diff --git a/proseminar.tex b/proseminar.tex index 84703ba..55cbfef 100644 --- a/proseminar.tex +++ b/proseminar.tex @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ { \usebackgroundtemplate{ - \includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{material/peg_b.jpg}} + \includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{material/peg_b.jpg}} \begin{frame}[plain] \end{frame} } @@ -76,28 +76,28 @@ \end{itemize} \end{block} \end{frame} - \begin{frame} - \frametitle{A Working-Defintion} - \begin{block}{IAU 2003 Recommendation} - Planets $=$ Objects below 13 Jupiter masses. - \end{block} - \pause - Another Proposal based on the solar system definition by Jean-Luc Margot: +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{A Working-Defintion} + \begin{block}{IAU 2003 Recommendation} + Planets $=$ Objects below 13 Jupiter masses. + \end{block} + \pause + Another Proposal based on the solar system definition by Jean-Luc Margot: + \begin{itemize} + \item based on metric for the clearing of the orbit \begin{itemize} - \item based on metric for the clearing of the orbit - \begin{itemize} - \item based on mass of start and planet, orbital period - \end{itemize} - \item classifies 99\% of the known planets + \item based on mass of start and planet, orbital period \end{itemize} - \end{frame} + \item classifies 99\% of the known planets + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} \section{Nomenclature and Units} \begin{frame} \begin{block}{Nomenclature} - Name/Designation of Star + a Letter ('b', 'c', ...) - \end{block} - \pause + Name/Designation of Star + a Letter ('b', 'c', ...) + \end{block} + \pause \begin{example} 51 Pegasi b - first confirmed exoplanet around a normal star \end{example} @@ -119,20 +119,20 @@ % \frametitle{Some Orbital Parameters} % \begin{columns}[t] % \column{.7\textwidth} -% \begin{itemize} -% \item<1-> Period $P\;[\mathrm{days}]$ -% \item<2-> Semi Major Axis $a\;[\mathrm{au}]$ -% \item<3-> Eccentricity $\epsilon$ -% % \item<4->inclination $i\;[\degree]$ in respect to the reference plane -% \end{itemize} +% \begin{itemize} +% \item<1-> Period $P\;[\mathrm{days}]$ +% \item<2-> Semi Major Axis $a\;[\mathrm{au}]$ +% \item<3-> Eccentricity $\epsilon$ +% % \item<4->inclination $i\;[\degree]$ in respect to the reference plane +% \end{itemize} % \column{.3\textwidth} % \begin{block}{}<2-> % \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{material/el.png} % \end{block} -% % \begin{block}{}<4-> -% % \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{material/inc.png} -% % \end{block} -% \end{columns} +% % \begin{block}{}<4-> +% % \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{material/inc.png} +% % \end{block} +% \end{columns} % \end{frame} \section{Challenges in Exoplanet Detection} @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ \begin{example} Looking at the Solar System and 51 Pegasi ($d=\SI{50.9}{\lightyear}$): \begin{itemize} - % \item Angular Separation of Eath: $\SI{0.06}{\arcsec}$ + % \item Angular Separation of Eath: $\SI{0.06}{\arcsec}$ \item Angular Separation of 51 Pegasi b as seen from Earth: $\SI{0.003}{\arcsec}$ \end{itemize} \pause @@ -172,29 +172,29 @@ \item stacking, interferometry and clever computer processing \pause \end{enumerate} - \end{frame} - % \begin{frame} - % \frametitle{Least Massive: Formalhaut b (2 Jup. Masses)} - % \begin{figure} - % \centering - % \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{material/formb.jpg} - % \caption{http://spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0821a.html} - % \end{figure} - % \end{frame} - \begin{frame} - \frametitle{Coldest: Gliese 504 b ($\SI{240}{\celsius}$)} - \begin{figure} - \centering - \figcite{0.45\textwidth}{material/glies.jpg}{http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/astronomers-image-lowest-mass-exoplanet-around-a-sun-like-star/index.html} - \end{figure} - \end{frame} - \begin{frame} - \frametitle{HR 8799 has 4 Planets} - \begin{figure} - \centering - \inlineMovie{material/keck_exo.avi}{material/keck_ex_p.png}{.75\textheight}{https://www.manyworlds.space/index.php/tag/hr-8799/} - \end{figure} - \end{frame} +\end{frame} +% \begin{frame} +% \frametitle{Least Massive: Formalhaut b (2 Jup. Masses)} +% \begin{figure} +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{material/formb.jpg} +% \caption{http://spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0821a.html} +% \end{figure} +% \end{frame} +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Coldest: Gliese 504 b ($\SI{240}{\celsius}$)} + \begin{figure} + \centering + \figcite{0.45\textwidth}{material/glies.jpg}{http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/astronomers-image-lowest-mass-exoplanet-around-a-sun-like-star/index.html} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{HR 8799 has 4 Planets} + \begin{figure} + \centering + \inlineMovie{material/keck_exo.avi}{material/keck_ex_p.png}{.75\textheight}{https://www.manyworlds.space/index.php/tag/hr-8799/} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} \section{Historic Overview} % \subsection{Antique} @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ % in which, colliding with one another and revolving in all manner % of ways, they begin to separate like to like.'' \hfill - \tiny{\textit{LEUCIPPUS, 480-420 B.C.