-                        "New GPUs find (original %d GPUs, now %d GPUs)" %
-                        (original_n_gpus, n_gpus))
+                        "New GPUs find (original %d GPUs, now %d GPUs)"
+                        % (original_n_gpus, n_gpus)
+                    )
 
         fairseq.checkpoint_utils.save_checkpoint = _new_save_checkpoint
 
@@ -103,8 +105,7 @@ def run_fault_tolerant_loop():
         set_batch_size(args)
 
         # Set up Ray distributed actors.
-        Actor = ray.remote(
-            num_cpus=1, num_gpus=int(not args.cpu))(RayDistributedActor)
+        Actor = ray.remote(num_cpus=1, num_gpus=int(not args.cpu))(RayDistributedActor)
         workers = [Actor.remote() for i in range(args.distributed_world_size)]
 
         # Get the IP address and a free port of actor 0, which is used for
@@ -116,8 +117,7 @@ def run_fault_tolerant_loop():
         # Start the remote processes, and check whether their are any process
         # fails. If so, restart all the processes.
         unfinished = [
-            worker.run.remote(address, i, args)
-            for i, worker in enumerate(workers)
+            worker.run.remote(address, i, args) for i, worker in enumerate(workers)
         ]
         try:
             while len(unfinished) > 0:
@@ -135,10 +135,8 @@ def add_ray_args(parser):
     """Add ray and fault-tolerance related parser arguments to the parser."""
     group = parser.add_argument_group("Ray related arguments")
     group.add_argument(
-        "--ray-address",
-        default="auto",
-        type=str,
-        help="address for ray initialization")
+        "--ray-address", default="auto", type=str, help="address for ray initialization"
+    )
     group.add_argument(
         "--fix-batch-size",
         default=None,
@@ -147,7 +145,8 @@ def add_ray_args(parser):
         help="fix the actual batch size (max_sentences * update_freq "
         "* n_GPUs) to be the fixed input values by adjusting update_freq "
         "accroding to actual n_GPUs; the batch size is fixed to B_i for "
-        "epoch i; all epochs >N are fixed to B_N")
+        "epoch i; all epochs >N are fixed to B_N",
+    )
     return group
 
 
@@ -168,13 +167,13 @@ def set_batch_size(args):
     """Fixes the total batch_size to be agnostic to the GPU count."""
     if args.fix_batch_size is not None:
         args.update_freq = [
-            math.ceil(batch_size /
-                      (args.max_sentences * args.distributed_world_size))
+            math.ceil(batch_size / (args.max_sentences * args.distributed_world_size))
             for batch_size in args.fix_batch_size
         ]
-        print("Training on %d GPUs, max_sentences=%d, update_freq=%s" %
-              (args.distributed_world_size, args.max_sentences,
-               repr(args.update_freq)))
+        print(
+            "Training on %d GPUs, max_sentences=%d, update_freq=%s"
+            % (args.distributed_world_size, args.max_sentences, repr(args.update_freq))
+        )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/modin_xgboost/modin_xgboost.py

@@ -62,31 +62,34 @@ import ray
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 parser.add_argument(
-    "--address", type=str, default="auto", help="The address to use for Ray.")
+    "--address", type=str, default="auto", help="The address to use for Ray."
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--smoke-test",
     action="store_true",
-    help="Read a smaller dataset for quick testing purposes.")
+    help="Read a smaller dataset for quick testing purposes.",
+)
 parser.add_argument(
-    "--num-actors",
-    type=int,
-    default=4,
-    help="Sets number of actors for training.")
+    "--num-actors", type=int, default=4, help="Sets number of actors for training."
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--cpus-per-actor",
     type=int,
     default=8,
-    help="The number of CPUs per actor for training.")
+    help="The number of CPUs per actor for training.",
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--num-actors-inference",
     type=int,
     default=16,
-    help="Sets number of actors for inference.")
+    help="Sets number of actors for inference.",
+)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--cpus-per-actor-inference",
     type=int,
     default=2,
-    help="The number of CPUs per actor for inference.")
+    help="The number of CPUs per actor for inference.",
+)
 # Ignore -f from ipykernel_launcher
 args, _ = parser.parse_known_args()
 
@@ -119,12 +122,13 @@ if not ray.is_initialized():
 LABEL_COLUMN = "label"
 if smoke_test:
     # Test dataset with only 10,000 records.
-    FILE_URL = "https://ray-ci-higgs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/simpleHIGGS" \
-                ".csv"
+    FILE_URL = "https://ray-ci-higgs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/simpleHIGGS" ".csv"
 else:
     # Full dataset. This may take a couple of minutes to load.
-    FILE_URL = "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases" \
-                "/00280/HIGGS.csv.gz"
+    FILE_URL = (
+        "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases"
+        "/00280/HIGGS.csv.gz"
+    )
 
 colnames = [LABEL_COLUMN] + ["feature-%02d" % i for i in range(1, 29)]
 
