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some updates on the figures and add gibbs bound to otto
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@ -1107,10 +1107,10 @@ simplifies the situation.
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To further answer whether a substantial fraction of the maximal
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ergotropy can be extracted from a system we have numerically optimized
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the coupling strengths of the model \cref{eq:one_qubit_model_driven},
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so that after three modulation periods \(τ_{m} = \frac{2 π}{Δ}\) the
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so that over ten modulation periods \(τ_{m} = \frac{2 π}{Δ}\) the
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maximal absolute interaction energy is close to a give value (here
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\(\ev{H_{\inter}}\approx 0.4\) which constitutes quite a strong coupling) for various cutoff
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frequencies \(ω_{c}\).
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\(\ev{H_{\inter}}\approx 0.4\) which constitutes quite a strong
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coupling) for various cutoff frequencies \(ω_{c}\).
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics{figs/one_bath_mod/omega_interactions}
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@ -1121,6 +1121,10 @@ frequencies \(ω_{c}\).
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the parameters in \cref{tab:plus_omega}.}
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\end{figure}
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The resulting couplings can be found in
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\cref{fig:omega_couplings_and_energies}. They correspond roughly to
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demanding \(α_{β}(0)=1.4\), where \(α_{β}\) is the finite temperature
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bath correlation function.
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\Cref{fig:omega_couplings_and_energies} also shows that for the
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simulations with small \(ω_{c}\) the positive parts of the interaction
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energy are especially large.
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@ -1152,14 +1156,14 @@ minimal total energy is achieved earlier and is of greater
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magnitude. Further, we see that a non-trivial amount of energy is
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being extracted relative to ergotropy bound \cref{eq:ergo_mod_model}.
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\begin{wrapfigure}[12]{o}{.5\textwidth}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics{figs/one_bath_mod/omega_energies_and_powers}
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\caption{\label{fig:omegas_energies_and_powers} One shot power
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(blue) and maximal extracted energy (orange) as a function of
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the bath memory. The grey vertical line marks one
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modulation period.}
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\end{wrapfigure}
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\end{figure}
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In \cref{fig:omegas_energies_and_powers} we can see that longer
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bath\fixme{looks like ``phase transition'' but really isn't} memories,
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defined as the time point at which \(α(τ_{\bath}) = α(0)/10\), lead to
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@ -1177,9 +1181,6 @@ is due to the requirement that power and extracted energy have to be
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finite, and the stroboscopic time view induced by the requirement that
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the interaction energy should be zero.
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Note also, that for the two longest bath memories, the relative gain
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in extracted energy is much smaller than the relative gain in power.
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In conclusion we can say that in the cases studied here we can extract
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a finite amount of energy from the system as soon as the bath memory
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is somewhat longer than the modulation period. This statement depends
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@ -1423,6 +1424,16 @@ steady state, the system and interaction related quantities are
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constant in the stroboscopic view (the dots in \cref{fig:ottoenergy}),
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while the total energy and the bath energies depend linearly on time.
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The Gibbs like inequality \cref{eq:secondlaw_cyclic} derived in
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\cref{sec:operational_thermo} can also be verified in this case.
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We find
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\begin{equation}
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\label{eq:secondlaw_otto_actual}
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∑_iβ_i ΔE_{\bath^i}^\cyc = 0.1096\pm 0.0008 ≥ 0,
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\end{equation}
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which does satisfy the inequality to over 100 standard
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deviations. Minimizing this quantity would maximize the efficiency.
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A worthwhile task for future work would be to verify the results
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summarized in \cite{Binder2018} for the Otto cycle. Especially the
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optimization for optimal power which leads to the
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