diff --git a/src/outro.tex b/src/outro.tex index ef29022..c4a6f93 100644 --- a/src/outro.tex +++ b/src/outro.tex @@ -1,5 +1,65 @@ -\chapter{Conclusion and Ideas for future Work} +\chapter{Conclusion and Outlook} \label{cha:concl-ideas-future} + +In this work, we set out to find a way of accessing bath related +observables, such as the expected bath energy change and the +interaction energy expectation value, using the +NMQSD\footnote{Non-Markovian Quantum State + Diffusion}/HOPS\footnote{Hierarchy of Pure States} framework which +we introduced in \cref{chap:intro}. This endeavor was indeed +successful as was laid out in \cref{chap:flow}. + +In \cref{chap:flow} we presented a solution to a well known model for +quantum Brownian motion. Using this solution, we were able to derive +expressions for the bath energy change \(∂_{t}\ev{H_{\bath}}\). + +This enabled us to verify the results of \cref{chap:flow} in +\cref{chap:numres} by solving the same model numerically using +HOPS. Excellent agreement was found in +\cref{sec:hopsvsanalyt}. + +Turning to the spin-boson model in \cref{sec:prec_sim}, we used energy +conservation to verify again, that we can consistently and efficiently +compute bath related observables with HOPS. In the cases where the +consistency condition was not met, we nevertheless found that +qualitatively correct results had been reached. The direct calculation +of the interaction energy by the use of \cref{sec:intener} gives +results that are more precise than the ones obtained through energy +conservation. + +We continued to explore the energy transfer behavior of the zero +temperature spin-boson model and found that energy transfer +performance for strong coupling has a complicated dependence on the +spectral density of the bath. Energy transfer performance can be +optimized longer bath memories and resonant baths when the interaction +is turned off at the right time. + +The short time dynamics of the bath energy change can be explained by +neglecting the system Hamiltonian, which we verified for the +spin-boson model. It was also found, that this short time behaviour is +already present on the trajectory level so that there are no +stochastic fluctuations for short times. During this initial period, +the auxiliary states of the HOPS are being populated. + +In \cref{sec:singlemod} we turned to issues of quantum +thermodynamics. We reviewed some general analytical results that +bounded energy extraction from open systems in +\cref{sec:basic_thermo}, both for the single-bath and the multi-bath +case. We then turned to some more challenging applications of the HOPS +method. First, a driven spin-boson model was considered. We found that +a not insignificant fraction of the theoretical maximum of energy can +be extracted by modulating the coupling and providing a bath with long +memory time. We also demonstrated quantum friction, a quantum speed +limit and a bath resonance phenomenon. + +Finally, we treated a model with multiple baths in \cref{sec:otto} and +non-harmonic smooth modulation. A cyclic modulation protocol was +implemented upon a two level system coupled to two baths in a +spin-boson like fashion. We achieved finite power with finite +efficiency and verified a Gibbs-like inequality +\cref{sec:operational_thermo}. When disabling the coupling modulation, +the power and efficiency were much reduced. + A worthwhile task for future work would be to verify the results summarized in \refcite{Binder2018} for the Otto cycle. Especially the optimization for optimal power which leads to the