@@ -182,7 +186,8 @@ def train_xgboost(config, train_df, test_df, target_column, ray_params):
         evals_result=evals_result,
         verbose_eval=False,
         num_boost_round=100,
-        ray_params=ray_params)
+        ray_params=ray_params,
+    )
 
     train_end_time = time.time()
     train_duration = train_end_time - train_start_time
@@ -190,8 +195,7 @@ def train_xgboost(config, train_df, test_df, target_column, ray_params):
 
     model_path = "model.xgb"
     bst.save_model(model_path)
-    print("Final validation error: {:.4f}".format(
-        evals_result["eval"]["error"][-1]))
+    print("Final validation error: {:.4f}".format(evals_result["eval"]["error"][-1]))
 
     return bst, evals_result
 
@@ -208,8 +212,12 @@ config = {
 }
 
 bst, evals_result = train_xgboost(
-    config, df_train, df_validation, LABEL_COLUMN,
-    RayParams(cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor, num_actors=num_actors))
+    config,
+    df_train,
+    df_validation,
+    LABEL_COLUMN,
+    RayParams(cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor, num_actors=num_actors),
+)
 print(f"Results: {evals_result}")
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -227,7 +235,8 @@ results = predict(
     bst,
     inference_df,
     ray_params=RayParams(
-        cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor_inference,
-        num_actors=num_actors_inference))
+        cpus_per_actor=cpus_per_actor_inference, num_actors=num_actors_inference
+    ),
+)
 
 print(results)

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/newsreader/server.py

@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ class NewsServer(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.conn = sqlite3.connect("newsreader.db")
         c = self.conn.cursor()
-        c.execute("""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS news
+        c.execute(
+            """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS news
                      (title text, link text,
                      description text, published timestamp,
-                     feed url, liked bool)""")
+                     feed url, liked bool)"""
+        )
         self.conn.commit()
 
     def retrieve_feed(self, url):
@@ -24,36 +26,41 @@ class NewsServer(object):
         items = []
         c = self.conn.cursor()
         for item in feed.items:
-            items.append({
-                "title": item.title,
-                "link": item.link,
-                "description": item.description,
-                "description_text": item.description,
-                "pubDate": str(item.pub_date)
-            })
+            items.append(
+                {
+                    "title": item.title,
+                    "link": item.link,
+                    "description": item.description,
+                    "description_text": item.description,
+                    "pubDate": str(item.pub_date),
+                }
+            )
             c.execute(
                 """INSERT INTO news (title, link, description,
                          published, feed, liked) values
                          (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)""",
-                (item.title, item.link, item.description, item.pub_date,
-                 feed.link, False))
+                (
+                    item.title,
+                    item.link,
+                    item.description,
+                    item.pub_date,
+                    feed.link,
+                    False,
+                ),
+            )
         self.conn.commit()
 
         return {
-            "channel": {
-                "title": feed.title,
-                "link": feed.link,
-                "url": feed.link
-            },
-            "items": items
+            "channel": {"title": feed.title, "link": feed.link, "url": feed.link},
+            "items": items,
         }
 
     def like_item(self, url, is_faved):
         c = self.conn.cursor()
         if is_faved:
-            c.execute("UPDATE news SET liked = 1 WHERE link = ?", (url, ))
+            c.execute("UPDATE news SET liked = 1 WHERE link = ?", (url,))
         else:
-            c.execute("UPDATE news SET liked = 0 WHERE link = ?", (url, ))
+            c.execute("UPDATE news SET liked = 0 WHERE link = ?", (url,))
         self.conn.commit()
 
 
@@ -77,9 +84,7 @@ def dispatcher():
         result = ray.get(method.remote(*method_args))
         return jsonify(result)
     else:
-        return jsonify({
-            "error": "method_name '" + method_name + "' not found"
-        })
+        return jsonify({"error": "method_name '" + method_name + "' not found"})
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/plot_hyperparameter.py

@@ -44,16 +44,16 @@ num_evaluations = 10
 # A function for generating random hyperparameters.
 def generate_hyperparameters():
     return {
-        "learning_rate": 10**np.random.uniform(-5, 1),
+        "learning_rate": 10 ** np.random.uniform(-5, 1),
         "batch_size": np.random.randint(1, 100),
-        "momentum": np.random.uniform(0, 1)
+        "momentum": np.random.uniform(0, 1),
     }
 
 
 def get_data_loaders(batch_size):
     mnist_transforms = transforms.Compose(
-        [transforms.ToTensor(),
-         transforms.Normalize((0.1307, ), (0.3081, ))])
+        [transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))]
+    )
 