}} % \end{quote} -% \pause +% \pause % \begin{quote} % ``There \alert{cannot be more worlds} than one world.'' \\ \hfill - \tiny{\textit{ARSITOTLE, 384–322 B.C.}} % \end{quote} @@ -221,19 +221,19 @@ \begin{frame} \begin{columns}[t] \column{0.7\textwidth} - \begin{itemize} - \item<1-> \small{\textit{KOPERNIKUS}} (1543) of course supported plurality - \item<2-> \small{\textit{GIORDANO BRUNO}} (1548-1600) postulates spacial infinity - \item<3-> \small{\textit{NEWTON}} (1548-1600) speculates about other solar systems - \item<4-> \small{\textit{OTTO STRUVE}} (1952) proposes methods of exoplanet detection - \end{itemize} - \only<5>{$\longrightarrow$ In the following years: A lot of false-positives.} - \column{0.3\textwidth} - \only<1>{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/kop.jpg}{Icones, p. 36}} - \only<2>{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/brun.jpg}{Neue Bibliothec}} - \only<3>{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/newt.jpg}{National Portrait Gallery: NPG 2881}} - \only<4->{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/struve.jpg}{US Post}} -\end{columns} + \begin{itemize} + \item<1-> \small{\textit{KOPERNIKUS}} (1543) of course supported plurality + \item<2-> \small{\textit{GIORDANO BRUNO}} (1548-1600) postulates spacial infinity + \item<3-> \small{\textit{NEWTON}} (1548-1600) speculates about other solar systems + \item<4-> \small{\textit{OTTO STRUVE}} (1952) proposes methods of exoplanet detection + \end{itemize} + \only<5>{$\longrightarrow$ In the following years: A lot of false-positives.} + \column{0.3\textwidth} + \only<1>{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/kop.jpg}{Icones, p. 36}} + \only<2>{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/brun.jpg}{Neue Bibliothec}} + \only<3>{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/newt.jpg}{National Portrait Gallery: NPG 2881}} + \only<4->{\figcite{\textwidth}{material/struve.jpg}{US Post}} + \end{columns} \end{frame} \subsection{First Planets} @@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ \item<1-> 1992 - first radio pulsar timing planet \end{itemize} \action<2->{ - \begin{block}{1995 - First planet around 'real' star} - \begin{itemize} - \item discovered by Mayor, Queloz of University Geneva - \item 4 day orbit, much closer than Mercury (Hot Jupiter), 1.9 Jupiter radii - \end{itemize} - \end{block}} - \only<1>{\column{0.5\textwidth}\figcite{\textwidth}{material/puls.jpg}{https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08042}} - \only<2>{\column{0.5\textwidth}\figcite{\textwidth}{material/peg_b.jpg}{https://www.eso.org/public/russia/images/eso1517a/}} + \begin{block}{1995 - First planet around 'real' star} + \begin{itemize} + \item discovered by Mayor, Queloz of University Geneva + \item 4 day orbit, much closer than Mercury (Hot Jupiter), 1.9 Jupiter radii + \end{itemize} + \end{block}} + \only<1>{\column{0.5\textwidth}\figcite{\textwidth}{material/puls.jpg}{https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08042}} + \only<2>{\column{0.5\textwidth}\figcite{\textwidth}{material/peg_b.jpg}{https://www.eso.org/public/russia/images/eso1517a/}} \end{columns} \end{frame} @@ -325,15 +325,15 @@ \frametitle{Some Facts} \begin{columns} \column{.5\textwidth} - \begin{itemize} - \item exoplanets orbit all kinds of stars - \item mass range: 0.02 to 5780 Earth Masses - \item orbital period range: \SIrange{0.4}{3.2e5}{\day} - \item semi major axis: \SIrange{0.00585}{113}{AU} - \item furthest away: \SI{21190}{\lightyear} - \end{itemize} - \column{.5\textwidth} - \figcite{\textwidth}{material/mass_sep.png}{http://exoplanets.org/plots} + \begin{itemize} + \item exoplanets orbit all kinds of stars + \item mass range: 0.02 to 5780 Earth Masses + \item orbital period range: \SIrange{0.4}{3.2e5}{\day} + \item semi major axis: \SIrange{0.00585}{113}{AU} + \item furthest away: \SI{21190}{\lightyear} + \end{itemize} + \column{.5\textwidth} + \figcite{\textwidth}{material/mass_sep.png}{http://exoplanets.org/plots} \end{columns} \end{frame} @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ \figcite{\textwidth}{material/trap.jpg}{http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/figures/PIA22093_fig1.jpg} \end{columns} \end{frame} - + { \usebackgroundtemplate{ \includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{material/trapbig.jpg}} @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ \hfill \color{white} Thanks for your attention! \btVFill - + \hfill\tiny\color{white}\url{https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1713a/}\bigskip \end{frame} } @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ \item \tiny{``A COMBINED VERY LARGE TELESCOPE AND GEMINI STUDY OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE DIRECTLY IMAGED PLANET, BETA PICTORIS b''} by Thayne Currie et al. \normalsize \item \tiny{``TEMPERATE EARTH-SIZED PLANETS TRANSITING A NEARBY -ULTRACOOL DWARF STAR''} by + ULTRACOOL DWARF STAR''} by Michaël Gillon et al. \normalsize \item \tiny{``NO LARGE POPULATION OF UNBOUND OR WIDE-ORBIT JUPITER-MASS PLANETS''} by Przemek Mróz et al. (Rogue Planets, not included in the talk) \normalsize