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finish TeXing the analytical comparison
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@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ use of a computer algebra system or the aforementioned code.
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The model is again given by a quadratic hamiltonian
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\begin{equation}
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\label{eq:hamiltonian}
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\label{eq:hamiltonian_two_bath}
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\begin{aligned}
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H &= ∑_{i\in\qty{1,2}} \qty[H^{(i)}_O + q_iB^{(i)} + H_B^{(i)}] + \frac{γ}{4}(q_1-q_2)^2,
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\end{aligned}
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@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ substitute
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For the total power we find
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\begin{equation}
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\label{eq:power}
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\dv{\ev{H}}{t} = \ev{\pdv{H_I}{t}},
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\dv{\ev{H}}{t} = \ev{\pdv{H_\inter}{t}} + \ev{\pdv{H_\sys}{t}},
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\end{equation}
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which can be evaluated as in \cref{sec:intener} by replacing \(L(t)\)
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with \(\dot{L}(t)\).
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@ -240,7 +240,10 @@ trajectory count are shown and this behaviour is observed. We also
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find that in the more challenging regimes of stronger coupling or
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longer bath correlation times the behaviour of the convergence is more
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volatile, dipping into regions of inconsistency even at high sample
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counts.
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counts. While the mean difference between the numerical and the
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analytical flow is always below the mean statistical error, larger
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fluctuations can occur at certain points in time when a new region of
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the probability space is sampled.
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\begin{figure}[p]
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\centering
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@ -275,11 +278,82 @@ counts.
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\label{sec:twoosccomp}
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The model of \cref{sec:oneosc} was generalized to two oscillators
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coupled to two separate baths in \cref{sec:twoosc}. The main challenge
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of simulating the model \cref{eq:hamiltonian} is the dimension of the
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system Hilbert space which is constrained by the available memory. To
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limit the variance the temperature of one of the baths was set to
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zero, so that only one thermal stochastic process was introduced.
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coupled to two separate baths in \cref{sec:twoosc} and
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\cref{eq:hamiltonian_two_bath}. In this section we simulate this model
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and compare the results with the analytical solution.
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For simplicity, the parameters were chosen symmetric so that the
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frequencies of both oscillators are the same \(Ω=Λ=1\). As before,
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\(Ω\) defines the energy unit. The zero temperature bath correlation
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functions of both baths were chosen identically with a cutoff
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frequency \(ω_c=2\). The intra-oscillator coupling was chosen as
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\(γ=0.5\). The hierarchy was truncated so that \(\abs{\vb{k}}\leq 3\) and a BCF
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expansion with five terms was chosen to limit memory demands.
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\fixme{mention number of samples}
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To limit the variance the temperature of one of the baths was set to
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zero, so that only one thermal stochastic process was introduced. The
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other bath was chosen to have \(T=0.6\). The ground state of the
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system Hamiltonian \(\ket{0}\otimes \ket{0}\) was chosen as the
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initial state of the oscillators.
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The main challenge of simulating the model \cref{eq:hamiltonian_two_bath} is
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the dimension of the system Hilbert space which is constrained by the
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available memory. In the simulation discussed here, each oscillator
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was truncated at \(9\) levels leading to \(9^2 = 81\) dimensions in
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total\footnote{This is a naive method of truncation, but sufficient
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for the purposes of this work.}. The effect of a too drastic
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truncation of the system Hilbert space can be seen in
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\cref{fig:insufficient_levels}. At the temperature chosen the mean
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level occupation of a harmonic oscillator is given by the Bose distribution
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\begin{equation}
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\label{eq:harm_mean_occ}
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\ev{n} = \frac{1}{\eu^{Ωβ}-1} \approx 0.23 < 1.
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\end{equation}
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Nevertheless, quite more than two levels are required per
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oscillator. This may be due to a required minimal resolution of the
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position operators that occur in the model
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\cref{eq:hamiltonian_two_bath} which is formulated with position space
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in mind.
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The final result can be studied in \cref{fig:sufficient_levels}. We
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find good, but not excellent agreement. Based on the results of
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\cref{sec:oneosccomp} however, it can be argued that this result is
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sufficient to corroborate the validity of the results of
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\cref{sec:multibath}. With more computational effort and fine-tuning
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of parameters a better agreement between the analytical and the
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numerical results may be achieved.
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\begin{subfigure}[t]{.49\linewidth}
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\includegraphics{figs/analytic_comp/comparison_two_5bcf_5ho.pdf}
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\caption{\label{fig:insufficient_levels}\(\dim\hilb_\sys=25\).}
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\end{subfigure}
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\begin{subfigure}[t]{.49\linewidth}
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\includegraphics{figs/analytic_comp/comparison_two.pdf}
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\caption{\label{fig:sufficient_levels}\(\dim\hilb_\sys=81\).}
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\end{subfigure}
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\caption{\label{fig:comp_two_bath} The bath energy flows for
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the model \cref{eq:hamiltonian_two_bath}, where the dashed lines
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correspond to the analytical solutions.}
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\end{figure}
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\Cref{fig:comp_two_bath} exhibits some interesting features. The
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initial slip peak in the bath energy flows is identical for both baths
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and independent of temperature as suggested by the discussion in
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\cref{sec:pure_deph}. As is expected, the hot bath looses energy and
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the cold bath gains energy, while this process is modulated by the
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intra-oscillator coupling. It follows from the analytical solution
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that eventually a steady state without oscillations will be reached.
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Interestingly, the zero temperature bath flow converges very much
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faster than the finite temperature flow despite the whole system being
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connected, at least indirectly, to the hot bath. The reason for this
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is that the derivative of the thermal stochastic process \(\dot{ξ}\)
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dominates the variance of the flow for each trajectory. This is also
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the reason that expressions depending on the hierarchy states rather
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than time derivatives of stochastic processes are preferred as
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discussed in \cref{sec:general_obs}.
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\fixme{show simulation with insufficient HO levels}
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@ -298,6 +372,7 @@ zero, so that only one thermal stochastic process was introduced.
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\item quantum friction
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\item non-markovianity in the energy shovel
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\item resonance effects
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\item nonuniform level spacing, three level system
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\item \ldots
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\end{itemize}
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