     # We add FileLock here because multiple workers will want to
     # download data, and this may cause overwrites since
@@ -61,16 +61,16 @@ def get_data_loaders(batch_size):
     with FileLock(os.path.expanduser("~/data.lock")):
         train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
             datasets.MNIST(
-                "~/data",
-                train=True,
-                download=True,
-                transform=mnist_transforms),
+                "~/data", train=True, download=True, transform=mnist_transforms
+            ),
             batch_size=batch_size,
-            shuffle=True)
+            shuffle=True,
+        )
     test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
         datasets.MNIST("~/data", train=False, transform=mnist_transforms),
         batch_size=batch_size,
-        shuffle=True)
+        shuffle=True,
+    )
     return train_loader, test_loader
 
 
@@ -152,9 +152,8 @@ def evaluate_hyperparameters(config):
     model = ConvNet()
     train_loader, test_loader = get_data_loaders(config["batch_size"])
     optimizer = optim.SGD(
-        model.parameters(),
-        lr=config["learning_rate"],
-        momentum=config["momentum"])
+        model.parameters(), lr=config["learning_rate"], momentum=config["momentum"]
+    )
     train(model, optimizer, train_loader)
     return test(model, test_loader)
 
@@ -202,22 +201,33 @@ while remaining_ids:
 
     hyperparameters = hyperparameters_mapping[result_id]
     accuracy = ray.get(result_id)
-    print("""We achieve accuracy {:.3}% with
+    print(
+        """We achieve accuracy {:.3}% with
         learning_rate: {:.2}
         batch_size: {}
         momentum: {:.2}
-      """.format(100 * accuracy, hyperparameters["learning_rate"],
-                 hyperparameters["batch_size"], hyperparameters["momentum"]))
+      """.format(
+            100 * accuracy,
+            hyperparameters["learning_rate"],
+            hyperparameters["batch_size"],
+            hyperparameters["momentum"],
+        )
+    )
     if accuracy > best_accuracy:
         best_hyperparameters = hyperparameters
         best_accuracy = accuracy
 
 # Record the best performing set of hyperparameters.
-print("""Best accuracy over {} trials was {:.3} with
+print(
+    """Best accuracy over {} trials was {:.3} with
       learning_rate: {:.2}
       batch_size: {}
       momentum: {:.2}
-      """.format(num_evaluations, 100 * best_accuracy,
-                 best_hyperparameters["learning_rate"],
-                 best_hyperparameters["batch_size"],
-                 best_hyperparameters["momentum"]))
+      """.format(
+        num_evaluations,
+        100 * best_accuracy,
+        best_hyperparameters["learning_rate"],
+        best_hyperparameters["batch_size"],
+        best_hyperparameters["momentum"],
+    )
+)

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/plot_parameter_server.py

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ import ray
 def get_data_loader():
     """Safely downloads data. Returns training/validation set dataloader."""
     mnist_transforms = transforms.Compose(
-        [transforms.ToTensor(),
-         transforms.Normalize((0.1307, ), (0.3081, ))])
+        [transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))]
+    )
 
     # We add FileLock here because multiple workers will want to
     # download data, and this may cause overwrites since
@@ -48,16 +48,16 @@ def get_data_loader():
     with FileLock(os.path.expanduser("~/data.lock")):
         train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
             datasets.MNIST(
-                "~/data",
-                train=True,
-                download=True,
-                transform=mnist_transforms),
+                "~/data", train=True, download=True, transform=mnist_transforms
+            ),
             batch_size=128,
-            shuffle=True)
+            shuffle=True,
+        )
         test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
             datasets.MNIST("~/data", train=False, transform=mnist_transforms),
             batch_size=128,
-            shuffle=True)
+            shuffle=True,
+        )
     return train_loader, test_loader
 
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def evaluate(model, test_loader):
             _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
             total += target.size(0)
             correct += (predicted == target).sum().item()
-    return 100. * correct / total
+    return 100.0 * correct / total
 
 
 #######################################################################
@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ class ParameterServer(object):
 
     def apply_gradients(self, *gradients):
         summed_gradients = [
-            np.stack(gradient_zip).sum(axis=0)
-            for gradient_zip in zip(*gradients)
+            np.stack(gradient_zip).sum(axis=0) for gradient_zip in zip(*gradients)
         ]
         self.optimizer.zero_grad()
         self.model.set_gradients(summed_gradients)
@@ -215,9 +214,7 @@ test_loader = get_data_loader()[1]
 print("Running synchronous parameter server training.")
 current_weights = ps.get_weights.remote()
 for i in range(iterations):
-    gradients = [
-        worker.compute_gradients.remote(current_weights) for worker in workers
-    ]
+    gradients = [worker.compute_gradients.remote(current_weights) for worker in workers]
     # Calculate update after all gradients are available.
     current_weights = ps.apply_gradients.remote(*gradients)
 

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/plot_pong_example.py

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class Model(object):
         """Applies the gradients to the model parameters with RMSProp."""
         for k, v in self.weights.items():
             g = grad_buffer[k]
-            rmsprop_cache[k] = (decay * rmsprop_cache[k] + (1 - decay) * g**2)
+            rmsprop_cache[k] = decay * rmsprop_cache[k] + (1 - decay) * g ** 2
             self.weights[k] += lr * g / (np.sqrt(rmsprop_cache[k]) + 1e-5)
 
 
@@ -278,20 +278,24 @@ for i in range(1, 1 + iterations):
     gradient_ids = []
     # Launch tasks to compute gradients from multiple rollouts in parallel.
     start_time = time.time()
-    gradient_ids = [
-        actor.compute_gradient.remote(model_id) for actor in actors
-    ]
+    gradient_ids = [actor.compute_gradient.remote(model_id) for actor in actors]
     for batch in range(batch_size):
         [grad_id], gradient_ids = ray.wait(gradient_ids)
         grad, reward_sum = ray.get(grad_id)
         # Accumulate the gradient over batch.
         for k in model.weights:
             grad_buffer[k] += grad[k]
-        running_reward = (reward_sum if running_reward is None else
-                          running_reward * 0.99 + reward_sum * 0.01)
+        running_reward = (
+            reward_sum
+            if running_reward is None
+            else running_reward * 0.99 + reward_sum * 0.01
+        )
     end_time = time.time()
-    print("Batch {} computed {} rollouts in {} seconds, "
-          "running mean is {}".format(i, batch_size, end_time - start_time,
-                                      running_reward))
+    print(
+        "Batch {} computed {} rollouts in {} seconds, "
+        "running mean is {}".format(
+            i, batch_size, end_time - start_time, running_reward
+        )
+    )
     model.update(grad_buffer, rmsprop_cache, learning_rate, decay_rate)
     zero_grads(grad_buffer)

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/progress_bar.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from typing import Tuple
 from time import sleep
 
 import ray
+
 # For typing purposes
 from ray.actor import ActorHandle
 from tqdm import tqdm

doc/source/ray-core/_examples/streaming/streaming.py

@@ -8,12 +8,11 @@ import wikipedia
 
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 parser.add_argument(
-    "--num-mappers", help="number of mapper actors used", default=3, type=int)
+    "--num-mappers", help="number of mapper actors used", default=3, type=int
+)
 parser.add_argument(
-    "--num-reducers",
-    help="number of reducer actors used",
-    default=4,
-    type=int)
+    "--num-reducers", help="number of reducer actors used", default=4, type=int
+)
 
 
 @ray.remote
@@ -36,8 +35,11 @@ class Mapper(object):
         while self.num_articles_processed < article_index + 1:
             self.get_new_article()
         # Return the word counts from within a given character range.
-        return [(k, v) for k, v in self.word_counts[article_index].items()
-                if len(k) >= 1 and k[0] >= keys[0] and k[0] <= keys[1]]
+        return [
+            (k, v)
+            for k, v in self.word_counts[article_index].items()
+            if len(k) >= 1 and k[0] >= keys[0] and k[0] <= keys[1]
+        ]
 
 
 @ray.remote
@@ -51,8 +53,7 @@ class Reducer(object):
         # Get the word counts for this Reducer's keys from all of the Mappers
         # and aggregate the results.
         count_ids = [
-            mapper.get_range.remote(article_index, self.keys)
-            for mapper in self.mappers
+            mapper.get_range.remote(article_index, self.keys) for mapper in self.mappers
         ]
 
         while len(count_ids) > 0:
@@ -87,9 +88,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             streams.append(Stream([line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]))
 
     # Partition the keys among the reducers.
-    chunks = np.array_split([chr(i)
-                             for i in range(ord("a"),
-                                            ord("z") + 1)], args.num_reducers)
+    chunks = np.array_split(
+        [chr(i) for i in range(ord("a"), ord("z") + 1)], args.num_reducers
+    )
     keys = [[chunk[0], chunk[-1]] for chunk in chunks]
 
     # Create a number of mappers.
@@ -103,14 +104,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     while True:
         print("article index = {}".format(article_index))
         wordcounts = {}
-        counts = ray.get([
-            reducer.next_reduce_result.remote(article_index)
-            for reducer in reducers
-        ])
+        counts = ray.get(
+            [reducer.next_reduce_result.remote(article_index) for reducer in reducers]
+        )
         for count in counts:
             wordcounts.update(count)
-        most_frequent_words = heapq.nlargest(
-            10, wordcounts, key=wordcounts.get)
+        most_frequent_words = heapq.nlargest(10, wordcounts, key=wordcounts.get)
         for word in most_frequent_words:
             print("  ", word, wordcounts[word])
         article_index += 1

doc/source/tune/_tutorials/tune-serve-integration-mnist.py

@@ -125,12 +125,12 @@ class MNISTDataInterface(object):
         self.data_dir = data_dir
         self.max_days = max_days
 
-        transform = transforms.Compose([
-            transforms.ToTensor(),
-            transforms.Normalize((0.1307, ), (0.3081, ))
-        ])
+        transform = transforms.Compose(
+            [transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))]
+        )
         self.dataset = MNIST(
-            self.data_dir, train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
+            self.data_dir, train=True, download=True, transform=transform
+        )
 
     def _get_day_slice(self, day=0):
         if day < 0:
@@ -154,8 +154,7 @@ class MNISTDataInterface(object):
         end = self._get_day_slice(day)
 
         available_data = Subset(self.dataset, list(range(start, end)))
-        train_n = int(
-            0.8 * (end - start))  # 80% train data, 20% validation data
+        train_n = int(0.8 * (end - start))  # 80% train data, 20% validation data
 
         return random_split(available_data, [train_n, end - start - train_n])
 
@@ -223,13 +222,15 @@ def test(model, data_loader, device=None):
 # will take care of creating the model and optimizer and repeatedly
 # call the ``train`` function to train the model. Also, this function
 # will report the training progress back to Tune.
-def train_mnist(config,
-                start_model=None,
-                checkpoint_dir=None,
-                num_epochs=10,
-                use_gpus=False,
-                data_fn=None,
-                day=0):
+def train_mnist(
+    config,
+    start_model=None,
+    checkpoint_dir=None,
+    num_epochs=10,
+    use_gpus=False,
+    data_fn=None,
+    day=0,
+):
     # Create model
     use_cuda = use_gpus and torch.cuda.is_available()
     device = torch.device("cuda" if use_cuda else "cpu")
@@ -237,7 +238,8 @@ def train_mnist(config,
 
     # Create optimizer
     optimizer = optim.SGD(
-        model.parameters(), lr=config["lr"], momentum=config["momentum"])
+        model.parameters(), lr=config["lr"], momentum=config["momentum"]
+    )
 
     # Load checkpoint, or load start model if no checkpoint has been
     # passed and a start model is specified
@@ -248,8 +250,7 @@ def train_mnist(config,
         load_dir = start_model
 
     if load_dir:
-        model_state, optimizer_state = torch.load(
-            os.path.join(load_dir, "checkpoint"))
+        model_state, optimizer_state = torch.load(os.path.join(load_dir, "checkpoint"))
         model.load_state_dict(model_state)
         optimizer.load_state_dict(optimizer_state)
 
@@ -257,18 +258,22 @@ def train_mnist(config,
     train_dataset, validation_dataset = data_fn(day=day)
 
     train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
-        train_dataset, batch_size=config["batch_size"], shuffle=True)
+        train_dataset, batch_size=config["batch_size"], shuffle=True
+    )
 
     validation_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
-        validation_dataset, batch_size=config["batch_size"], shuffle=True)
+        validation_dataset, batch_size=config["batch_size"], shuffle=True
+    )
 
     for i in range(num_epochs):
         train(model, optimizer, train_loader, device)
         acc = test(model, validation_loader, device)
         if i == num_epochs - 1:
             with tune.checkpoint_dir(step=i) as checkpoint_dir:
-                torch.save((model.state_dict(), optimizer.state_dict()),
-                           os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "checkpoint"))
+                torch.save(
+                    (model.state_dict(), optimizer.state_dict()),
+                    os.path.join(checkpoint_dir, "checkpoint"),
+                )
             tune.report(mean_accuracy=acc, done=True)
         else:
             tune.report(mean_accuracy=acc)
@@ -286,7 +291,7 @@ def train_mnist(config,
 # until the given day. Our search space can thus also contain parameters
 # that affect the model complexity (such as the layer size), since it
 # does not have to be compatible to an existing model.
-def tune_from_scratch(num_samples=10, num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=0., day=0):
+def tune_from_scratch(num_samples=10, num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=0.0, day=0):
     data_interface = MNISTDataInterface("~/data", max_days=10)
     num_examples = data_interface._get_day_slice(day)
 
@@ -302,11 +307,13 @@ def tune_from_scratch(num_samples=10, num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=0., day=0):
         mode="max",
         max_t=num_epochs,
         grace_period=1,
-        reduction_factor=2)
+        reduction_factor=2,
+    )
 
     reporter = CLIReporter(
         parameter_columns=["layer_size", "lr", "momentum", "batch_size"],
-        metric_columns=["mean_accuracy", "training_iteration"])
+        metric_columns=["mean_accuracy", "training_iteration"],
+    )
 
     analysis = tune.run(
         partial(
@@ -315,17 +322,16 @@ def tune_from_scratch(num_samples=10, num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=0., day=0):
             data_fn=data_interface.get_data,
             num_epochs=num_epochs,
             use_gpus=True if gpus_per_trial > 0 else False,
-            day=day),
-        resources_per_trial={
-            "cpu": 1,
-            "gpu": gpus_per_trial
-        },
+            day=day,
+        ),
+        resources_per_trial={"cpu": 1, "gpu": gpus_per_trial},
         config=config,
         num_samples=num_samples,
         scheduler=scheduler,
         progress_reporter=reporter,
         verbose=0,
-        name="tune_serve_mnist_fromscratch")
+        name="tune_serve_mnist_fromscratch",
+    )
 
     best_trial = analysis.get_best_trial("mean_accuracy", "max", "last")
     best_accuracy = best_trial.metric_analysis["mean_accuracy"]["last"]
@@ -344,33 +350,35 @@ def tune_from_scratch(num_samples=10, num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=0., day=0):
 # layer size parameter. Since we continue to train an existing model,
 # we cannot change the layer size mid training, so we just continue
 # to use the existing one.
-def tune_from_existing(start_model,
-                       start_config,
-                       num_samples=10,
-                       num_epochs=10,
-                       gpus_per_trial=0.,
-                       day=0):
+def tune_from_existing(
+    start_model, start_config, num_samples=10, num_epochs=10, gpus_per_trial=0.0, day=0
+):
     data_interface = MNISTDataInterface("/tmp/mnist_data", max_days=10)
-    num_examples = data_interface._get_day_slice(day) - \
-                   data_interface._get_day_slice(day - 1)
+    num_examples = data_interface._get_day_slice(day) - data_interface._get_day_slice(
+        day - 1
+    )
 
     config = start_config.copy()
-    config.update({
-        "batch_size": tune.choice([16, 32, 64]),
-        "lr": tune.loguniform(1e-4, 1e-1),
-        "momentum": tune.uniform(0.1, 0.9),
-    })
+    config.update(
+        {
+            "batch_size": tune.choice([16, 32, 64]),
+            "lr": tune.loguniform(1e-4, 1e-1),
+            "momentum": tune.uniform(0.1, 0.9),
+        }
+    )
 
     scheduler = ASHAScheduler(
         metric="mean_accuracy",
         mode="max",
         max_t=num_epochs,
         grace_period=1,
-        reduction_factor=2)
+        reduction_factor=2,
+    )
 
     reporter = CLIReporter(
         parameter_columns=["lr", "momentum", "batch_size"],
-        metric_columns=["mean_accuracy", "training_iteration"])
+        metric_columns=["mean_accuracy", "training_iteration"],
+    )
 
     analysis = tune.run(
         partial(
@@ -379,17 +387,16 @@ def tune_from_existing(start_model,
             data_fn=data_interface.get_incremental_data,
             num_epochs=num_epochs,
             use_gpus=True if gpus_per_trial > 0 else False,
-            day=day),
-        resources_per_trial={
-            "cpu": 1,
-            "gpu": gpus_per_trial
-        },
+            day=day,
+        ),
+        resources_per_trial={"cpu": 1, "gpu": gpus_per_trial},
         config=config,
         num_samples=num_samples,
         scheduler=scheduler,
         progress_reporter=reporter,
         verbose=0,
-        name="tune_serve_mnist_fromsexisting")
+        name="tune_serve_mnist_fromsexisting",
+    )
 
     best_trial = analysis.get_best_trial("mean_accuracy", "max", "last")
     best_accuracy = best_trial.metric_analysis["mean_accuracy"]["last"]
@@ -423,8 +430,8 @@ class MNISTDeployment:
         model = ConvNet(layer_size=self.config["layer_size"]).to(self.device)
 
         model_state, optimizer_state = torch.load(
-            os.path.join(self.checkpoint_dir, "checkpoint"),
-            map_location=self.device)
+            os.path.join(self.checkpoint_dir, "checkpoint"), map_location=self.device
+        )
         model.load_state_dict(model_state)
 
         self.model = model
@@ -442,12 +449,12 @@ class MNISTDeployment:
 # active model. We call this directory ``model_dir``. Every time we
 # would like to update our model, we copy the checkpoint of the new
 # model to this directory. We then update the deployment to the new version.
-def serve_new_model(model_dir, checkpoint, config, metrics, day,
-                    use_gpu=False):
+def serve_new_model(model_dir, checkpoint, config, metrics, day, use_gpu=False):
     print("Serving checkpoint: {}".format(checkpoint))
 
-    checkpoint_path = _move_checkpoint_to_model_dir(model_dir, checkpoint,
-                                                    config, metrics)
+    checkpoint_path = _move_checkpoint_to_model_dir(
+        model_dir, checkpoint, config, metrics
+    )
 
     serve.start(detached=True)
     MNISTDeployment.deploy(checkpoint_path, config, metrics, use_gpu)
@@ -482,8 +489,7 @@ def get_current_model(model_dir):
     checkpoint_path = os.path.join(model_dir, "checkpoint")
     meta_path = os.path.join(model_dir, "meta.json")
 
-    if not os.path.exists(checkpoint_path) or \
-       not os.path.exists(meta_path):
+    if not os.path.exists(checkpoint_path) or not os.path.exists(meta_path):
         return None, None, None
 
     with open(meta_path, "rt") as fp:
@@ -559,28 +565,33 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "--from_scratch",
         action="store_true",
         help="Train and select best model from scratch",
-        default=False)
+        default=False,
+    )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--from_existing",
         action="store_true",
         help="Train and select best model from existing model",
-        default=False)
+        default=False,
+    )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--day",
         help="Indicate the day to simulate the amount of data available to us",
         type=int,
-        default=0)
+        default=0,
+    )
 
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--query", help="Query endpoint with example", type=int, default=-1)
+        "--query", help="Query endpoint with example", type=int, default=-1
+    )
 
     parser.add_argument(
         "--smoke-test",
         action="store_true",
         help="Finish quickly for testing",
-        default=False)
+        default=False,
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -600,20 +611,23 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
         # Query our model
         response = requests.post(
-            "http://localhost:8000/mnist",
-            json={"images": [data[0].numpy().tolist()]})
+            "http://localhost:8000/mnist", json={"images": [data[0].numpy().tolist()]}
+        )
 
         try:
             pred = response.json()["result"][0]
         except:  # noqa: E722
             pred = -1
 
-        print("Querying model with example #{}. "
-              "Label = {}, Response = {}, Correct = {}".format(
-                  args.query, label, pred, label == pred))
+        print(
+            "Querying model with example #{}. "
+            "Label = {}, Response = {}, Correct = {}".format(
+                args.query, label, pred, label == pred
+            )
+        )
         sys.exit(0)
 
-    gpus_per_trial = 0.5 if not args.smoke_test else 0.
+    gpus_per_trial = 0.5 if not args.smoke_test else 0.0
     serve_gpu = True if gpus_per_trial > 0 else False
     num_samples = 8 if not args.smoke_test else 1
     num_epochs = 10 if not args.smoke_test else 1
@@ -621,23 +635,22 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     if args.from_scratch:  # train everyday from scratch
         print("Start training job from scratch on day {}.".format(args.day))
         acc, config, best_checkpoint, num_examples = tune_from_scratch(
-            num_samples, num_epochs, gpus_per_trial, day=args.day)
-        print("Trained day {} from scratch on {} samples. "
-              "Best accuracy: {:.4f}. Best config: {}".format(
-                  args.day, num_examples, acc, config))
+            num_samples, num_epochs, gpus_per_trial, day=args.day
+        )
+        print(
+            "Trained day {} from scratch on {} samples. "
+            "Best accuracy: {:.4f}. Best config: {}".format(
+                args.day, num_examples, acc, config
+            )
+        )
         serve_new_model(
-            model_dir,
-            best_checkpoint,
-            config,
-            acc,
-            args.day,
-            use_gpu=serve_gpu)
+            model_dir, best_checkpoint, config, acc, args.day, use_gpu=serve_gpu
+        )
 
     if args.from_existing:
         old_checkpoint, old_config, old_acc = get_current_model(model_dir)
         if not old_checkpoint or not old_config or not old_acc:
-            print("No existing model found. Train one with --from_scratch "
-                  "first.")
+            print("No existing model found. Train one with --from_scratch " "first.")
             sys.exit(1)
         acc, config, best_checkpoint, num_examples = tune_from_existing(
             old_checkpoint,
@@ -645,17 +658,17 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             num_samples,
             num_epochs,
             gpus_per_trial,
-            day=args.day)
-        print("Trained day {} from existing on {} samples. "
-              "Best accuracy: {:.4f}. Best config: {}".format(
-                  args.day, num_examples, acc, config))
+            day=args.day,
+        )
+        print(
+            "Trained day {} from existing on {} samples. "
+            "Best accuracy: {:.4f}. Best config: {}".format(
+                args.day, num_examples, acc, config
+            )
+        )
         serve_new_model(
-            model_dir,
-            best_checkpoint,
-            config,
-            acc,
-            args.day,
-            use_gpu=serve_gpu)
+            model_dir, best_checkpoint, config, acc, args.day, use_gpu=serve_gpu
+        )
 
 #######################################################################
 # That's it! We now have an end-to-end workflow to train and update a

doc/source/tune/_tutorials/tune-sklearn.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ To start out, change the import statement to get tune-scikit-learn’s grid sear
 """
 # Keep this here for https://github.com/ray-project/ray/issues/11547
 from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
+
 # Replace above line with:
 from ray.tune.sklearn import TuneGridSearchCV
 
@@ -60,7 +61,8 @@ X, y = make_classification(
     n_informative=50,
     n_redundant=0,
     n_classes=10,
-    class_sep=2.5)
+    class_sep=2.5,
+)
 x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=1000)
 
 # Example parameters to tune from SGDClassifier
@@ -70,9 +72,11 @@ parameter_grid = {"alpha": [1e-4, 1e-1, 1], "epsilon": [0.01, 0.1]}
 # As you can see, the setup here is exactly how you would do it for Scikit-Learn. Now, let's try fitting a model.
 
 tune_search = TuneGridSearchCV(
-    SGDClassifier(), parameter_grid, early_stopping=True, max_iters=10)
+    SGDClassifier(), parameter_grid, early_stopping=True, max_iters=10
+)
 
 import time  # Just to compare fit times
+
 start = time.time()
 tune_search.fit(x_train, y_train)
 end = time.time()
@@ -93,6 +97,7 @@ print("Tune GridSearch Fit Time:", end - start)
 # Try running this compared to the GridSearchCV equivalent, and see the speedup for yourself!
 
 from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
+
 # n_jobs=-1 enables use of all cores like Tune does
 sklearn_search = GridSearchCV(SGDClassifier(), parameter_grid, n_jobs=-1)
 
@@ -120,7 +125,7 @@ import numpy as np
 digits = datasets.load_digits()
 x = digits.data
 y = digits.target
-x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=.2)
+x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.2)
 
 clf = SGDClassifier()
 parameter_grid = {"alpha": (1e-4, 1), "epsilon": (0.01, 0.1)}

doc/yarn/example.py

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ import ray
 def get_host_name(x):
     import platform
     import time
+
     time.sleep(0.01)
-    return x + (platform.node(), )
+    return x + (platform.node(),)
 
 
 def wait_for_nodes(expected):
@@ -17,8 +18,11 @@ def wait_for_nodes(expected):
     while True:
         num_nodes = len(ray.nodes())
         if num_nodes < expected:
-            print("{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
-                num_nodes, expected - num_nodes))
+            print(
+                "{} nodes have joined so far, waiting for {} more.".format(
+                    num_nodes, expected - num_nodes
+                )
+            )
             sys.stdout.flush()
             time.sleep(1)
         else:
@@ -31,9 +35,7 @@ def main():
     # Check that objects can be transferred from each node to each other node.
     for i in range(10):
         print("Iteration {}".format(i))
-        results = [
-            get_host_name.remote(get_host_name.remote(())) for _ in range(100)
-        ]
+        results = [get_host_name.remote(get_host_name.remote(())) for _ in range(100)]
         print(Counter(ray.get(results)))
         sys.stdout.flush()
 

docker/kuberay-autoscaler/run_autoscaler.py

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ def setup_logging() -> None:
     setup_component_logger(
         logging_level=ray_constants.LOGGER_LEVEL,  # info
         logging_format=ray_constants.LOGGER_FORMAT,
-        log_dir=os.path.join(ray._private.utils.get_ray_temp_dir(),
-                             ray.node.SESSION_LATEST, "logs"),
+        log_dir=os.path.join(
+            ray._private.utils.get_ray_temp_dir(), ray.node.SESSION_LATEST, "logs"
+        ),
         filename=ray_constants.MONITOR_LOG_FILE_NAME,  # monitor.log
         max_bytes=ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BYTES,
         backup_count=ray_constants.LOGGING_ROTATE_BACKUP_COUNT,
@@ -47,11 +48,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         required=False,
         type=str,
         default=None,
-        help="The password to use for Redis")
+        help="The password to use for Redis",
+    )
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    cluster_name = yaml.safe_load(
-        open(AUTOSCALING_CONFIG_PATH).read())["cluster_name"]
+    cluster_name = yaml.safe_load(open(AUTOSCALING_CONFIG_PATH).read())["cluster_name"]
     head_ip = get_node_ip_address()
     Monitor(
         address=f"{head_ip}:6379",